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ABSTRACT

  • 1. The increase in microbial resistance, and in particular multiple drug resistance (MDR), is an increasing threat to public health. The uncontrolled use of antibiotics and antibacterial chemotherapeutics in the poultry industry, especially in concentrations too low to cause inhibition, and the occurrence of residues in feed and in the environment play a significant role in the development of resistance among zoonotic food-borne microorganisms.

  • 2. Determining the presence and transmission methods of resistance in bacteria is crucial for tracking and preventing antibiotic resistance. Horizontal transfer of genetic elements responsible for drug resistance is considered to be the main mechanism for the spread of antibiotic resistance.

  • 3. Of the many well-known genetic elements responsible for horizontal gene transfer, integrons are among the most important factors contributing to multiple drug resistance. The mechanism of bacterial drug resistance acquisition through integrons is one of the essential elements of MDR prevention in animal production.

  相似文献   
2.
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Eppendorf, with antigenic formula 1,4,12,[27]:d:1,5, is an infrequent serovar. However, 14% (20 of 142) of the isolates recovered during June–July 2012 in chicken farms in Tunisia belonged to S. Eppendorf. These isolates were analysed for resistance and virulence profiles. None of them were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested, while 70%, 60%, 50%, 50%, 20% and 5% were resistant to sulphonamides (sul1, sul2 and sul3), streptomycin (aadA1‐like), trimethoprim (dfrA1‐like), nalidixic acid (GyrA Asp87→Asn and not identified), gentamicin (not identified) and ampicillin (blaTEM‐1‐like). About 30% of the isolates showed decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and carried the qnrB gene; 65% of the isolates were multidrug resistant and contained class 1 integrons with sul1 or sul3 in the 3′ conserved segment. The orgA, ssaQ, mgtC, siiD and sopB virulence genes located on SPI1 to SPI5 and the fimbrial bcfC gene were present in all isolates; the sopE1 and sodC1 carried by prophages were variably detected; however, the prophage gipA gene and the spvC gene of serovar‐specific virulence plasmids were absent. Altogether, ten resistance and three virulence profiles were identified. Typing of the isolates with XbaI‐ and BlnI‐PFGE supports a close relationship, although they appear to be evolving under selective pressure probably caused by antimicrobial use in chicken husbandry. As far as we know, this is the first study investigating the molecular bases of antimicrobial drug resistance, the virulence gene content and the PFGE profiles of S. Eppendorf. The epidemiological surveillance of this serovar would be necessary to evaluate its possible impact on human health, particularly in Tunisia and other African countries where it was already reported.  相似文献   
3.
李健  赵姝  王元  马立才  刘旭  房文红 《水产学报》2018,42(8):1299-1306
通过检测从海水养殖中分离的对氟苯尼考低敏感弧菌菌株中常见酰胺醇耐药基因的携带情况,来分析外排泵抑制剂对弧菌酰胺醇耐药性的影响,旨在研究主动外排机制在我国海水养殖源弧菌耐药中的作用。本研究从前期分离的海水养殖源弧菌中挑选出41株对氟苯尼考低敏感的菌株,运用琼脂稀释法测定了这些菌株对酰胺醇类药物(氯霉素和氟苯尼考)的敏感性;利用PCR方法检测了这些菌株的酰胺醇外排泵耐药基因和整合子的携带情况,包括外排泵基因floR、cmlA、pexA、fexA、fexB和optrA,以及Int1、SXT和ISCR1整合子相关基因;同时研究4种外排泵抑制剂对弧菌氯霉素、氟苯尼考最小抑菌浓度(MIC)的影响,利用琼脂稀释法检测41株弧菌分别加入甲基吡咯烷酮(N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone,NMP)、利血平(reserpine)、羰基氰氯苯腙(carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone,CCCP)和苯丙氨酸-精氨酸-β萘酰胺(Phe-Arg-β-naphthylamide,PAβN)4种外排泵抑制剂前后对氯霉素和氟苯尼考的MIC值的变化情况。副溶血弧菌(14株)、溶藻弧菌(17株)、哈维氏弧菌(8株)、创伤弧菌(2株)共41株氟苯尼考低敏感弧菌敏感度检测结果显示,氟苯尼考耐药菌株39株、氯霉素耐药菌株11株。41株氟苯尼考低敏感弧菌菌株中,酰胺醇类外排泵基因floR检出率为100%,而cmlA的检出率仅为17.1%,其他4个外排泵基因均未检出;整合子相关基因Int1、SXT和ISCR1的检出率分别为46.3%(19/41)、46.3%(19/41)和63.4%(26/41)。41株弧菌中,添加NMP、利血平、CCCP和PAβN后,分别有0株、2株、10株和2株弧菌为氯霉素外排阳性菌;分别有1株、1株、15株和3株弧菌为氟苯尼考外排阳性菌。研究表明,CCCP被验证可以作为有效治疗酰胺醇类药物耐药弧菌的外排泵抑制剂。  相似文献   
4.
For the sustainable farming of tilapia, proper maintenance of their health and adequate treatment for infections at appropriate time are inevitable. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics in aquaculture, as a part of treatment and as growth promoters, accelerates antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among the fish pathogens. In the present study, we have isolated diverse aeromonads from Nile tilapia and studied their antibiogram and plasmid profiling. Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas veronii, Aeromonas sobria, Aeromonas dhakensis, Aeromonas caviae, Aeromonas jandaei and Aeromonas aquatica were isolated from infected tilapia (n = 150), and their Shannon wiener diversity index was calculated as 1.926. A. veronii was found to be the most multiple antibiotic‐resistant pathogen with the MAR index of 0.46, and A. aquatica was noticed as the least resistant isolate. The minimum inhibitory concentration of resistant antibiotics was shown as >256 mcg/ml for most of the isolates. The virulent genes such as aerolysin and hemolysin were identified in all the isolates except A. aquatica. The detection of class 1 integrons, plasmid profiling and plasmid curing studies confirmed that AMR exhibited by most of the Aeromonas species is of plasmid mediated. This challenges the risk of wide spread of AMR among the pathogens and subsequent treatment of the infection.  相似文献   
5.
丰景  卢江 《热带作物学报》2018,39(8):1673-1681
开花是植物从营养生长向生殖生长转变的重要时期,而开花调控成为近年来植物分子生物学研究的热点。拟南芥中存在多条调控开花的信号途径如光周期途径、春化途径、赤霉素途径和自主途径等。目前,在葡萄中已经发现了许多葡萄花发育相关的重要基因,是拟南芥花发育相关基因的同源基因,并且绝大多数基因具有与拟南芥相似的功能。本文综述了开花相关基因在葡萄开花时间、花发育过程以及其他过程中的功能,以期为葡萄成花机制的深入研究提供一些参考。  相似文献   
6.
对白颈长尾雉圈养条件下的38个样品进行大肠杆菌分离及PCR检定,并采用肠杆菌基因间重复共有序列PCR指纹法(ERIC)剔除各个样品的重叠分离株,检测获得的170个大肠杆菌分离株对9种抗生素的耐药性、Ⅰ型整合子携带率及其可变区抗性基因,结果显示:(1)来自白颈长尾雉的分离株对实验用的9种抗生素的抗性比率和多重耐药性远高于环境源和人源者(来自白颈长尾雉的分离株100%耐受3种及以下的抗生素,而环境源者为50.7%,人源者66.7%);(2)来自白颈长尾雉的分离株的Ⅰ型整合子携带率(92%)高于环境源(87%)和人源(78%);(3)来自白颈长尾雉和来自人的大肠杆菌分离株的Ⅰ型整合子可变区抗生素抗性基因检出率相同(36%),但高于环境源(24%);(4)携带Ⅰ型整合子的分离株对实验用的抗生素的抗性百分率一般高于不携带者,只有个别种类抗生素这种差异为非显著性差异;(5)Ⅰ型整合子可变区基因盒的基因为3类,即aadA、dfrA和未知功能的orfF;aadA、dfrA的频率相同;3类基因均以基因盒形式存在,分别是dfrA17-aadA5、dfrA12-ofrF-aadA2、dfrA12-aadA2。  相似文献   
7.
基因盒-整合子系统介导的细菌多重耐药性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
细菌多重耐药性的传播和扩散变得越来越严重,给临床治疗带来诸多困难,使得抗菌药物在兽医临床上的应用引起很大的争议。细菌可通过多种方式逃避抗菌药物的治疗,最主要的是从外源获得耐药基因,基因盒-整合子系统是近年来的研究热点,细菌通过整合子系统捕获外来的耐药基因,并在位于整合子上游的启动子的作用下得到表达,使细菌具有耐药及多重耐药性。本文主要对基因盒-整合子系统的耐药机制进行探讨。  相似文献   
8.
为鉴定从临床病料中分离的两株细菌(XL株、XT株)的种属、致病性及耐药性等生物学特征,本研究对分离菌进行了纯化、革兰氏染色、迁徙生长试验、16S rDNA的序列比对、小鼠致病试验、药敏试验以及耐药基因Ⅰ类整合子的扩增。结果表明:两株细菌均为奇异变形杆菌;与NCBI登录的猪源奇异变形杆菌的16S rDNA的同源性高达99.9%~100%;两株细菌致病性均很强;两株细菌均存在多重耐药,仅有丁胺卡那对它们高敏;两株细菌均能扩增出Ⅰ类整合子。该研究结果为进一步研究变形杆菌的耐药性提供了科学依据。  相似文献   
9.
This study determined the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli isolates from dogs with a presumptive diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI). Urine samples from 201 dogs with UTI diagnosed through clinical examination and urinalysis were processed for isolation of Escherichia coli. Colonies from pure cultures were identified by biochemical reactions (n=114) and were tested for susceptibility to 18 antimicrobials. The two most frequent antimicrobials showing resistance in Urinary E. coli isolates were oxytetracycline and ampicillin. Among the resistant isolates, 17 resistance patterns were observed, with 12 patterns involving multidrug resistance (MDR). Of the 69 tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates, tet(B) was the predominant resistance determinant and was detected in 50.9% of the isolates, whereas the remaining 25.5% isolates carried the tet(A) determinant. Most ampicillin and/or amoxicillin-resistant E. coli isolates carried blaTEM-1 genes. Class 1 integrons were prevalent (28.9%) and contained previously described gene cassettes that are implicated primarily in resistance to aminoglycosides and trimethoprim (dfrA1, dfrA17-aadA5). Of the 44 quinolone-resistant E. coli isolates, 38 were resistant to nalidixic acid, and 6 were resistant to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin. Chromosomal point mutations were found in the GyrA (Ser83Leu) and ParC (Ser80Ile) genes. Furthermore, the aminoglycoside resistance gene aacC2, the chloramphenicol resistant gene cmlA and the florfenicol resistant gene floR were also identified. This study revealed an alarming rate of antimicrobial resistance among E. coli isolates from dogs with UTIs.  相似文献   
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