Liver of the fish Gymnotus inaequilabiatus and nematode larvae infection: Histochemical features and expression of proliferative cell nuclear antigen

Histopathological lesions due to third‐larval stage of nematode Brevimulticaecum sp. within the liver of a subpopulation of 31 Gymnotus inaequilabiatus from the Pantanal Region (Brazil) were studied with histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. In 93.5% of fish, livers harboured nematode larvae and the intensity of infection ranged from 8 to 293. In livers with highest number of larvae, the hepatic tissue was occupied primarily by the nematodes. Each larva was encircled by focal inflammatory granulomatous reaction. Within the thickness of the granuloma, three concentric layers were recognized: an inner layer of densely packed epithelioid cells, a middle layer of mast cells (MCs) entrapped in a thin fibroblast‐connective mesh and an outer layer of fibrous connective tissue with fibroblasts. Epithelioid cells and fibroblasts within the thickness of the granuloma wall were positive for proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Moreover, several hepatocytes in infected liver were immunoreactive to PCNA. Occurrence of rodlet cells and MCs in parenchyma, in close proximity to the encysted nematode larvae and near the blood vessel of infected liver, was observed. Macrophage aggregates (MAs) were numerous within the granulomas and scattered in parenchyma of the infected liver. High quantity of haemosiderin was encountered in MAs and hepatocytes of infected liver.     

Histology and histochemistry of the major salivary glands in the southern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor)

This study aimed to investigate the major salivary glands in the southern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor) histologically and histochemically. Five adult males were included in this study. The results showed that anatomically the shape of the parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands of the Erinaceus concolor was respectively almost pear, elliptical to pyramidal and oval. Histologically, the parotid gland had serous acini and secretory cells showed negative reaction to alcian blue (AB) (pH = 2.5) and negative response to aldehyde fuchsin (AF), methylene blue (MB) and PAS stains. The submandibular gland was a mixed gland of mucous and serous acini. The mucous acini were strongly positive for PAS, AB, MB and AF. However, serous acini were week for PAS and negative against AB, MB and AF stains. The sublingual gland was purely composed of mucous acini. The mucous acini of the sublingual gland were strongly positives for PAS, AB and MB methods. While their reaction to the AF staining was negative. In conclusion, the histological and histochemical observations of the major salivary glands of the southern white-breasted hedgehog (E. concolor) indicated that these glands shown similarities and some special different histochemical features as compared to other mammalian species.     

Histology of witches' brooms on Betula pubescens

Witches' brooms caused by Taphrina betulina on Betula pubescens formed from the development of large numbers of axillary shoots on infected buds. Broom shoots showed vigorous growth during the first season, but died in the second or third year after initiation. Occasional adventitious root production was noted at the base of broom shoots. Cortex and secondary phloem tissues of the central gall-like structure of the brooms expanded. The bark of infected material lacked brachysclereids, and tangential ray parenchyma of the secondary phloem were also absent. Numerous shoot bases and aborted axillary buds were present within the bark. Abundant starch granules were present, especially in the phellogen and phelloderm layers. Distortion of the internal lignified tissues was due to the presence of multiple vascular connections from the proliferation of shoots on the broom.     

茶树品种利川红不定根的解剖和屏障结构时空发育特征研究

对茶树品种利川红[Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Ktze.cv.Lichuanhong]不定根的解剖和屏障结构时空发育特征采用不同组织化学染色方法,在光学和荧光显微镜下观察形态结构。结果表明,利川红不定根初生结构由表皮、皮层和维管柱组成,皮层有内、外皮层分化,维管柱由初生木质部和初生韧皮部组成。次生结构由次生维管组织和木栓层组成,次生维管组织结构由次生木质部和次生韧皮部组成,以次生木质部为主。利川红不定根初生结构的屏障结构由外侧的具凯氏带、木质化和栓质化的表皮与外皮层组成,内侧为凯氏带和栓质化,微弱木质化的内皮层组成。次生结构的屏障结构为栓质化和木质化的木栓层。利川红不定根屏障结构具有适应旱生环境的特征,并可调节根尖的水与离子运输,对根系具有保护作用。     

驼背鲈消化系统组织学与组织化学研究

采用形态解剖、组织学及组织化学方法,分别用HE和AB-PAS染色法对驼背鲈(Cromileptes altivelis)的消化系统进行了研究。结果表明:驼背鲈食道内表面分布较多宽大的粘膜褶;胃分为贲门部、盲囊部和幽门部,贲门部胃小凹和胃腺最多,盲囊部厚度最大;前、中、后肠粘膜褶丰富,后肠粘液细胞密度最大;幽门与前肠交界处有幽门盲囊10~13个,结构与前肠相似。食道,胃,前、中、后肠及幽门盲囊均以分泌中性粘多糖的Ⅱ型粘液细胞为主。驼背鲈消化系统的结构表现出与其肉食性习性相适应的特点。     

浸泡免疫迟钝爱德华氏菌疫苗诱导牙鲆黏液细胞的动态变化

为探明鱼类黏膜相关淋巴组织中黏液细胞对疫苗免疫的应答特性,本研究利用组织学和组织化学技术,研究了浸泡免疫灭活迟钝爱德华氏菌前后牙鲆皮肤、鳃、前肠、中肠和后肠中黏液细胞数量和特性的时序变化。苏木精-曙红(HE)、阿尔新蓝-过碘酸雪夫氏(AB-PAS)染色结果显示,免疫前皮肤主要分布含中性黏多糖的Ⅰ型黏液细胞以及含中性黏多糖和少量酸性黏多糖的Ⅲ型黏液细胞,鳃中可观察到Ⅰ、Ⅲ型以及含酸性黏多糖和少量中性黏多糖的Ⅳ型黏液细胞,前肠中主要分布Ⅰ型黏液细胞,中肠、后肠上皮中可观察到Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型和含酸性黏多糖的Ⅱ型黏液细胞。免疫后,牙鲆黏膜免疫相关淋巴组织中黏液细胞总量随时间呈现先增多后减少趋势,后肠在第5天达到峰值,其他于第3天达到峰值;免疫后各组织中Ⅰ型黏液细胞数量减少,含酸性黏多糖成分的Ⅱ、Ⅲ及Ⅳ型黏液细胞数量显著增多,表明疫苗免疫诱导黏液细胞成分由中性黏多糖向酸性黏多糖转变。p H 2.5和p H 1.0条件下AB染色结果显示,免疫后黏膜相关淋巴组织中酸性黏液细胞数量增多,且多数为硫酸化酸性黏液细胞。本研究结果为鱼类黏液的免疫防御功能及黏液细胞在鱼类黏膜免疫中的作用提供了理论依据。     

日粮中缺硒对鸡空肠肥大细胞组织化学和超微结构的影响

为探讨硒缺乏对鸡空肠中肥大细胞(MC)的形态学和超微结构的影响,将10只鸡随机分成低硒试验组(饲喂低硒日粮0.032 mg/kg)和正常对照组,在75日龄时断头处死立即取出空肠,进行甲苯胺蓝、长时间甲苯胺蓝、阿利新蓝-藏花红染色、阿利新蓝-高碘雪夫氏反应和醛品红-阿利新蓝5种染色并进行透射电镜观察.结果显示,采用不同染色方法所获得的MC数量、大小、形态、颜色及颗粒的黏多糖成分均不相同.电镜下,MC细胞胞浆内充盈大量的特征性颗粒,颗粒内容物呈均质状,电子密度高低不等,核圆形或椭圆形,胞质中可见高尔基复合体和较多的线粒体;试验组可见MC数量显著增加并与变性细胞紧密相邻,异染色质增多,核偏位或固缩,胞质稀疏,同时可见MC内颗粒内容物释放后的空隙或空泡.因此,组化染色提示肥大细胞存在不同亚型;试验组MC数量明显增加,这提示MC是重要的免疫细胞之一,在机体的免疫调节中发挥着重要的作用.     

鸡淋巴器官中肥大细胞异质性的研究

应用常规甲苯胺蓝（ＲＴＢ）、长时间甲苯胺蓝（ＬＴＢ）、阿利新蓝－藏花红（ＡＢ－Ｓ）、醛品红－阿利新蓝（ＡＦ－ＡＢ）、阿利新蓝－高碘酸雪夫氏反应（ＡＢ－ＰＡＳ）等组化染色法证实，在鸡胸腺、脾脏、腔上囊等淋巴器官的实质中存在大量的肥大细胞，不同器官中的肥大细胞各有其分布特点，并且在形态大小、异染性、颗粒的粘多糖成分、染色特性等方面具有异质性，表明鸡淋巴器官中的肥大细胞可能存在不同的亚型     

日本鳗鲡消化道肥大细胞组织化学的研究

研究日本鳗鲡（Anguilla Japonica）消化道组织中的肥大细胞组织化学性质，观察肥大细胞胞浆颗粒的异质性。采用改良甲苯胺蓝（MTB）、阿利新蓝-沙黄O（AB／SO）、甲基绿-派洛宁（MG—P）、和天青Ⅱ-伊红-瑞氏混合液等4种组化染色法。用阿利新蓝-沙黄O染色法显示日本鳗鲡消化道的肥大细胞效果较好；甲基绿-派洛宁（MG—P）、和天青Ⅱ-伊红-瑞氏混合液染色效果一般，被染的肥大细胞数量很少；改良甲苯胺蓝甚至观察不到肥大细胞。日本鳗鲡肥大细胞数量不多，主要分布于食管、胃和肠道等部位黏膜层的黏膜上皮下方、固有层结缔组织，少量分布在黏膜下层结缔组织，并且有沿血管周围分布的特点；肥大细胞体积小，且多呈圆形、椭圆形、梭形及不规则形。AB／SO染色法效果最好，适用于日本鳗鲡肥大细胞的鉴定；改良甲苯胺蓝染色法不适合于日本鳗鲡肥大细胞的鉴定。     

中华绒螯蟹性腺发育的形态学、组织学和组织化学变化

以组织学、组织化学方法研究了中华绒螯蟹后期的性别分化过程。结果表明，中华绒螯蟹雌雄个体在此过程中形态学变化差异显著，雌蟹最宽腹节由第一节逐渐向第五节转变，雄蟹则始终为第三节；雄蟹最长腹节长与背甲长的比率随背甲的增大而减小，而雌蟹则相反，其形态上的差异可作为区分幼蟹性别的直观依据。卵巢从发生到成熟，其颜色由透明、白色、浅咖啡色、豆沙色至深豆沙色转变；精巢的发生则早于卵巢，当卵巢仅为原始生殖细胞团时，精巢已初步具有完整的形态，并且精子出现的时间早于成熟期初级卵母细胞。组织化学研究表明，在精子发生和成熟期卵母细胞形成过程中，都存在多糖类物质积累的过程，同时卵母细胞还进行蛋白质的积累，并且蛋白质的积累早于多糖类物质的积累。