有益生防菌包衣处理不同油菜品种种子对菌核病发病率及产量的影响研究

油菜菌核病是油菜上的重要病害之一，在四川局部地区油菜根肿病时有发生，严重威胁到油菜安全生产。以油菜菌核病和根肿病为防治对象，与华中农业大学合作，利用其筛选的有益生防菌，选择双低和高芥酸油菜品种国豪油8号和绵油309，对其种子进行包衣处理，分别在无和有根肿病史的水旱轮作地，开展田间试验。试验结果表明：有益生防菌包衣处理的菌核病发病率均低于没有包衣处理；包衣处理的不同品种产量均高于没有包衣处理，但品种间有差异；包衣处理过的高芥酸油菜品种绵油309的产量高于包衣处理过的双低油菜品种国豪油8号；在有根肿病史试验田种植的菌核病发病率低于无根肿病史试验田，产量高于无根肿病史试验田。包衣处理对油菜根肿病的防治效果不显著。     

不同鸭品种在“稻鸭共作”系统中的行为学差异及对水稻产量的影响

为探究鸭在稻田间的运动规律，揭示不同鸭品种在田间的行为学差异以及对水稻产量的影响。本研究选取稻鸭共作试验田9块（766 m2/块），按225只/hm2分别放入役用鸭（绿头野鸭♂?金定鸭♀）、金定鸭、白改鸭等3个鸭品种，通过视频监控系统，采用连续观察法记录鸭在每天的5:00—20:00时间段内在田间的游动、休息、采食等行为的发生时间和持续时间，连续观察5天。经观察发现，鸭田间活动高峰一般是在早上5:00—7:00，8:00—11:00以及15:00—18:00等时间段，役用鸭和金定鸭每天的活动时间分别为324.50 min(36.06%)，315.75 min(35.08%)，极显著高于白改鸭264.50 min (29.39%) (P＜0.01)。采用役用鸭、金定鸭、白改鸭进行稻鸭共作后，水稻产量分别比对照组提高了22.75%，20.14%和10.89%。水稻产量构成因素与鸭游动时间相关性分析发现，结实率、理论产量与游动时间呈极显著正相关(r=0.959，P＜0.01；r=0.858，P＜0.01)，千粒重、实际产量与游动时间呈显著正相关(r=0.627，P＜0.05；r=0.767，P＜0.05)。研究结果表明：役用鸭对水稻的增产效果最好，且发现游动时间可作为影响稻鸭共作水稻产量的重要评价指标。该研究结果为稻鸭共作鸭品种的筛选以及稻鸭共作系统水稻产量的提升提供了重要的参考数据。     

石塘镇牛品改工作现状及整改措施

据笔者在石塘镇水产畜牧兽医站工作十余年,本文对石塘镇牛品改工作存在的问题及整改措施进行了分析,只有剖析与解决了制约牛品改工作发展的不利因素,才能促进石塘镇牛品改工作的顺利发展,提高广大养殖户的经济收入。     

兴安落叶松天然优良林分改造为母树林的研究初报

该研究采用疏伐及其它促进结实的技术措施,探讨母树林合理密度和结构。结果表明,25～30年生兴安落叶松第1次巯伐合理密度为300株/ha;结实量比对照区提高6～14倍;出种率提高2.65％～3.16％;发芽率提高4.40％～9.86％;病虫危害率降低1.77％～5.77％。环状剥皮的结实率为90％;单株结实量提高60％。     

云南松单板类人造板材良种选育的研究

以云南松优良群体为选择基础,以优株为选择对象,在评出的优良产地内选择了石屏牛达、龙朋,双柏鄂嘉、雨龙,云龙天池、大栗树,禄丰樟木箐等天然优良林分,在林分内按优树标准开展了优良个体选择.共选择表型较好的优株205株,分株开展了多点年度间的表型测定.以3～4年生优树子代的生长量及优树的纹理通直度、木材密度,松脂含量作为选择性状,经对各性状的遗传力和权重值等进行综合选择,评选出了牛达39号、13号、28号、18号、3号,龙朋6号、5号、2号,双柏鄂嘉3号、17号,双柏雨龙12号,腾冲古永9号,贡山8号,云龙1号等32个符合单板类人造板材良种要求的优良单株.它们的树高增长率79.0%～13.3%,实际增益30.63%,遗传增益16.85%,其中有21个家系的木材密度提高了5.59%,松脂含量为对照的82.4%,树干通直度达97.6%.评选出的这些优株已进行了保存和利用.     

潮汕地区的杨梅及其优良品种

潮汕地区的杨梅品种繁多，同种异名、同名异种等问题突出。作者以其果实、果核、叶子的特征、特性和经济价值为依据，把潮汕山区的杨梅分为4类11个品种和3个野生种，并建议乌酥梅、酥核梅、凹蒂乌酥梅和青蒂梅这4个主要品种可在生产上推广栽培。     

The scope for reconciling public good and private forestry in the United Kingdom

The nature of private forestry in the UK as an economic activity is changing, with increasing ‘public good’ demands being placed on forest owners, with or without compensation from government. Although the motives for owning woodland are weakly researched, it is evident that amenity and recreational interests rather than formal productive economic activity are a major force in influencing woodland purchase and may well be a dominant force in woodland management over many parts of the UK. Recent research suggests a need for recognition of the high value of the public goods and, in particular, recognition of their high levels of spatial variability, whilst recognising that the public good — private good dualism is an oversimplification of the actual situation. New policy instruments are currently being implemented in various parts of the UK by devolved governments, and their capacity to both remediate market failure and address the needs of forest owners is considered. Their voluntary character and the preferences of forest owners may seriously constrain the optimal delivery of public goods. Further, existing policy instruments may be seen as insufficiently geographically targeted to areas where the greatest social benefits could be anticipated from policy-induced improvements in public good values.     

柘树属一新变种——金脉柘树

在泰山发现自然生长的全株叶片沿叶脉银白或金黄色的柘树,经嫁接和组织培养的子代植株或再生芽均保持原有形态特性,其为柘树属一新品种(变种)。     

Effectiveness of Protected Area Governance in the Conservation of Mt. Marsabit Forest Ecosystem,Kenya

ABSTRACT

Protected area systems (PAs) have the potential to conserve natural resources and provide social and economic benefits to local communities. Establishing and maintaining good governance and associated mechanisms is necessary for adaptive management of PAs. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the relationships between various stakeholders and the effectiveness of PA governance of Mt. Marsabit forest ecosystem in Kenya. We used social network analysis (SNA) to assess the interactions between actors, and factor analysis to analyze the effectiveness of governance criteria. Governance of Mt. Marsabit forest ecosystem was complex with a multiplicity of stakeholders from diverse interests. Governance was moderately effective (61%) with positive indicators including the regulatory framework, delineation of areas under conservation, and reduction in poaching. The low level of interactions and associations among stakeholders suggest a weakness in the networks that may negatively affect the flow of information and other resources. This weakness was attributed to a lack of institutionalization of the links leading to poor coordination of processes. Local communities were inadequately represented in the governance of this PA despite being important actors. Our study finds that local ownership and strong linkages between actors are important ingredients for effective governance of PAs.     

松滋高效林业经营模式分类及优良类型划分

对松滋17种高效林业经营模式采用系统聚类分析方法，建立组—类型两级分类系统，确立集约经营（经济林型）、速生丰产林、农用林业、庭园林业经济4种经营类型，并对综合效益指标值作相关分析，为林业生产经营细分类提供理论依据。