Establishing bacterial infectivity models in striped Catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage) with Edwardsiella ictaluri

A bacterial infectivity challenge model of Edwardsiella ictaluri in striped catfish was developed. All experiments were conducted using a bacterial isolate of E. ictaluri that had been recovered during a natural outbreak of bacillary necrosis of Pangasianodon (BNP) in farmed striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus in Vietnam. Time of immersion in 10⁷ CFU.ml⁻¹ had a significant effect on mortality. The immersion bacterial dose of 10⁷ CFU/ml for 30 s resulted in a cumulative percentage mortality of 63%. Three to four days post-bacterial challenge, fish showed gross clinical signs of natural BNP and E. ictaluri was recovered and identified from these fish. Moreover, a cohabitation challenge was evaluated as an alternative challenge method, although the mortalities among the infected fish were lower at around 15%–40%. This study confirmed the horizontal transmission of E. ictaluri in striped catfish and elucidated that cohabitation challenge could be used in reproducing the disease under controlled conditions.     

Evaluating the use of garlic (Allium sativum) for the remedy of Cryptocaryon irritans in guppies (Poecilia reticulata)

Garlic (Allium sativum) has been shown to possess antimicrobial properties against a range of disease‐causing agents, including fish parasites. Our study aimed to investigate the potential use of garlic as a treatment against Cryptocaryon irritans infection, using guppies (Poecilia reticulata) as the fish model. Garlic was freeze‐dried, powdered, and used as it is or as an aqueous extract. The content of allicin, its main active ingredient, was 1.25 mg/g in garlic powder and 0.82 mg/ml in the aqueous extract, as determined by HPLC analysis. Aqueous garlic extract fully immobilized C. irritans theronts and protomonts within 20 and 40 min, respectively, following exposure to 5 µl/ml. Treatment trials were performed, in which infected fish were fed with garlic powder‐supplemented feeds (5%, 10%, or 20% supplementation), bathed in garlic aqueous extract (250 or 500 µl/L) and subjected to a combined treatment which included both feeding and bathing. Results revealed that the tested treatments failed to cure the infection, though reduction in infection intensity on the caudal fin, but not on the gills, was evident following dietary supplementation with 20% of powdered garlic in one of the trials.     

单壁碳纳米管载嗜水气单胞菌外膜蛋白亚单位疫苗的研制及免疫效果评价

为了筛选细菌的疫苗候选蛋白,本实验根据课题组前期的研究,挑选了2个嗜水气单胞菌外膜蛋白(A0KLQ6和A0KH89),以A0KHR9(OmpAII)为对照,通过比较外膜蛋白与碳纳米管载外膜蛋白通过腹腔注射与浸泡免疫模式,比较和评价斑马鱼的免疫反应与免疫保护效果。结果显示,腹腔注射组和浸泡组与普通蛋白组对比,碳纳米管载蛋白能够显著提高斑马鱼免疫相关基因表达量。腹腔注射组在5μg剂量下免疫A0KHR9、A0KLQ6和A0KH89蛋白分别获得61.60%、 65.39%和84.96%相对免疫保护率(relative immune protection rate,RPS),在5μg剂量下免疫碳纳米管载蛋白SWCNTs-A0KHR9、SWCNTsA0KLQ6和SWCNTs-A0KH89分别获得68.10%、77.50%和90.43%的RPSs。浸泡组在40 mg/L剂量下免疫A0KHR9、A0KLQ6和A0KH89蛋白分别获得30.80%、25.85%和37.80%的RPSs,在40 mg/L最高剂量下免疫碳纳米管载蛋白疫苗SWCNTs-A0KHR9、SWCNTsA0KLQ6和SWCNTs-A0KH89分别获得63.60%、73.74%和68.49%的RPSs。研究表明,铁离子限制下嗜水气单胞菌外膜蛋白A0KLQ6和A0KH89等能够作为抗嗜水气单胞菌的亚单位疫苗候选蛋白,而单壁碳纳米管载蛋白通过注射免疫与浸泡免疫均能显著提升免疫疗效,是一种疫苗的适宜纳米载体。以上研究为寻找高效的嗜水气单胞菌亚单位疫苗候选蛋白及佐剂提供了理论依据。     

液氮冷媒介质对速冻饺子冻裂率的影响

研究饺子新型冻结技术,探索液氮速冻工艺对调理食品品质的作用规律。该文以饺子为研究对象,和面水面质量比、皮馅质量比、面粉品质、馅料配比、产品规格、冻结时间、冻结方式、冻结介质等诸多因素对饺子冻裂率都有重要影响。该试验以猪肉、香菇、大豆组织蛋白为饺子馅主要原料,研究了和面时的水面质量比、面团的静置时间、皮馅比、饺子在液氮池中的沉浸时间对饺子冻裂率的影响。结果表明:以上四因素对饺子的冻裂率都有不同程度的影响。和面水面质量比为56∶100、面团静置时间在10 min、皮馅质量比在1∶1.3、液氮池沉浸时间为40 s,制作好的饺子在立即速冻后的冻裂率为37%,感官评定得分为77.6。该研究为液氮沉浸速冻工艺在调理食品的应用提供了一定的理论参考。     

Macro and Micro Mineral Levels in the Tissues of Menhaden Fish

Various tissues of menhaden fish were analyzed for macro and micro minerals. Tissues selected were gill, heart, intestine, kidney, liver, muscle, spleen, and stomach. Phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sodium, manganese, and zinc were found to be most concentrated in the gill. Potassium, iron, and boron were least concentrated in the gill. Liver contained the highest concentration of copper, selenium and boron. The stomach was the highest in potassium and lowest in phosphorus. Sodium and selenium concentrations were lowest in the muscle. Mercury concentrations were approximately 2 mg/g dry matter in all tissues     

利用间歇浸没式生物反应器进行果蔗组培快繁

以果蔗(Badila)茎尖脱毒组培苗为材料,利用间歇浸没式生物反应器(Temporary immersion bioreactors TIBs)进行组培快繁的技术体系的研究。结果表明:(1)使用TIBs系统进行甘蔗组织培养一代增殖较传统方法高出10倍以上;(2)TIBs系统以第4代继代材料为宜;(3)接种密度在10～15株/L培养基最有利于甘蔗组培苗的增殖和生长;(4)TIBs系统中6-BA浓度为0.5～1.0mg/L时适合于增殖培养,NAA浓度为4mg/L时有利于根的诱导;(5)浸没间歇频率在1min/3h时增殖和生长表现较为优异,1min/6h时有利于根的诱导和根的生长。     

Ability of salmon growth hormone to accelerate somatic growth of juvenil abalone Haliotis discus hannai

ABSTRACT:   The ability of salmon growth hormone (sGH) to accelerate the somatic growth of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai by immersion was examined. After immersion for one hour into a sGH-rich solution at a concentration of 30 mg/L, the sGH immunoreactivity in the body fluid of abalone was maximal after one day, and levels were still detectable at two days. No immunoreactivity was observed in the control group. Following immersion for one hour at one or two-week intervals for 120 weeks into the sGH-rich solution at 30 mg/L, the sGH-immersed abalone exhibited a significant increase in shell length and body weight. On the other hand, abalone immersed into a salmon prolactin (sPRL)-rich solution at 30 mg/L for one hour showed a lower increase in both shell length and body weight than the sGH-immersed abalone. No increases in shell length and body weight were observed in either the bovine serum albumin-immersed abalone or untreated controls. These results provide evidence that sGH can be transported from ambient water into the circulatory system of abalone, and can subsequently improve the somatic growth of juveniles.     

不同浸提处理后竹材的防霉性能

研究了冷水、热水、苯 醇、苯 乙醚、10 g.kg-1盐酸(HCl)和10 g.kg-1氢氧化钠溶液(NaOH)浸提处理后毛竹Phyllostachys pubescens的霉变性能。结果表明:①经10 g.kg-1HCl浸提的竹片防木霉Trichoderma viride,橘青霉Penicillium citrinum和黑曲霉Aspergillus niger效果最佳,接种1个月后试样平均被害值均为0。②经10 g.kg-1NaOH浸提的竹片对木霉、橘青霉有较好的防霉效果。经10 g.kg-1NaOH浸提的竹片如不经过水洗,接种1个月后试样平均被害值均为0;而经过水洗后防霉效果有不同程度下降,对木霉和橘青霉而言,处理后试样平均被害值分别为1.58和0.35。经10 g.kg-1NaOH浸提的竹片对于黑曲霉的防治效果不佳,10 g.kg-1NaOH浸提后的竹片水洗前后对黑曲霉的试样平均被害值分别为1.82和2.79。③经冷水、热水、苯 醇、苯 乙醚浸提竹片的防霉效果均不佳,7 d以后试样平均被害值均已达到3.00以上,主要原因在于不同溶液浸提出的竹材内含物成分和数量不同。图3表2参12     

平原水库利用排渗减压技术预防库外农田浸没

由于黄泛区平原水库坝基一般为软弱透水地基,坝基经过防渗处理后,坝基渗透稳定,渗漏量得到有效控制,但坝基不可避免的还有一定数量的渗漏量,下游坝址外尚保留一定的剩余水头,渗水如果不及时排走,会导致区域地下水位升高,造成库外农田浸没。笔者以山东聊城发电厂新厂引黄调蓄水库为依托,阐述平原水库如何用排渗沟和减压井联合排渗减压技术防止库外浸没和土地盐碱化。减压井和排渗沟联合排渗减压是降低地下水位、防止库外浸没的有效措施。     

Evaluation of the link between gyrodactylosis and streptococcosis of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.)

Streptococcus iniae and Gyrodactylus niloticus are two common pathogens of cultured Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. We studied concurrent infection of tilapia by G. niloticus and S. iniae and evaluated whether parasitism in tilapia with Gyrodactylus increased susceptibility and mortality following immersion infection with S. iniae. Results showed that death mainly occurred in fish with G. niloticus and challenged with S. iniae (G-S group). The accumulative mortality (42.2%) was significantly higher in the G-S group than in fish not infected by the parasite (6.7%), but exposed to S. iniae. Bacteriological examination revealed S. iniae from > or =92% of dead or moribund fish challenged with S. iniae. Gyrodactylus not only damaged fish epithelium and provided entry for invasive bacteria but also was found to harbour viable cells of S. iniae for 24 and 72 h. Streptococcus iniae was isolated from 60% and 40% of G. niloticus collected from fish infected by intraperitoneal injection or immersion, respectively, at 24 h post-challenge. The present study confirms that parasitism of tilapia by G. niloticus increased host mortality following exposure to the bacterial pathogen S. iniae.