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1.
Induction of meiotic gynogenesis in bagrid catfish (Pseudobagrus ussuriensis) with homologous sperm and its confirmation for female homogamety 下载免费PDF全文
Zheng‐Jun Pan Chuan‐Kun Zhu Hui Wang Guo‐Liang Chang Huai‐Yu Ding Xiao‐Gang Qiang Xiang‐Sheng Yu 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(11):5659-5665
The bagrid catfish, Pseudobagrus ussuriensis, exhibits significant sexual dimorphism in growth rate and body size with males growing faster than females. Therefore, an all‐male culture can dramatically increase the output and profitability of fishery products. According to the monosex breeding route, super‐male individuals’ acquirement by XY male sex reversal and artificial gynogenesis is the key step. An effective protocol to induce meiotic gynogenesis using homologous sperms has been developed in this study. The most effective UV irradiation for sperm genetic inactivation was found to be at a distance of 20 cm with 66 μW/cm2 light intensity for 25 min. Optimal treatment for cold shock was 5 min post‐fertilization at 0‐4°C for 30 min, which gave the best survival rate of 13.65 ± 2.87%. The sex ratio in the meiotic gynogens showed a significant female‐biased deviation (p < .05); thirty meiogynogens and their parents were further analysed using a male‐specific AFLP marker, of which only the male parent produced a male‐specific DNA band of 412 bp. These results indicated the female homogametic XX/XY sex determination system in P. ussuriensis. The optimization of a protocol for the successful induction of meiogynogenesis in the bagrid catfish lays the basis for all‐male production and is useful in ascertaining the genetic sex determination system in this promising aquaculture species. 相似文献
2.
Stefan Tresch Jennifer SchmotzKlaus Grossmann 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2011,99(1):86-95
The mode of action of endothall, an herbicide which was reported to inhibit plant protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A), was investigated. For initial characterization, a series of bioassays was used for comprehensive physiological profiling of endothall effects which suggested a phytotoxic mode of action similar to mitotic disrupter herbicides. Unlike known microtubule disrupters, endothall did not inhibit soybean tubulin polymerization in vitro. As shown in meristematic corn root tips, endothall distorted the orientation of cell division plane and microtubule spindle structures which led to cell cycle arrest in prometaphase. In tobacco BY-2 cells, malformed spindles together with prometaphase arrest of nuclei and abnormal perinuclear microtubule patterns were detected as early as 4 h of endothall treatment. These effects were also observed after treatment with other protein phosphatase inhibitors, cantharidin and okadaic acid, which phenocopied the mitotic changes described in tonneau1 (ton1) and tonneau2 (ton2) Arabidopsis mutants. These mutants are defective in TONNEAU2 (TON2) protein, a regulatory subunit of PP2A, which governs cell division plane and microtubule orientation. Therefore, PP2A/TON2 phosphatase complex is suggested to be an in planta molecular target of endothall. However, in BY-2 cells, additional effects of endothall, including inhibition of S-phase initiation and DNA synthesis, detected by 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation, and condensed nuclei arrested in late mitosis were observed which were not reported in Arabidopsiston1 and ton2 mutants. This result indicates that two additional checkpoints in cell cycle were blocked by endothall which are probably not associated with TON2-pathway inhibition. Possibly, inhibition of PP1 and/or other PP2A protein phosphatases are involved in the regulation of these cell cycle phenomena. 相似文献
3.
Qi Li Makoto Osada Masaru Kashihara Ken Hirohashi and Akihiro Kijima 《Fisheries Science》2000,66(4):701-707
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以不同浓度的氯化镉为诱变剂,对玉米根尖细胞进行致畸试验,测定不同处理时间玉米根尖细胞的微核率、有丝分裂指数和染色体畸变率.结果表明:氯化镉能诱发较高频率的微核率;处理6、12、24 h时,氯化镉质量浓度为0~10.00 mg/L时微核率随氯化镉质量浓度增加而上升,氯化镉质量浓度大于10.00~40.00 mg/L时微核率随氯化镉质量浓度增加而下降;有丝分裂指数随氯化镉质量浓度上升而下降,随处理时间的延长而升高;氯化镉还能诱导玉米根尖细胞产生较高频率的染色体畸变. 相似文献
6.
高汝勇 《农业机械化与电气化》2009,(1):3-5
以大蒜根尖为材料,用常规压片方法制备染色体标本,研究不同低温预处理时间对根尖细胞有丝分裂的影响。结果表明:低温预处理12—42h能提高有丝分裂指数和中期分裂指数;6h和48h低温预处理会降低有丝分裂指数和中期分裂指数;低温预处理24~30h有利于根尖细胞的有丝分裂。 相似文献
7.
高能混合粒子场诱变小麦的细胞学效应研究 总被引:11,自引:11,他引:11
利用北京正负电子对撞机直线加速器E2束流打靶产生高能混合粒子场,以0、109、145、1952、84和560Gy的剂量处理两个冬小麦品种ZY9和ZH7,并与相同剂量的60Coγ射线相比较,研究其细胞学效应。试验结果表明,混合粒子场辐照小麦种子可抑制根尖细胞有丝分裂,诱发染色体出现单微核、双微核、多微核、环状染色体、落后染色体、游离染色体、染色体断片等多种畸变类型。混合粒子场与γ射线诱发的微核畸变率和染色体畸变率均存在明显的剂量效应,但混合粒子场的损伤效应明显高于γ射线。混合粒子场可诱发高频率的环状染色体和染色体断片,显示出混合粒子场处理小麦具有比γ射线处理更高的相对生物学效应。 相似文献
8.
MINORU TANAKA SHIZUO KIMURA TAKAFUMI FUJIMOTO SUZU SAKAO ETSURO YAMAHA KATSUTOSHI ARAI 《Fisheries Science》2003,69(1):176-180
ABSTRACT: In normally fertilized progeny of the kokanee salmon Oncorhynchus nerka , DNA content flow cytometry revealed that all the externally normal embryos were diploid, whereas abnormal embryos exhibited haplo-diploid, diplo-tetraploid and haplo-diplo-tetraploid mosaicisms, together with a few haploid and diploid individuals. When gynogenetic development was artificially induced by fertilization of eggs obtained from a female of the same kokanee brood stock with UV-irradiated sperm, haplo-diploid mosaics appeared most frequently. These mosaics were likely to happen by certain cytological events, such as meiotic or mitotic errors during the process of maturation, fertilization or early cleavage. 相似文献
9.
Trophoblast from Day-14 bovine embryos was cultured in medium containing mitogens to determine if the mitotic index could be altered. Trophoblast from each of 15 embryos was cultured in minimum essential medium (Eagles) with 20 % fetal calf serum (control) or in this medium supplemented with pokeweed mitogen (1 %, v/v), phytohemagglutinin (1 %, v/v), concanavalin A (1 %, v/v) or thymidine (2 mg/ml). No mitogenic effect was observed due to any of the treatments. However, mitotic indexes were significantly lower when pokeweed (P < 0.05) or thymidine (P < 0.01) was added to the medium. A highly significant (P < 0.001) variation in mitotic index between embryos was observed. 相似文献
10.
悬浮培养红豆杉细胞分裂同步化诱导 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
分别采用低温和咖啡因对红豆杉(Taxus chinensis)细胞进行处理,诱导细胞分裂同步化。结果显示,4℃处理24h效果最好,分裂指数提高115.7%,χ^2=16.820,显著性极高。8℃处理一定时间分裂指数也可显著提高。而15℃处理效果最差。用高浓度的咖啡因处理较短时间也可有效诱导同步化。 相似文献