蓝塘猪和长白猪leptin和leptin受体基因表达的变化

用实时荧光定量PCR方法研究了蓝塘猪和长白猪1、27、90、150和180日龄阶段脂肪组织中leptin基因mRNA和下丘脑中leptin受体基因mRNA的变化,并对2个品种不同生长阶段血液中leptin含量的变化规律进行了探讨。结果表明:(1)蓝塘猪180日龄时皮下脂肪中leptin基因表达量显著高于其它各阶段,而与长白猪相比,蓝塘猪除1日龄低于长白猪外,其它各个阶段均高于长白猪,180日龄两者差异极显著;长白猪各阶段间差异不显著;(2)蓝塘猪180日龄时下丘脑中leptin受体基因的表达量显著高于其它各阶段,长白猪180日龄时最高,且显著高于1日龄和27日龄,蓝塘猪与长白猪1日龄时差异显著;(3)蓝塘猪血清中leptin浓度各阶段均高于长白猪,两品种均是150日龄时最高,蓝塘猪150日龄显著高于27日龄和180日龄,长白猪各阶段差异不显著。     

外源CNT对哈白兔体内CNT和GH及瘦素动态变化的影响

【目的】研究外源性环核苷酸(CNT)对动物血浆中内源环鸟苷酸(cGMP)和环腺苷酸(cAMP)、生长激素(GH)及瘦素动态变化规律的调控作用。【方法】以哈白兔为试验动物,设置对照组(注射生理盐水)、cGMP组、cAMP组和cGMP+cAMP组,后3个处理组分别外源注射cGMP、cAMP及其等量混合物的腹腔注射液,在注射后1,3,6,10,15,21,28,36,45,55,65,75,85,95h采集血样,分别运用放射免疫法测定动物内源cGMP、cAMP、瘦素及GH的含量。【结果】单独注射cGMP可以显著提高内源性cGMP的水平,而且在注射后45h以内效果最佳;单独注射cAMP可以显著提高内源性cAMP的水平,而且在4d或者更长时间会持续有效;无论单独注射cAMP或cGMP,还是混合注射cAMP+cGMP,内源性cAMP总有优于内源性cGMP 6%的优势。此外,cGMP对血浆瘦素水平有较小的正调控作用,cAMP对血浆瘦素水平有负调控作用,cGMP+cAMP对血浆瘦素的调控作用介于以上两者之间,而且cAMP的作用相对较为明显;注射cAMP后的55h以内,瘦素质量浓度明显降低,以后趋于正常;cGMP、cAMP及cGMP+cAMP对血浆GH质量浓度均有显著的正向调控作用,而且以cGMP的优势更为明显。【结论】探讨了外源CNT作用下内源cGMP、cAMP、瘦素及GH的动态变化规律,为通过外源CNT来调节动物体生理水平提供了理论依据。     

Serum adipokine concentrations in dogs with diabetes mellitus: a pilot study

This study was conducted to determine whether serum adipokine concentrations differed between healthy dogs and dogs with diabetes mellitus (DM). To accomplish this, 19 dogs with newly diagnosed DM were compared to 20 otherwise healthy dogs. The serum concentrations of visfatin, leptin, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α were significantly higher in diabetic dogs than in healthy dogs, whereas the serum adiponectin concentrations were lower in diabetic dogs. However, there were no significant differences in the IL-10 and resistin levels between groups. The serum leptin concentrations in diabetic dogs with and without concurrent disorders differed significantly. Treatment with insulin induced a significant decrease in IL-6 in diabetic dogs without concurrent disorders. These results show that the clinical diabetic state of dogs could modulate the circulating visfatin and adiponectin concentrations directly, while upregulation of leptin was probably a result of concurrent disorders rather than an effect of persistent hyperglycemia as a result of DM.     

Investigation of the leptin levels in the blood serum of Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) and Capoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843)

Leptin is a peptide hormone secreted by adipose tissues in the various teleost fish and vertebrates. Leptin has been suggested to have an important role in a range physiological function, including regulation of food intake, reproduction, immune function, energy expenditure, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. In this study, leptin levels in the blood serum of Cyprinus carpio and Capoeta trutta were determined. Then the results were compared between two species and between sexes of each species. In addition, leptin levels were also compared with the body weight and length of both C. carpio and C. trutta. Leptin level was analysed using available enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA) kit (Rat leptin ELISA kit, catalog no: SK00050‐08). Leptin levels showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) that in relation to between two species and between sexes of each species. It has been shown that not significantly correlated when examined correlations between the leptin level in blood serum and body weight (r = 0.192, p = 0.380) or length (r = 0.102, p = 0.644) of C. carpio. Similarly, the correlations between leptin level in blood serum and body weight (r = 0.021, p = 0.959) or length (r = 0.123, p = 0.595) of C. trutta were also not significant.     

不同能量摄入水平对围产期奶牛生产性能及血浆瘦素浓度影响的研究

将健康的围产期奶牛30头随机分为3组, 每组10头。其中Ⅱ组为对照组, Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组分别为试验组。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组均于产前28d开始分别饲喂NRC标准减少20%日粮(能量摄入80%组)、NRC标准日粮(能量摄入100%组)、NRC标准增加20%日粮(能量摄入120%组), 产后各组奶牛均饲喂标准日粮, 至产后56d结束。观察妊娠后期奶牛不同能量水平对干物质摄入量、产奶量、乳成分及体重等生产性能和血浆瘦素浓度的影响。试验结果表明: 奶牛产后干物质摄入量、产奶量、乳中蛋白质、乳脂率和非固体物质为Ⅰ组高于Ⅱ组、Ⅱ组又高于Ⅲ组(P>0 05 ); 同时血浆瘦素浓度为Ⅰ组高于Ⅱ组、Ⅱ组又高于Ⅲ组, 经统计分析组间差异极显著(P<0 01) 或差异显著(P<0 05); 但产前28~14d瘦素浓度组间差异均不显著(P>0 05 ), 此后Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组差异显著(P<0 05 )。此外, Ⅰ组体重消耗最小, Ⅲ组体重消耗最大, 各组间差异极显著(P<0 01)。可见, 围产期健康奶牛不同能量水平与干物质摄入量、产奶量、乳成分、体重等生产性能及血浆瘦素浓度之间存在着密切的关系。     

Role of ghrelin in regulating rabbit ovarian function and the response to LH and IGF-I

The aim of these in vivo and in vitro studies was to examine the role of ghrelin in the control of plasma hormone concentrations, the proliferation, apoptosis and secretory activity of ovarian granulosa cells and the response of these cells to hormonal treatments. Female rabbits were injected with ghrelin (10 μg/animal/day for one week before ovulation induced by 25 IU PMSG and 0.25 IU LHRH). On the day of ovulation, blood samples were collected and analyzed for concentrations of progesterone (P₄), testosterone (T), estradiol (E₂), estrone-sulphate (ES), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and leptin (L) by RIA. Some control and ghrelin-treated animals were killed in the periovulatory period, their ovaries were weighed and granulosa cells were isolated and cultured for 2 d. Cell proliferation (expression of PCNA) and apoptosis (expression of TdT) were evaluated by immunocytochemistry and TUNEL respectively. Secretion of P₄, T, E₂, IGF-I, and prostaglandin F (PGF) by granulosa cells cultured with and without LH or IGF-I (1, 10 or 100 ng/ml medium) was assessed by RIA. The remaining control and treated animals were kept until parturition, while the number, viability and body weight of pups were recorded.     

瘦蛋白对体外培养的新生牛脂肪细胞Ob-Rb mRNA表达的影响

取单层生长良好的脂肪细胞，采用单因素试验，分别添加浓度为5ng／mL外源牛重组瘦蛋白（每12h添加1次）不添加作为对照至4、12、24、36、48和72h后提取总RNA，每个处理3个重复（孔），应用竞争RT-PCR法检测外源瘦蛋白对初生犊牛脂肪细胞Leptin长型受体（Ob—Rb）表达水平的影响，结果与对照组相比在12～24h内随着培养时间的增加，脂肪细胞Ob—Rb表达水平量亦显著增加（P〈0．01），之后其表达量逐渐回降，在48～72h趋于平稳（P〉0．05）。结果表明，在一定时间内瘦蛋白可提高体外培养的新生牛脂肪细胞Ob-Rb mRNA的表达水平。     

Leptin基因对陆川猪和大白猪产仔数的影响

根据leptin基因在GenBank中的已知序列设计两对引物,采用PCR-SSCP技术在陆川猪和大白猪群体中进行单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）检测,发现了两个SNPs位点,并对其不同基因型个体PCR回收产物进行测序,同时对这两个SNPs位点与产仔数进行了关联分析。结果表明：这两个SNPs位点分别是在第3 469碱基处发生了T→C突变和第3 714碱基处发生了T→G突变,这两个突变都是同义突变;T3714G SNP对陆川猪产仔数影响显著（P〈0.05）,而对大白猪产仔数影响不显著（P〉0.05）,T3 469C SNP对陆川猪和大白猪产仔数影响均不显著（P〉0.05）。     

乙酸浓度对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞甘油三酯含量及瘦素和过氧化物酶增殖物激活受体γ基因表达量的影响

本试验旨在研究乙酸浓度对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞甘油三酯(TAG)含量及瘦素(leptin)和过氧化物酶增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)基因表达量的影响。将传至第3代的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞以适宜的密度培养48 h后,随机分为6个处理,各处理分别采用乙酸浓度为0(对照组)、4、6、8、10和12 mmol/L的培养液。置于37℃5%CO2培养箱继续培养48 h。收集细胞,观测脂滴形成状况,测定TAG含量及leptin和PPARγ基因表达量。结果表明:随乙酸浓度的增加,培养的奶牛脂肪前体细胞脂滴形成增多;随乙酸浓度的增加,TAG含量和PPARγ基因表达量均呈显著的线性或二次曲线增加(P<0.05),且以乙酸浓度为10和12 mmol/L时效果较好;一定浓度的乙酸可上调leptin基因表达量,尤以浓度为8、10 mmol/L时上调作用较好。结果提示,乙酸对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞内脂滴的形成、TAG的积累、leptin和PPARγ基因的表达有显著的促进作用。本试验条件下,乙酸浓度为10～12 mmol/L时能较好地促进PPARγ基因的表达,浓度为8～10 mmol/L时能较好地促进leptin基因的表达。