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1.
An outbreak of a Megalocytivirus infection was found in the golden mandarin fish Siniperca scherzeri during September and October 2016, in Korea. Phylogeny and genetic diversity based on the major capsid protein (MCP) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) genes showed a new strain. Designated as GMIV, this strain derived from the golden mandarin fish was suggested to belong to the red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV)‐subgroup I. Additionally, this train clustered with the ehime‐1 strain from red sea bream Pagrus major in Japan and was distinguished from circulating isolates (RSIV‐type subgroup II and turbot reddish body iridovirus [TRBIV] type) in Korea. The infection level, evaluated by qPCR, ranged from 8.18 × 102 to 7.95 × 106 copies/mg of tissue individually, suggesting that the infected fish were in the disease‐transmitting stage. The diseased fish showed degenerative changes associated with cytomegaly in the spleen as general sign of Megalocytivirus infection. The results confirm that the RSIV‐type Megalocytivirus might have crossed the environmental and species barriers to cause widespread infection in freshwater fish.  相似文献   
2.
褐龙斑是雌性褐石斑鱼(Epinephelus bruneus)和雄性鞍带石斑鱼(E. lanceolatus)杂交产生的子代。作为杂交石斑鱼的新品种,国内外尚没有褐龙斑疾病的报道。2017年7月,某养殖场褐龙斑出现急性死亡,10 d内累积死亡率高达80%。现场调查发现,病鱼外观无明显异常,但反应迟钝,伏底死亡。临床检查和剖检可见脾和肾严重肿大、易碎。组织病理切片观察发现,各组织中存在数量不等的嗜碱性、细胞质均一、直径为10~15 µm的肿大细胞。超薄组织切片中发现,肿大细胞胞质内存在大量直径为130~150 nm的虹彩病毒样颗粒。使用特异性的PCR引物,从病鱼脾、头肾等组织中均检测到真鲷虹彩病毒(Red seabream iridovirus, RSIV)的高强度感染。测定了该病毒主要衣壳蛋白(Major capsid protein, MCP)基因1362 bp的全长编码区,构建了19种(株)虹彩病毒系统发育树,结果显示,该病毒属于虹彩病毒科肿大细胞病毒属RSIV类群。本研究首次描述了褐龙斑虹彩病毒病的组织病理特征,揭示了褐龙斑是RSIV新的敏感宿主,为杂交石斑鱼病毒病的诊断与防治提供了重要的参考依据。  相似文献   
3.
Approximately 8 weeks after a chlorine insult associated with the city water supply, shortnose sturgeon, Acipenser brevirostrum (L.), from one group presented with small (3–4 mm) irregular foci of cutaneous pallor that involved the dorsocranial integument with progressive ulceration of the nascent lesions. Various bacterial organisms were isolated from the cutaneous lesions, but not from the internal viscera. Histologically, the nuclei of the intralesional and perilesional epidermal cells often exhibited margination of the chromatin that resulted in a homogenous, pale, amphophilic, tinctorial quality of the nucleoplasm consistent with a herpesvirus infection. In addition, rare lamellar epithelial cells were prominently enlarged due to an abundant, dense, basophilic cytoplasm characteristic of an iridovirus infection. Inoculation of cutaneous lesion and kidney, spleen, liver sample pools from affected shortnose sturgeon onto white sturgeon spleen (WSS‐2) cell line induced cytopathic effect characterized by syncytia formation. Ultrastructural analysis of infected WSS‐2 cells revealed viral particles with a characteristic herpesvirus morphology. Intranuclear hexagonal capsids had a diameter of 95–108 nm, and enveloped particles present in the cytoplasm of infected cells had a diameter of 176–196 nm. This is the first report of a herpesvirus and a possible iridovirus‐like infection in shortnose sturgeon.  相似文献   
4.
根据Gen Bank中大鲵虹彩病毒主衣壳蛋白MCP(major capsid protein,MCP)基因序列(序列号:KF512820),设计一对特异性引物,以大鲵虹彩病毒贵州分离株基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增大鲵虹彩病毒MCP基因并测序,与Gen Bank中大鲵虹彩病毒MCP基因进行比对,然后将其亚克隆到原核表达载体p ET-32a(+)中,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,经IPTG诱导后进行Western blot分析。结果显示:PCR扩增出长度为1 392 bp的片段,与Gen Bank中大鲵虹彩病毒MCP基因核苷酸序列相似性为99.7%~99.9%,SDSPAGE电泳显示该重组蛋白的相对分子质量约为67×103。免疫原性检测结果表明,该重组蛋白可与兔抗大鲵虹彩病毒阳性血清特异性反应,具有免疫原性。  相似文献   
5.
贾秋红 《河北渔业》2014,(12):41-42
2013年7月,陕西省汉中某大鲵养殖场发生以大鲵体表和四肢多处溃烂并伴有出血为特征的疾病,染病大鲵大量死亡。经临床观察、病理解剖及实验室检测,最后确诊病原为大鲵虹彩病毒。通过采取综合防治措施,养殖场大鲵疫情得到有效控制。  相似文献   
6.
Grouper Epinephelus spp. is one of the most important mariculture fish species in China and South-East Asian countries. The emerging viral diseases, evoked by iridovirus which belongs to genus Megalocytivirus and Ranavirus, have been well characterized in recent years. To date, few data on lymphocystis disease in grouper which caused by lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) were described. Here, a novel LCDV isolate was identified and characterized. Based on the sequence of LCDV major capsid protein (MCP) and DNA polymerase gene, we found that the causative agents from different species of diseased groupers were the same one and herein were uniformly defined as grouper LCDV (GLCDV). Furthermore, H&E staining revealed that the nodules on the skin were composed of giant cells that contained inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm. Numerous virus particles with >210 nm in diameter and with hexagonal profiles were observed in the cytoplasm. In addition, phylogenetic analysis based on four iridovirus core genes, MCP, DNA polymerase, myristoylated membrane protein (MMP) and ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), consistently showed that GLCDV was mostly related to LCDV-C, followed by LCDV-1. Taken together, our data firstly provided the molecular evidence that GLCDV was a novel emerging iridovirus pathogen in grouper culture.  相似文献   
7.
Grouper iridovirus (GIV) belongs to the Ranavirus genus and is one of the most important viral pathogens in grouper, particularly at the fry and fingerling stages. In this study, we identified and characterized the GIV‐2L gene, which encodes a protein of unknown function. GIV‐2L is 1242 bp in length, with a predicted protein mass of 46.2 kDa. It displayed significant identity only with members of the Ranavirus and Iridovirus genera. We produced mouse monoclonal antibodies against the GIV‐2L protein by immunizing mice with GIV‐2L‐His‐tag recombinant protein. By inhibiting de novo protein and DNA synthesis in GIV‐infected cells, we showed that GIV‐2L was a late gene during the viral replication. Finally, immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that GIV‐2L protein accumulated in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of infected cells. These results offer important insights into the pathogenesis of GIV.  相似文献   
8.
大鲵虹彩病毒理化及生物学特性研究   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7  
对大鲵虹彩病毒(Giant salamander iridovirus,GSIV)的理化特性及生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明:GSIV对热处理敏感,56℃和65℃处理30 min均可彻底灭活病毒;GSIV经酸(pH3)和碱(pH10)处理,病毒滴度(TCID50)与对照组相比较分别下降了8.58、9.04个对数级,差异极显著(P<0.01);GSIV经有机溶剂氯仿、乙醚以及胰蛋白酶处理,TCID50与对照组相比较分别下降了9.33、7.83、6.49个对数级,差异极显著(P<0.01)。冻融次数对GSIV滴度的影响不显著(P>0.05)。GSIV对细胞培养物的感染性试验结果表明,GSIV可在鲤上皮瘤细胞系(Epithelioma papilloma cyprini,EPC)、斑点叉尾鮰肾脏细胞系(Channel catfish kidney,CCK)、虹鳟鱼性腺细胞系(Rainbow trout gonadal,RTG-2)等细胞中增殖,但在EPC、CCK细胞中增殖速度快,TCID50高;GSIV在EPC细胞中的最适生长温度是25℃。GSIV在EPC细胞中增殖动态试验结果表明,GSIV感染细胞6 h后TCID50开始快速上升,进入对数增长期,72 h时TCID50达到最大值,以后趋于稳定。GSIV感染EPC细胞超薄切片透射电镜观察结果显示,在EPC细胞质中可见大量虹彩病毒样颗粒,呈晶格状排列,直径约140 nm。  相似文献   
9.
根据大鲵虹彩病毒(Chinese giant salamander iridovirus,GSIV)主要衣壳蛋白(Major Capsid Protein,MCP)基因设计引物,PCR扩增得到MCP基因编码框全长序列1 392 bp,将其克隆到原核表达载体p ET-32a中,构建了重组原核表达载体p ET-32a-MCP,并在大肠杆菌BL21中得到了表达,融合表达的重组蛋白分子量约为70 ku,与预期大小一致,主要以包涵体的形式存在。对IPTG浓度,诱导温度等诱导表达条件进行优化,确定0.5 mmol/L的IPTG于37℃的条件下诱导6 h重组蛋白的表达量最佳。纯化GSIVMCP重组蛋白免疫新西兰大白兔,制备了GSIV-MCP多克隆抗体,ELISA检测抗体效价大于1∶50 000。Western blot检测显示该抗体可以特异性识别重组蛋白。间接荧光免疫结果表明,该多克隆抗体可与由GSIV感染引起细胞病变的EPC细胞(GICB)发生特异性的结合。研究为建立GSIV免疫诊断方法以及为研究GSIV MCP基因编码蛋白的功能奠定了前期基础。  相似文献   
10.
Viruses in three genera of the family Iridoviridae (iridoviruses) affect finfish. Ranaviruses and megalocytiviruses are recently emerged pathogens. Both cause severe systemic disease, occur globally and affect a diversity of hosts. In contrast, lymphocystiviruses cause superficial lesions and rarely cause economic loss. The ranavirus epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV) from Australia was the first iridovirus to cause epizootic mortality in finfish. Like other ranaviruses, it lacks host specificity. A distinct but closely related virus, European catfish virus, occurs in finfish in Europe, while very similar ranaviruses occur in amphibians in Europe, Asia, Australia, North America and South America. These viruses can be distinguished from one another by conserved differences in the sequence of the major capsid protein gene, which informs policies of the World Organisation for Animal Health to minimize transboundary spread of these agents. However, limited epidemiological information and variations in disease expression create difficulties for design of sampling strategies for surveillance. There is still uncertainty surrounding the taxonomy of some putative ranaviruses such as Singapore grouper iridovirus and Santee‐Cooper ranavirus, both of which cause serious disease in fish, and confusion continues with diseases caused by megalocytiviruses. In this review, aspects of the agents and diseases caused by ranaviruses are contrasted with those due to megalocytiviruses to promote accurate diagnosis and characterization of the agents responsible. Ranavirus epizootics in amphibians are also discussed because of possible links with finfish and common anthropogenic mechanisms of spread. The source of the global epizootic of disease caused by systemic iridoviruses in finfish and amphibians is uncertain, but three possibilities are discussed: trade in food fish, trade in ornamental fish, reptiles and amphibians and emergence from unknown reservoir hosts associated with environmental change.  相似文献   
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