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1.
乳酸菌发酵作为果蔬汁的一种绿色加工技术,不仅可以赋予产品独特的风味,还可以转化其中的活性物质,提高产品的营养价值和保健功效。该研究以湖北杂交枸杞为原料,使用6种乳酸菌(植物乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌及发酵乳杆菌)进行发酵,研究发酵前后枸杞果汁理化特性、主要活性成分及体外抗氧化变化,并利用主成分分析进行综合评价优选出理想的发酵菌株。结果表明,6种乳酸菌在枸杞果汁中生长良好,活菌数均能达到10.0 lg CFU/mL以上。发酵后的枸杞果汁中总糖和还原糖含量显著降低(P0.05),且植物乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌产酸能力更强,发酵后总酸含量达6.74、6.07g/kg。与未发酵枸杞果汁相比,经植物乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌和发酵乳杆菌发酵的枸杞果汁中总酚含量增加了13.76%~28.07%,而嗜酸乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌发酵后无显著性差异(P0.05)。6种乳酸菌发酵后枸杞果汁中总黄酮含量增加了55.80%~161.97%。发酵枸杞果汁的抗氧化活性与发酵前相比均有显著提高(P0.05)。基于主成分分析的综合评价函数显示经植物乳杆菌、发酵乳杆菌发酵的枸杞果汁品质更优,适宜作为开发枸杞高值化绿色加工饮品的发酵剂。  相似文献   
2.
本文应用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对青贮饲料桑中的乳酸、乙酸和丙酸含量测定进行了研究。通过对色谱柱、流动相、流速及样品处理条件进行优化,建立了一种应用HPLC法同时测定青贮饲料桑中乳酸、乙酸和丙酸含量的方法。研究结果表明:乳酸、乙酸和丙酸在一定浓度下具有良好的线性关系,且相关系数R2均大于0.999,加标回收率为98.35% ~ 104.24%,标准品中回收率和精密度试验相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.01%~0.58%,表明该方法准确性较好。3种物质检出限为4.928 ~ 9.489 mg/L,适用于青贮饲料桑中有机酸的定量检测。 [关键词] 高效液相色谱(HPLC)|青贮饲料桑|乳酸|乙酸|丙酸  相似文献   
3.
The effect of organic acids (OA) and dicalcium phosphate (Pi) supplementation in the feed of Labeo rohita fingerlings was studied by formulating seven practical diets, designed as D1 with no feed additives {dicalcium phosphorus (Pi) and organic acid (OA) blend} while, D2, D3, D4 and D5 were supplemented with Pi at the graded levels of 5, 10, 15 and 20 g/kg, respectively, whereas D6 and D7 contained blend of OA at 15 and 30 g/kg, respectively. The diet supplemented with OA blend exhibited increase (p < .05) in growth of L. rohita fingerlings compared with the diet supplemented with Pi. The OA supplementation at both levels showed significant improvement in nutrients digestibility and minerals absorption in fingerlings. Moreover, in case of muscle proximate composition, crude fat (CF) and crude protein (CP) were increased (p < .05) with the inclusion of OA blend in the diet while crude ash (CA) was improved by Pi supplementation. Additionally, digestive enzyme activities were not affected (? .05) by OA blend supplementation while increased activities were observed in the fingerlings fed with Pi diet. Consequently, supplementation of OA blend in the diet improved the growth performance and nutrient status while Pi enhanced digestive enzyme activities of L. rohita fingerlings.  相似文献   
4.
5.
Application of biochar to soil has increased considerably during recent years because of its effectiveness as a soil amendment causing beneficial effects on soil health. However, the effects have been reported to vary and depend upon types of feedstock and pyrolysis conditions during biochar production. Therefore, characterization of biochar is extremely important for its efficient utilization as a soil amendment. In the present study, biochar was prepared from agro-industrial by-products (rice husk and sugarcane bagasse) and weeds (Parthenium and Lantana) under similar pyrolysis conditions. Lantana biochar (LBC) showed the highest pH (10.4) while the lowest value (8.5) being recorded in rice husk biochar (RHBC). The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis indicated that LBC and Parthenium biochar (PBC) were superior with respect to potassium (K) content than sugarcane bagasse biochar (SBBC) and RHBC. The Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) study exhibited the existence of different functional groups in biochar. All the biochar treated soils showed significantly higher microbial activities with different degrees. Application of LBC and PBC at 4.50 g kg?1 soil significantly increased K availability in soil. Lantana biochar and PBC amended the soil at 9 g kg?1 significantly increased the soil pH thus makes these biochar as potential liming materials.  相似文献   
6.
为提升秸秆饲料的品质,通过构建全细胞酿酒酵母纤维素酶,探究全细胞纤维素酶用于秸秆饲料化的应用前景。通过与其他青贮菌剂对比用于秸秆饲料化发酵,比较分析全细胞酿酒酵母纤维素酶在秸秆饲料化中的应用效果。试验发酵条件设置为:发酵温度28℃,发酵时间14 d,真空厌氧发酵。结果表明:与乳酸菌发酵相比,纤维素酶与乳酸菌混合发酵的玉米秸秆铵态氮/总氮比没有明显上升(P>0.05),因此不会造成饲料中的蛋白过量分解;纤维素含量显著下降(P<0.01),相比未发酵秸秆下降15.03个百分点,比乳酸菌发酵效果提高一倍以上,与商用青贮剂发酵效果相当;半纤维素含量相比未发酵秸秆下降2.70个百分点。研究表明酿酒酵母全细胞纤维素酶与乳酸菌混合处理秸秆,可提高纤维素酶酶解效率,有效减低秸秆中纤维素、半纤维素含量,酶解产物可加速乳酸菌发酵进程,全细胞酶可增加秸秆单细胞蛋白含量,实现玉米秸秆发酵效果、营养价值和利用效率的同步提升。  相似文献   
7.
Foal first diarrhoea is one of the most prominent problems in the early life of horses. Probiotics might have the potency to prevent or at least diminish neonatal diarrhoea. We hypothesised that the treatment of foals with probiotic strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Enterococcus faecium starting early after birth and then daily over 2 weeks would prevent or mitigate foal heat diarrhoea. The influence of this probiotic treatment on diarrhoea incidence and growth and health performance of young foals was investigated. Thirty‐four foals were randomly allocated to two groups. From day 1 to 14 of life, the foals received either placebo (PG, n = 16) or the probiotic treatment (TG, n = 18). Clinical examination was performed, and the faeces consistency score (FCS, 1–5; with diarrhoea defined by ≤3) was recorded once per day in weeks 1 and 2 and once weekly in weeks 3–8 of life (WL). The body height was measured at birth and after two and eight WL. Diarrhoea occurred in the 1st WL in 19% and 61% of PG and TG foals respectively. In the 1st WL, diarrhoea lasted 0.3 ± 0.8 and 1.6 ± 1.4 days in PG and TG foals respectively. In the 2nd WL, diarrhoea occurred in 94% and 84% of PG and TG foals, respectively, and lasted for 3.0 ± 1.5 and 3.7 ± 1.6 days respectively. At least two periods of diarrhoea developed in 33% and 65% of PG and TG foals respectively. The TG foals grew slightly slower than the PG foals. The results indicated that the probiotic treatment of neonatal foals as performed in this study was not suitable to reduce diarrhoea within the first two WL, because contrary to the hypothesis, the TG foals suffered more frequently and for longer periods from diarrhoea than the PG foals.  相似文献   
8.
The objectives of the present study were to investigate of GroBiotic®‐A (GBA) on growth, autochthonous intestinal microbiota and haemato‐serological parameters of beluga juvenile. A total of 180 fish (40.82 ± 5.81 g) were fed diets containing graded levels of GBA (0, 5, 10 and 20 g kg?1 diet) for 8 weeks. No significantly differences in body composition, total viable aerobic bacteria, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, albumin, glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase were detected between treatment groups. The fish fed on 10 and 20 g kg?1 GBA significantly showed higher lactic acid bacteria, final weight, body weight increases, weight gain and lower feed conversion ratio compared with the control and 5 g kg?1 groups. The group fed 20 g kg?1 GBA showed a highly significant difference in condition factor, survival rate, final length, total red and white blood cells, lymphocytes, haematocrit, haemoglobin, total protein, total immunoglobulin and lysozyme activity. The specific growth rate of the treatment groups was significantly elevated compared with the control groups. These results indicated that GBA at level 20 g kg?1 improved growth, welfare and survival of beluga juvenile.  相似文献   
9.
旨在过表达Bud C进而上调2,3-丁二醇(2,3-Butanediol,2,3-BD)的合成,通过基因工程手段构建整合载体p R1SW-Bud C,经PCR和酶切双重验证后将其电转化至产酸克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella oxytoca)HD79。结果经卡那霉素筛选,获得一株菌株K.oxytoca HD79-01。以原始菌株为对照,摇瓶发酵检测2,3-BD含量和相关酶活,q RT-PCR检测Bud C表达差异,最终Bud C在HD79-01中转录水平的表达量为HD79的45.25倍(P0.01)。摇瓶发酵显示2,3-BD的最高产量、转化率和生产强度分别提高了24.54%、10.97%、45.08%[分别为30.818±0.003 g/L、0.253±0.013 g/g、0.43±0.01 g/(L·h)],酶活提高了3.61倍(0.563±0.003 U/mg)。因此,2,3-丁二醇脱氢酶基因(Bud C)过表达菌株构建不仅成功的提高了2,3-BD的产量也为实现2,3-BD的工业化生产奠定基础。  相似文献   
10.
【目的】从新疆传统发面面肥中分离筛选出能够抑制黄曲霉菌生长的乳酸菌,为改善和提高青贮饲料品质提供优良菌种。【方法】采用实验室纯培养方法对新疆传统发面面肥样品进行乳酸菌的分离,采用双层平板法筛选对发霉花生、玉米和变质青贮饲料中黄曲霉菌具有抑制作用的乳酸菌,并对其进行生理生化鉴定及同源性分析,构建系统发育树,明确各菌株的分类地位。【结果】从新疆传统发面面肥中分离出12株乳酸菌,通过抑菌试验筛选出F3、F11和F12 3株对黄曲霉菌具有抑制作用的菌株。生理生化试验发现,3株菌株均能在5,10,40和45℃温度条件下生长,在NaCl为3%和6.5%,pH 4~7条件下能良好生长,并且这3株菌均能利用多种碳源。经16SrDNA序列同源性分析,菌株F3与类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus sp.)MD9B2的同源性为100%,菌株F11与屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)V9-156的同源性为100%,菌株F12与乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis)25F1的同源性为100%。【结论】从新疆传统发面面肥中筛选出能够抑制黄曲霉菌的3株乳酸菌,经鉴定分别为类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus sp.)、屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)和乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis)。  相似文献   
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