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1.
绿咖啡油是一种富含生物活性成分的功能性油脂,贮藏过程中极易氧化酸败影响产品品质。本文以海南地区兴隆咖啡为原料提取绿咖啡油,系统研究在60 ℃加速贮藏36 d内氧化指标、生物活性成分及表征氧化的光谱特征峰变化。结果表明:过氧化值、茴香胺值、硫代巴比妥酸、总氧化值初始值分别为0.97±0.04 meq/kg、4.19±0.14、55.08± 1.98 nmol/mL、8.05±0.06,经过36 d的氧化分别显著升高到28.56±0.15 meq/kg、19.19±0.13、102.38±2.18 nmol/mL、133.43± 0.45。本研究中共鉴定出11种脂肪酸,在绿咖啡油氧化过程中,饱和脂肪酸与不饱和脂肪酸比值由1.14上升至1.49。利用高效液相色谱测定绿咖啡油中的二萜类物质和生育酚,咖啡豆醇、咖啡醇的初始含量分别为21.01±0.31 mg/g、23.44±0.52 mg/g,在氧化24 d后升高至8.21±0.10 mg/g、8.99±0.02 mg/g,随后含量趋于稳定。共定性出α、δ和γ-生育酚,总生育酚含量由初始的49.75±0.88 mg/100 g在氧化18 d达到最大值53.70±1.72 mg/100 g,在氧化结束时降至34.58± 0.05 mg/100 g。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)从特征官能团的角度分析绿咖啡油的氧化过程,油脂在3008、2927、2854、1745、1461、1375、1238、1164、721 cm-1处有特征吸收峰。采用拉曼光谱技术表征绿咖啡油加速贮藏中的氧化变质,在1000~1800 cm-1波段的峰强度有明显减弱趋势。本研究表明绿咖啡油在热诱导下的贮藏过程中发生了明显的氧化反应,可为提升绿咖啡油贮藏稳定性提供理论参考。  相似文献   
2.
An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary choline levels on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolites in juvenile Pacific white shrimp. Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to supply 0, 1,000, 2,000, 4,000, 6,000, 10,000 mg/kg choline chloride, and dietary choline levels were analysed to be 1,317 (basal diet), 1,721, 2,336, 3,294, 5,421 and 9,495 mg/kg, respectively. Dietary choline levels significantly influenced percent weight gain (PWG) and protein efficiency ratio (PER), with the highest PWG was observed in shrimp fed the 5,421 mg/kg choline diet. However, there were no significant differences in proximate composition of whole body and muscle. Shrimp fed the diet containing 2,336 mg/kg choline had lower HDL and LDL in haemolymph than those fed the basal diet (1,317 mg/kg diet). Dietary choline prevented the accumulation of free radicals and improved antioxidant capacity by increasing catalase activity and reducing malondialdehyde content. Based on broken‐line regression and quadratic regression analysis between PWG against dietary choline levels, the optimal choline requirements were estimated to be 3,254.1 and 6,488.3 mg/kg for juvenile L. vannamei, respectively.  相似文献   
3.
Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets with soybean oil (SO), linseed oil (LO), algae oil from Schizochytrium sp. (AO), mixed oil (MO, SO:LO:AO = 1:1:1) and fish oil (FO; control group) were selected to feed juvenile Onychostoma macrolepis (initial weight 1.86 ± 0.07 g) for eight weeks. The results showed that in the LO and FO groups fish grew best. There was no significant difference in specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) between the MO and FO groups (p > .05). The highest contents of 18:2n‐6, 18:3n‐3 and 22:6n‐3 in liver and muscle were found with the SO, LO and AO groups, respectively (p < .05). There appeared the highest malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the lowest superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the fish liver of the AO group. There appeared the highest concentrations of serum glucose (GLU), cholesterol (CHOL) and triglycerides (TG) in the SO group. The expressions of lipid anabolism genes were significantly up‐regulated by dietary SO and LO (p < .05). The expressions of lipid catabolism genes were significantly higher with the AO, MO and FO groups (p < .05). This study recommended that LO or MO as a better vegetable oil source for juvenile O. macrolepis.  相似文献   
4.
目的 探讨冠心病血瘀证与血液相关检验指标的关系。方法 选择175例冠心病患者,其中血瘀证组112例,非血瘀证组63例。研究对象均在住院次日清晨平躺测量血压,空腹状态下抽取静脉血液留置标本,检测血常规和血脂、血糖、肾功能等生化指标,记录患者吸烟史。比较两组患者指标的差异性。结果 血瘀证组患者的血常规中红细胞分布宽度-CV值(Rdw-cv)、红细胞分布宽度-SD值(Rdw-sd)、血小板分布宽度(Pdw)、血小板平均体积(Mpv)、血小板比积(Pct)、大型血小板比率(P-lct)均明显高于非血瘀证组(P<0.01,P<0.05);血瘀证组患者载脂蛋白B(ApoB)、血脂总胆固醇(TC)均明显高于非血瘀证组(P<0.01,P<0.05);血瘀证组中患者吸烟率明显高于非血瘀证组(P<0.05)。结论 冠心病血瘀证组患者Rdw-cv、Rdw-sd、Pdw、Mpv、Pct、P-lct、TC、ApoB及烟率均明显高于非血瘀证组,差异具有统计学意义,故以上指标可以作为冠心病血瘀证中医辨证分型的客观临床指标。  相似文献   
5.
The dominant fatty acids (FAs) in oils are often used to explain different nutritional effects of dietary oils in fish. However, the amounts of dominant FAs among oils are different, and the nutritional roles of these important FAs in fish have not been precisely compared at similar levels in feeding trials. In the present study, different amounts of palmitic acid were added to safflower oil (SO), olive oil (OO) and fish oil (FO) to obtain comparable amounts (about 550 g/kg of total FAs) of 18:2n‐6, 18:1n‐9 and 20:5n‐3 + 22:6n‐3 and subsequently fed to Nile tilapia (11.1 ± 0.01 g) for 8 weeks. The results showed similar growth among groups but FO group obtained lower fat deposition, serum ALT and AST activities, compared to OO. Lipogenesis‐related gene expressions were higher in OO group than FO group in liver, muscle and adipose tissue, but there were only few differences in these genes between SO and FO groups. Lipid catabolism genes in FO group were higher than OO and SO groups in adipose tissue, but not in muscle, and the significantly higher expressions of CPT1b and PPARα were only observed in liver. Overall, dietary 18:2n‐6, 20:5n‐3 and 22:6n‐3 were beneficial to normal growth and lipid metabolism, whereas high amount of 18:1n‐9 induced lipid deposition and liver damage in Nile tilapia.  相似文献   
6.
为了比较饲料中添加鱼油、茶籽油、亚麻籽油以及碘酸钾对中华鳖()稚鳖生长和脂类代谢的影响,本研究配制了4种油脂含量为10%的饲料,分别为鱼油料(FO,对照组)、鱼油+碘酸钾料(FO+PI,碘酸钾添加量为75 mg/kg)、茶籽油料(TO)和亚麻籽油料(LO),饲喂初重为(5.06±0.05)g的中华鳖66 d。FO+PI组和LO组中华鳖稚鳖的存活率显著低于FO组(<0.05)。各组中华鳖稚鳖血浆中葡萄糖、总胆固醇和甘油三酯水平无显著差异(ACACA)的表达水平,上调了中华鳖-499的表达水平(-23b的表达水平(<0.05)。FO+PI组和TO组的稚鳖肝脏细胞内脂滴空泡较少,同时TO显著影响了肠道组织的黏膜褶。结论认为,相比于鱼油组,在饲料中添加10%茶籽油、亚麻籽油和添加75 mg/kg碘酸钾不会引起稚鳖生长差异,但是亚麻籽油和碘酸钾降低了稚鳖的存活率,茶籽油和碘酸钾影响肝脏的脂类代谢。  相似文献   
7.
为阐明氮元素对微藻次生代谢积累和调控的影响,以三角褐指藻为试验材料,研究不同氮浓度[896(CK)、448、112、28和0 μmol·L-1]处理对三角褐指藻细胞生长、岩藻黄素含量、油脂含量以及叶绿素a含量的影响,并对岩藻黄素-叶绿素蛋白复合体基因(FCPb)和酰基-酰基载体蛋白去饱和酶基因(FAB2)的表达进行实时荧光定量PCR分析。结果表明,氮限制极显著抑制了三角褐指藻细胞的生长和岩藻黄素的合成,但促进了油脂的合成。当氮浓度为112 μmol·L-1时,三角褐指藻岩藻黄素含量最低(0.084 mg·g-1DW),而油脂含量最高,较CK提高了1.36倍。叶绿素a与岩藻黄素含量变化趋势一致。相关性分析表明,氮限制条件下,三角褐指藻岩藻黄素含量与油脂含量显著相关(R2=0.998 8)。实时荧光定量PCR分析表明,氮限制抑制了三角褐指藻中FCPb的表达,促进了FAB2的表达。综上,氮限制通过调控三角褐指藻岩藻黄素、油脂生物合成途径相关基因的表达影响了岩藻黄素和油脂的积累。本研究为进一步探究岩藻黄素与脂类物质代谢合成的关联性提供了一定的理论参考。  相似文献   
8.
为探究不同种植密度对雪茄烟叶生理生化特性和品质的影响,确定四川雪茄烟适宜的种植密度,以德雪一号为供试材料,测定了成熟期田间微气候、烟叶膜脂过氧化程度、抗氧化酶活性和烟叶产质量等指标。结果表明,随着种植密度的增大,烟田温湿度增大,烟叶所受光照强度降低。成熟期温度与烟叶膜脂过氧化程度呈显著正相关关系,相关系数在0.52~0.85之间。同一时期内烟叶丙二醛(MDA)含量随种植密度增大呈先降后升趋势,抗氧化酶活性呈先升后降趋势。种植密度为21 000株/hm2时抗氧化酶活性最高,过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性在打顶后28d达到最高,分别为61.6U/(gFW·min)和123.0U/(mg·min),超氧化物歧化酶活性在打顶后21d达到最高,为755.8U/g,打顶后35d MDA含量为25.3mmol/g,膜脂过氧化程度最低。调制后烟叶总糖含量增至1.86%,烟碱含量为3.02%,钾氯比高达9.21,化学成分较为协调,感官评吸得分最高,烟叶产值与茄衣烟比例较常规种植密度24 000株/hm2分别提升了0.9万元/hm2和7%。综上所述,21 000株/hm2为四川省雪茄烟适宜的种植密度。  相似文献   
9.
Since its invasion into China in 1979, the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea Drury, has spread from Dandong city (about 40°N) in Liaoning Province to Nanjing city (about 32°N) in Jiangsu Province, and to other areas. Owing to geographic and latitudinal gradients in temperature, H. cunea will encounter temperature changes during the spreading process. In this study, we verified the hypothesis that autumn warming accelerates the energy consumption of H. cunea diapause pupae. We found that, after autumn warming, the body size and mass of diapause pupae decreased significantly and raised constant temperature accelerated carbohydrate and protein consumption in female pupae, while fluctuating temperature changes had a more pronounced effect on carbohydrate and protein consumption in male pupae. Contrary to expectations, the lipid content of diapause pupae did not decrease after autumn warming, and even increased significantly. We conclude that warming in autumn accelerates energy consumption by diapause pupae, and the autumn energy consumption of diapause pupae is dominated by carbohydrates, supplemented by protein when carbohydrates are overconsumed, while lipid use is dominated by anabolic metabolism during autumn.  相似文献   
10.
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