IP3敏感的钙离子通透性通道参与茉莉酸诱导的钙动员

以低温导入法将钙离子荧光探针Fluo-3/AM导入拟南芥叶片细胞中，利用LAS AF（Leica Application Suite-Advanced Fluorescence）软件记录肝素对茉莉酸（JA）诱导的胞内钙离子荧光强度的变化。结果显示，经不同浓度的肝素预处理后，拟南芥叶细胞中胞内钙离子的荧光强度降低，再用100 μmol/L JA处理时，其荧光强度升高，但仅与未经肝素处理的荧光强度相当。实验证明，肝素预处理可抑制JA诱导的胞内钙离子浓度的升高。     

Chitosan-Genipin Microspheres for the Controlled Release of Drugs: Clarithromycin,Tramadol and Heparin

The aim of this study was to first evaluate whether the chitosan hydrochloride-genipin crosslinking reaction is influenced by factors such as time, and polymer/genipin concentration, and second, to develop crosslinked drug loaded microspheres to improve the control over drug release. Once the crosslinking process was characterized as a function of the factors mentioned above, drug loaded hydrochloride chitosan microspheres with different degrees of crosslinking were obtained. Microspheres were characterized in terms of size, morphology, drug content, surface charge and capacity to control in vitro drug release. Clarithromycin, tramadol hydrochloride, and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) were used as model drugs. The obtained particles were spherical, positively charged, with a diameter of 1–10 μm. X-Ray diffraction showed that there was an interaction of genipin and each drug with chitosan in the microspheres. In relation to the release profiles, a higher degree of crosslinking led to more control of drug release in the case of clarithromycin and tramadol. For these drugs, optimal release profiles were obtained for microspheres crosslinked with 1 mM genipin at 50 ºC for 5 h and with 5 mM genipin at 50 ºC for 5 h, respectively. In LMWH microspheres, the best release profile corresponded to 0.5 mM genipin, 50 ºC, 5 h. In conclusion, genipin showed to be eligible as a chemical-crosslinking agent delaying the outflow of drugs from the microspheres. However, more studies in vitro and in vivo must be carried out to determine adequate crosslinking conditions for different drugs.     

Research Progress on Cellular Receptors of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) enters the host cells via a mechanism of receptor-mediated endocytosis. The entry mechanism is mediated by attachment to one or more cellular receptors and/or coreceptor on the cell surface and internalization. This article mainly describes several receptors for PRRSV. As far, it is reported five receptors of PRRSV which are independent and associated, heparin sulphate (HS), sialoadhesin (Sn),vimentin, CD163 and non-muscle myosinⅡA. It plays a significant role for the mechanism of PRRSV infection or disease prevention and treatment by studying the function of cellular receptors of PRRSV.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒细胞受体研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)是引起猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)的病原,对PRRSV细胞受体的研究将有助于揭示PRRSV的感染途径、复制过程、致病机理和疫病预防及控制等一系列问题,细胞受体的研究已经成为目前PRRSV研究中的重要领域。论文从硫酸乙酰肝素受体、唾液酸黏附素受体、CD163分子、波形蛋白等方面综述了PRRSV细胞受体研究进展。     

星斑川鲽血浆与血清生化指标的比较分析

通过采集星斑川鲽(Platichthys stellatus)血浆和血清样品,检测并比较其7项生化指标的异同。结果显示:谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、甘油三脂(TG)及总蛋白(TP)含量无显著性差异(P>0.05),而二者总胆固醇(T-CHO)和血糖(GLU)含量差异显著(P<0.05)。相关性分析结果表明,7项生化指标检测血清与血浆间存在高度相关性(0.9380.05),表明星斑川鲽部分血液指标受个体大小的影响,因此在对星斑川鲽的血液学诊断及营养水平对其血液学指标影响的考察中,应充分考虑鱼体大小的影响。     

Evaluation of low-molecular-weight heparin for the prevention of equine laminitis after colic surgery

Objectives – The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of postoperative laminitis in colic cases and to determine if low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is effective in preventing this complication.
Design – Retrospective clinical study.
Animals – Client-owned horses.
Interventions – SC administration of enoxaparin during the postoperative period.
Measurements and Main Results – Medical records of 360 horses undergoing surgery for colic and surviving at least 3 days were evaluated. Fifty-six horses admitted before 1995 did not receive LMWH (control group) and 304 admitted after 1995 received LMWH as a prophylaxis for laminitis (treatment group). Three grades of severity were defined for laminitis. Prevalence and severity of laminitis were compared between the 2 groups. Several parameters recorded on admission (sex, age, breed, site and nature of the disease, heart rate, PCV, gravity score, and shock score) and the administration of LMWH were tested as risk factors in the development of laminitis in a logistic regression procedure. Prevalence and grade of laminitis were significantly lower in the treatment group. Only the absence of LMWH was recognized as a significant risk factor in the logistic regression model.
Conclusions – The administration of LMWH appears to be effective in the prophylaxis of laminitis following colic surgery and may be useful in the postoperative management of these horses.     

In vitro heparinization of canine whole blood with low molecular weight heparin (dalteparin) significantly and dose‐dependently prolongs heparinase‐modified tissue factor‐activated thromboelastography parameters and prothrombinase‐induced clotting time

Background: Low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH) is being used increasingly in veterinary medicine for both treatment and prophylaxis of thromboembolic disease, but no predictable patient‐side method exists to monitor its effect. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate thromboelastography (TEG) and prothombinase‐induced clotting time (PiCT) assays for detecting hemostatic alterations following in vitro heparinization of canine whole blood with dalteparin (Fragmin). Methods: Citrated whole‐blood samples were collected from 7 clinically healthy dogs. Dalteparin was added at concentrations of 0, 0.156, 0.625, 1.25, and 2.5 U/mL of whole blood. TEG was performed using heparinase cups with tissue factor (TF, 1:50,000) and kaolin as activators. Reaction time (R), clotting time (K), angle (α), and maximum amplitude (MA) were recorded. PiCT and anti‐FXa activity were measured in plasma. Results: With TF, increasing concentrations of dalteparin significantly prolonged R and K and significantly decreased α and MA. K, α, and MA ratios were significantly different from baseline at all dalteparin concentrations and R was significantly different from baseline at concentrations of 0.625, 1.25, and 2.5 U/mL. With kaolin, only R was significantly different from baseline at dalteparin concentrations of 0.625 and 2.5 U/mL. PiCT detected dalteparin concentrations ≤ 0.625 U/mL, with a good linear correlation (r²=.96, P<.0001). Conclusion: These results suggest that TF‐activated TEG and PiCT assays should be further evaluated as promising new methods for evaluating the effect of LMWH, using doses in the recommended clinical range and prospective clinical studies.