Effects of Destruxin A on Hemocytes Morphology of Bombyx mori

Destruxin A (DA), a kind of cyclo-hexadepsipeptide isolated from entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae, is an inhibitor of insect’s immunity. But its mechanism has not been clarified yet. In this study, the effects of DA on morphologic changes of in vivo and in vitro hemocytes of silkworm, Bombyx mori, were investigated by means of inverted phase contrast microscopy (IPCM), fluorescence microscopy (FCM) and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). The results indicated that DA was cytotoxic to granulohemocytes (GR) and plasmatocytes (PL). The LC 50 values of DA against in vitro GR and PL of silkworm were 68.77 and 84.11 μg mL-1, respectively. However, the hemocytes in vivo were more susceptible to DA, although at the extremely low dose of 10 μL of 12.5 μg mL-1 for each insect (i.e., 0.036 μg g-1 body weight, or approximately 0.25 μg mL-1 hemolymph), DA could induce obviously morphologic alterations of hemocytes in vivo. The results imply that there might be some factors in silkworm’s hemolymph, which influence the interaction of DA and hemocytes.     

除草剂炔草酯对家蚕血细胞DNA损伤的研究

以食下毒叶法对2龄、4龄和5龄家蚕进行炔草酯添毒处理,采用彗星试验检测血细胞DNA损伤情况,用CASP软件分析彗星图像,并计算彗星拖尾率、头部和尾部DNA百分含量、彗星尾长、尾矩和Olive尾矩.结果显示,不同浓度(30、60、120、240、480 mg.L-1)炔草酯处理组的家蚕血细胞彗星图呈明显的彗星状.2龄、4龄和5龄家蚕的最高添加剂量组的彗星细胞率分别为阴性对照组的8.3倍、5.3倍和6.0倍,彗星尾长分别为阴性对照组的10.8倍、9.5倍和6.6倍,彗星尾矩分别为阴性对照组的96.7倍、86.8倍和22.5倍;2龄、4龄和5龄家蚕血细胞的彗星Olive尾矩与受试药物剂量间有明显的剂量一效应关系;120、240、480 mg·L-1 3剂量处理组的血细胞彗星Olive尾矩,2龄、4龄家蚕和5龄差异显著(P<0.01).除草剂炔草酯对家蚕血细胞DNA具有不同程度的损伤作用,其损伤作用大小为低龄家蚕大于高龄家蚕,其中2龄家蚕相对较敏感.     

Cellular Defence Reaction of American Cockroach , Periplaneta americana to Metarhizium anisopliae Isolate CQMa102

Injection of conidia solution of Metarhizium anisopliae isolate CQMa102 into the hemocoel of Periplaneta americana caused significant changes of the total hemocytes of the cockroach. P. americana eliminated large amount of the spores efficiently by phagocytosis and nodulation.The experiment shows that the immune system of the cockroach was hardly injured after injected with high dose spores, and the higher dose of spores was injected,the higher mortality of the insect was. However, low dose injection strengthened the immune ability of the insect in certain degree. The saline slightly induced the immune reaction of the insect.     

鳞翅目昆虫血细胞鉴定与分离纯化的几种方法

昆虫的细胞免疫包括吞噬作用和包囊作用,要分析哪些血细胞参与其中的作用,就必须能准确鉴定血细胞的种类并将其予以分离、纯化。本文就鳞翅目Lepidoptera昆虫血细胞的鉴定与分离纯化的几种方法进行了简单的介绍。     

背角无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana)血细胞的分类

用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜对背角无齿蚌血细胞进行观察.结果发现,体长6～12cm的背角无齿蚌血细胞浓度为(2.42±0.38)×106/mL.根据细胞质内颗粒出现情况,将该蚌血细胞分为两大类,即颗粒细胞和无颗粒细胞.颗粒细胞明显的特征是细胞质中存在许多颗粒,无颗粒细胞的特征是细胞质中不含有或含有少量颗粒.根据颗粒细胞的体积和胞质内颗粒的大小还可以将其分为大颗粒细胞和小颗粒细胞(分别占4.28%和59.28%).根据无颗粒细胞的大小和核质比的不同将其分为透明细胞和淋巴样细胞(分别占27.74%与8.70%).4种类型的血细胞对Wrights染料有不同的亲和性,大颗粒细胞表现为嗜酸性,小颗粒细胞与透明细胞均呈现嗜酸性和嗜碱性两种,淋巴样细胞表现为嗜碱性.     

厚壳贻贝血细胞颗粒的蛋白质组学分析

贝类的血细胞在宿主的免疫防御机制中发挥着重要的作用。文章利用线性离子阱-四级杆质谱对厚壳贻贝（Mytilus coruscus）血细胞的颗粒蛋白质组分进行了Shotgun分析,结合Mascot数据库搜索,共鉴定了125种高丰度蛋白,其中包括细胞骨架蛋白、细胞粘附蛋白、精氨酸激酶和代谢相关酶类等。此结果为深入了解厚壳贻贝血细胞颗粒的蛋白组成、贻贝免疫分子标记的筛选及其免疫机制奠定了基础。     

Protective effect of melatonin administration on abamectin-induced immunotoxicity in Spodoptera litura (Insecta: Lepidoptera)

In vertebrates, many studies verified the immunomodulatory effect of melatonin in various tissues. Its exact role in lower organisms like insects has been very sketchy. The present study deals with understanding the immunomodulatory effect of melatonin in pesticide exposed insects. Total hemocyte count, Differential hemocyte count, Prophenoloxidase activity, and nodulation mechanism at different time intervals were studied. Results showed the abamectin results in significant increase (p < 0.01) in haemocytes numbers at 6, 48, and 72 h. Abamectin toxicity was counteracted by melatonin, with decreasing the hemocytes at 2, 4, and 12 h. Prophenoloxidase activity and protein content (p < 0.001) at 48 and 72 h of Melatonin + abamectin were slightly decreased. There was a significant decrease in nodule formation in 12–24 h in melatonin treated groups and it was clearly visible at 6 h. Increased Prohemocytes, Plasmatocytes, and Oenocytoids numbers decline in melatonin treatment. Melatonin treatment increased the survival rate on pesticide exposed insects. Results suggest that melatonin exposure significantly reduces the toxicity in pesticide exposed larvae which in turn brings back immunological profile in a time dependent manner.     

金银花尺蠖幼虫血细胞形态观察

运用Wright' s-Giemsa's染色和光学显微镜对金银花尺蠖(Heterolocha jinyinhuaphaga Chu.)幼虫血细胞的形态进行观察,发现金银花尺蠖幼虫血淋巴中有原血胞、浆血胞、粒血胞、珠血胞、类绛血胞和囊血胞6种类型的血细胞.     

中国对虾血细胞吞噬活动中超氧阴离子（O↓（2）↑（-））的产生

用Zymosan A对中国对虾（Penaeus chinensis）血细胞进行体外刺激,用NBT还原法测定血细胞吞噬活动中产生O2^-的过程。结果表明,中国对虾血细胞在经刺激诱导的吞噬活动中有明显的呼吸爆发和O2^-的产生;不同浓度的Zymosan A对血细胞产生O2^-的影响不同。Zymosan A在0.25-1.0mg/ml对随质量浓度的增加,产生O2^-的量也增加,但当Zymosan A质量浓度继续增加到1.5和2.0mg/mL时,产生O2^-的量反而下降。用同一浓度的Zymosan A对不同密度血细胞进行刺激产生O2^-的强度也不同,随着密度的增加,血细胞产生O2^-的量增加。SOD、NEM和碘代乙酰胺（Iodoacetamide）对血细胞吞噬过程中O2^-的产生有抑制作用;Hg^2 、Cr^3 、Pb^2 、Cu^2 和Zn^2 5种重金属离子也能抑制血细胞产生O2^-;不同个体的中国对虾血细胞产生O2^-的能力不同。NBT还原法测定中国对虾血细胞吞噬时产生的O2^-可以作为检测对虾免疫状态的指标。     

克氏原螯虾的血淋巴细胞原代培养

取克氏原螯虾（ Ｐｒｏｃａｍｂａｒｕｓ ｃｌａｒｋｉｉ） 血淋巴液, 与抗凝剂混匀后离心, 去上清, 用含１５ ％ 犊牛血清及１００ Ｕ／ｍＬ青霉素、１００ μｇ／ｍＬ 链霉素的Ｌ １５ 培养液悬浮血淋巴细胞, 移至培养瓶, （２８ ±１） ℃培养。细胞于１２ ｈ 内贴壁, 形态不一, 可见透明细胞、小颗粒细胞及大颗粒细胞３ 种类型, 多数不分裂, 可维持１５ ｄ 以上。上述方法重复至少２５ 次, 结果稳定