图书馆数字资源的馆藏保存与服务策略思考

[目的/意义]科技文献资源保存已纳入多个国家图书馆的战略规划,中国图书馆仍缺少对数字资源本地保存及服务方法,亟待明确其中的关键问题并建立工作策略。[方法/过程]针对当前国际知识产权形势以及机构对数字资源资产管理新要求,调研国内外文献保障机构的数字资源本地保存现状,梳理图书馆数字资源实现馆藏保存与服务中的关键问题,进而提出中国图书馆数字资源本地保存及服务方式。[结果/结论]数字资源本地保存涉及到知识产权保护、图书馆服务方式、保存工作持续性等问题,有必要从数字资源馆藏体系建设的角度,确定数字资源馆藏保护、本地保存、自主可控的原则,以国家协议、电子资源采购条款约定保存权益、国际合作、数字呈缴等方法来获取数字资源馆藏内容、服务权益,通过技术架构支持数字资源的“在线、近线、离线”服务策略。     

基于TOPSIS和局部空间自相关的永久基本农田划定方法

永久基本农田划定是保护优质耕地、控制建设用地占用优质耕地的有效手段,也是高标准农田建设的基础。本文提出了一种基于优劣解距离法(Technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,TOPSIS)和局部空间自相关的永久基本农田划定方法,从耕地的自然禀赋、区位条件、建设水平和生态景观条件4个角度出发,构建较全面的综合质量评价体系,借助TOPSIS法对耕地综合质量进行评价;引入空间聚类的思想对耕地综合质量进行局部空间自相关分析;最后,依据各区域的耕地综合质量及空间聚类特征,将符合要求的耕地划入永久基本农田。以河北省高碑店市为研究区开展实证研究,结果表明,该方法划定的永久基本农田较合理,划定永久基本农田面积为339.61 km2,占高碑店市耕地总面积的81.75%,划定比例达到国家相关规程要求。本文在耕地质量评价中加入生态景观因素,并结合最佳距离阈值和改进的反距离空间权重矩阵的空间聚类方法,为永久基本农田划定提供了新思路。     

鲁西北一次农业致灾暴雨天气成因分析

为了揭示局地暴雨天气的成因,以期为此类农业灾害性天气的预报预警提供指示,笔者利用常规观测资料、加密自动站资料和多普勒雷达回波资料,对鲁西北地区2012年7月4—5日暴雨天气过程的环流背景、物理量场特征和中小尺度系统进行分析。结果表明:此次暴雨的主要影响系统是高空西风槽、切变线和低空急流;聊城地区水汽通量散度所揭示的强水汽辐合时间与垂直运动发展增强时间没有很好的对应,因此此次强降水时间较短;暴雨落区与强上升运动的发展区域在空间上相关性更好;对流层低层辐合线触发了不稳定能量的释放产生暴雨;此次暴雨过程的局地特点可以用中小尺度系统进行解释,而中小尺度系统的跟踪一定程度上依赖于区域站资料的开发应用;多普勒雷达的强雷达回波单体和阵风锋能较好地解释此次局地暴雨过程,多普勒雷达产品的应用有待进一步深化研究。     

Genetic structuring and diversity patterns along rivers – local invasion history of Ambrosia artemisiifolia (Asteraceae) along the Danube River in Vienna (Austria) shows non‐linear pattern

Ambrosia artemisiifolia is an annual weed from North America that nowadays is invasive in many countries worldwide. In Austria, numerous populations of A. artemisiifolia are located along the Danube River, especially along the ‘New Danube’ (Vienna). This area is characterised by ruderal and riparian sites, which are regularly flooded. To better understand the spread of A. artemisiifolia and its colonising behaviour along the Danube River, we analysed genetic structure and diversity based on 23 populations linearly arranged along the Viennese Danube riverbed and upstream, utilising the Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprint method. We generated 284 polymorphic AFLP markers across 446 A. artemisiifolia plants. The genetic diversity within populations was higher (HW = 0.091) than among populations (HB = 0.007). This result indicates A. artemisiifolia introductions from similar mixtures of sources or spread from a single already mixed introduction. Within our local setting, we were unable to identify neither source or sink populations nor an obvious linear genetic structuring. Genetic among‐population differentiation was low to moderate (amova ‐derived F_ST = 0.124). Lack of geographical structuring is indicative of highly dynamic gene flow, which is further supported by the absence of an isolation‐by‐distance pattern. Multiple introductions and non‐directional gene flow are most likely promoted by anthropogenic disturbance and human‐mediated dispersal. Our results demonstrate the ability and speed of A. artemisiifolia to settle in newly disturbed areas and the difficulties to predict invasion directions, as downstream river dispersal was negligible.     

文旅融合背景下西北地方文献建设研究

[目的/意义]地方文献是重要的文化资源,地方文献的收藏、整理、再造,是对历史文化的传承,也是推动地方文化建设、提升民众文化生活质量的必然要求。[方法/过程]概述上海图书馆“从武康路出发”的实践,总结地方文献资源和文旅融合的经验。对西北五省区省级公共图书馆地方文献资源数据库进行调查,分析文献收藏特点和不足之处。[结果/结论]根据调研结果从加强地方文献资源的收集整理、深入挖掘地方文献资源、加大地方文献资源的宣传力度、开展广泛的合作等方面提出建设思路。     

Y型网式过滤器堵塞过程对有机肥浓度的响应研究

为研究水肥一体化设备中用于过滤有机肥的Y型网式过滤器的堵塞规律,对Y型网式过滤器在初始流量500 L/h、水源压力117.6 k Pa下,设置25、30、40、50 g/L共4种黄腐酸钾有机肥肥液质量浓度,进行了过滤器堵塞试验,分析了Y型网式过滤器的局部水头损失与单个滤孔滤网清洁度(单个滤孔有效过水断面面积与孔隙总面积比值) S/S0的关系,并利用XRD分析了过滤器内堵塞物质的成分。结果表明:肥液质量浓度对过滤器滤网清洁度影响显著,建议肥液质量浓度不超过40 g/L;过滤器局部水头损失在S/S0减小到10%后才逐渐开始增大,过滤器局部水头损失与滤网清洁度、肥液质量浓度有关,利用多项式拟合给出了过滤器滤网清洁度与肥液质量浓度、施肥持续时间的关系式及局部水头损失与肥液质量浓度、滤网清洁度的关系式;滤网堵塞物质主要成分为硫酸钙、草酸钙。本研究结果可为水肥一体化设备中过滤器的选择提供理论参考。     

乡村振兴背景下祠堂文化实践价值探析——基于江西省赣中景贤村 J氏祠堂的调查

在乡村振兴背景下，农民群众对于美好生活的获得感、幸福感和安全感的追求更加强烈，主体意识和自我发展需求随之增强，作为乡村记忆符号的祠堂文化也迎来了新的发展。祠堂文化是社会存在的反映，具有社会性、传承性、稳定性和时代性等特征，发挥着保证、凝聚、育人和激励等功能。将祠堂文化与乡村思想政治工作相融合，通过推进美好乡风和乡村振兴建设，实现美丽乡村建设新发展。     

川渝地区地方和育成大豆品种SSR标记多样性分析?

利用基本均匀分布于大豆20条染色体的135对SSR标记，对232份包括6个地方品种地域亚群和1个育成品种亚群进行全基因组扫描。结果表明：所有的标记都有多态性，所有检测到的位点都是纯合基因型，说明所选用品种高度纯合，每个标记存在2～4个等位变异，平均2.66个。亚群多态信息含量变异范围0.2751-0.3165，整个群体为0.3208；亚群内Nei遗传距离变异范围0.325 8～0.359 4，整个群体为0.3711，说明川渝地区大豆遗传变异较小。亚群间的遗传一致度（GI ≥ 0.8862）较高，亚群间遗传距离（GD ≤ 0.1208）较小，地方品种亚群间遗传差异更小，育成品种亚群与自然地域亚群的遗传差异相对较大。亚群间基因分化系数（Fst）平均为 0.0722，基因流（Nm）平均为 3.214，说明不同亚群之间存在一定的基因交流。主坐标分析表明第一、二和三主成分分别解释总变异的4.97%、3.54%和3.33%。来自同一区域的品种资源基本聚集在同一亚群，聚类分析同样表明同一自然地域亚群品种资源虽不能完全聚集到同一个遗传类群中，但具有一定的聚集效应，说明川渝大豆品种资源遗传变异与地理位置有一定的关系。分子方差分析表明亚群内变异占总变异的97%，亚群间变异仅占总变异的3%。Mantel收敛分析表明地方品种自然地域亚群的遗传距离与所处的地理位置距离（纬度和海拔）呈显著的正相关关系（R2=0.723）。川渝地区大豆种质资源群体遗传丰富度不高，当前的育成品种未蕴含本地区所有遗传变异。     

Survey of the response of 82 domestic landraces of Zea mays to cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) reveals geographical region‐related resistance to CMV in Japan

Zea mays has been historically imported to Japan via two independent geographical routes: into southern Japan by trading with Europe in the 16th century and into northern Japan by import from North America in the 19th century. Breeding to genetically improve on quality traits and high yields has led to the current domestic landraces in each region. In a survey of 82 domestic landraces, nine out of 38 landraces originating from southern Japan showed complete immunity to cucumber mosaic virus yellow strain (CMV(Y)) without the formation of necrotic local lesions (NLLs). In contrast, three out of 44 landraces originating from northern Japan developed NLLs, but revealed no systemic spread of the virus. Due to the absence of good documentation on NLL formation in Z. mays, the response of domestic landraces Aso‐1 and Aso‐3, originating from Ibaraki in northern Japan, to a challenge with CMV(Y) and CMV(Ma‐1) was further analysed. Aso‐3 only formed NLL in response to CMV(Y) but not to CMV(Ma‐1). Moreover, in CMV(Y)‐inoculated Aso‐3, virus spread was restricted to the primary infection site and the expression of defence‐related genes was up‐regulated, whereas Aso‐1 became systemically infected with either CMV(Y) or CMV(Ma‐1). The response of Aso‐3 to CMV(Y) was inherited as a single dominant trait. Together, these results pointed towards the induction of hypersensitive response (HR)‐mediated resistance to CMV(Y) in Aso‐3. Although HR‐mediated resistance to viruses has been studied mainly in dicots, the pathosystem CMV–Z. mays may provide a model to investigate HR‐mediated resistance to viruses in monocot plants.