3种植物生长调节剂对坛紫菜自由丝状体生长与光合色素含量的影响

采用单因素分析法,比较研究了添加3种外源植物生长调节剂(吲哚乙酸IAA、2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸2,4-D、激动素KT)对野生型坛紫菜(Pyropia haitanensis)自由丝状体生长及光合色素含量的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,低浓度的IAA(0.5~4.0 mg·L~(-1))和KT(0.5~2.0 mg·L~(-1))对藻体的特定生长率有显著影响,以2.0 mg·L~(-1)IAA和1.0 mg·L~(-1)KT对藻体的促生长效应最大,培养25 d时藻体鲜重增加最大,分别是对照组的1.90倍和1.52倍(P0.05)。高浓度的IAA(6.0~10.0 mg·L~(-1))和KT(4.0~10.0 mg·L~(-1))却会抑制藻体生长(P0.05)。培养25 d时,与对照组相比,2.0 mg·L~(-1)IAA和1.0 mg·L~(-1)KT均有利于叶绿素a(Chl a)和类胡萝卜素(Car)的合成,Chl a含量分别增加了23.7%和23.8%;Car含量分别增加了31.0%和28.6%(P0.05)。然而,高浓度的IAA和KT(6.0、10.0 mg·L~(-1))不利于Chl a的合成,其处理浓度越高,Chl a含量下降越多。与对照组相比,较低浓度的IAA(1.0~2.0 mg·L~(-1))明显促进藻红蛋白(PE)和藻蓝蛋白(PC)合成,其中2.0 mg·L~(-1)IAA处理组PE、PC含量最高,分别增加了59.1%和45.7%(P0.05)。较低浓度的KT(0.5~2.0 mg·L~(-1))均有利于PE、PC合成,其中0.5 mg·L~(-1)KT处理组的PE、PC含量增加最多,分别提高了48.4%和50.5%(P0.05)。高浓度的IAA(6.0、10.0 mg·L~(-1))和KT(10.0 mg·L~(-1))则明显降低了PE、PC合成(P0.05)。2,4-D对藻体的特定生长率和光合色素合成无显著影响(P0.05)。     

唐山“三岛”海域小型底栖动物丰度的研究

于2013年5月,8月和10月份对唐山"三岛"海域12个不同站位小型底栖动物进行调查采样。共鉴定出自由生活海洋线虫、桡足类、多毛类、枝角类、端足类、介形类、涡虫类、轮虫类、双壳类及等足类10个类群。最优势类群是线虫,每个站位所占比例基本大于95%,平均丰度大约735.2ind/10cm2。其他类群各站位所占比例不同,且都较小。结果表明,小型底栖动物各类群所占比例随月份的变化并没明显变化;不同月份,各类群的丰度有所变化,其中5月份丰度较高,10月次之,8月份丰度最低。     

连作年限对番茄根围土壤根结线虫二龄幼虫与自由生活线虫数量的影响

 保护地连作是根结线虫为害严重的主要原因,为评估连作年限对根结线虫数量及其与土壤线虫数量关系,选择典型的不同连作时间的保护地(种植番茄),研究番茄生长期间根围土壤不同土层的根结线虫二龄幼虫(second-stage juveniles,J2)与自由生活线虫数量的动态变化。结果表明:根结线虫J2数量随连作年限增加而增多,0和5-year土壤中根结线虫数量少,平均根结线虫数为1.1和2.1条/100g干土,8、10和12-year土壤中根结线虫数量平均值分别为154.9、68.3和861.8条/100g干土;在0~30cm土层,根结线虫J2数量随土层加深而增加,主要分布在20~30cm土层。土壤自由生活线虫数量随土层的增加而增多,连作对自由生活线虫数量无显著影响。0和5-year土壤中根结线虫群体占土壤线虫总数的比例小,属稀有类群,在土壤线虫中处于稳定的群落结构状态。连作8、10和12-year的土壤中根结线虫J2为优势类群,土壤中自由生活线虫数量与根结线虫数量呈现相反的趋势,根结线虫J2占土壤线虫总数的比例增加,自由生活线虫与根结线虫J2数量的比值显著降低(P<0.05)。     

生态因子对条斑紫菜自由丝状体生长的影响

报道了生态因子对条斑紫菜自由丝状体生长的影响，结果表明，条斑紫菜自由丝状体生长的最适宜盐度范围为２０￣３０，低于１０的盐度不能生长，最适宜温度范围为１５℃￣２５℃，高限为３０℃，适宜光辐射照度１５μＥｍ％－２Ｓ＾－１￣６０μＥｍ＾２Ｓ＾－１，添加的适宜Ｎ浓度２０ｇ／ｍ＾３￣６０ｇ／ｍ＾３，Ｐ为１．５ｇ／ｍ＾３￣５ｇ／ｍ＾３。     

坛紫菜自由丝状体对无机碳的利用

Free-living Porphyra haitanensis conchocelis was cultured under continual light,then it was treated with Van,DIDS and SITS,the inhibitors of inorganic carbon utilization,to study the mechanism of inorganic carbon utilization in the conchocelis.The results indicate that Van inhibits the utilization of inorganic carbon most,with a rate of 71.3%,and the rates of DIDS and SITS are relatively lower,42% and 35.5% respectively.The inhibition rate of Az is 25.3%,which indicates the external CA is not an important part of its inorganic carbon uptake.A complementary conclusion is that the main part of inorganic carbon absorption in P.haitanensis conchocelis is through active transport of HCO3^- and CO2.     

坛紫菜自由丝状体移植育苗的初步研究

为建立有效的坛紫菜自由丝状体移植育苗技术,以坛紫菜的2个选育品系"申福1号"和"申福2号"及野生型品系为实验对象,初步研究了自由丝状体的移植量、移植后培养的光密度和温度对贝壳丝状体的生长和壳孢子放散量的影响,结果如下:当自由丝状体移植量为50～500 mg/m2,随着移植量的增加,贝壳丝状体的藻落数显著增加,但移植量如果超过100 mg/m2,贝壳丝状体的壳孢子放散量反而减少。培养光密度在10～50μmol photons/(m2.s)范围内,随着光密度的增加,贝壳丝状体的生长速度明显增快,但壳孢子的放散量却随着光密度的提高而减少。培养温度在15～25℃范围内,随着温度的升高,贝壳丝状体的生长明显加快;在15～20℃范围内,壳孢子放散量随着培养温度的升高而增加,在20～25℃范围内,壳孢子放散量反而随着培养温度的升高而减少。上述结果表明,在坛紫菜自由丝状体移植育苗中,过大的丝状体移植量、过高的培养温度和光密度均会导致贝壳丝状体的壳孢子放散量减少。     

Integrated management reduces Globodera rostochiensis abundance and enhances nematode community composition

The potato cyst nematode is a major threat to potato production worldwide. In the highlands of Veracruz State, Mexico, potato cultivation has been the main economic activity during the last seven decades, and it is severely affected by the high abundance of Globodera rostochiensis. In this study, the field efficacy of chemical nematicides, nematophagous fungi, crop rotation and the combination of the latter two strategies were assessed on G. rostochiensis abundance while also considering their effects on the free-living nematode community. Integrated management combining the use of nematophagous fungi and crop rotation was the most effective strategy for decreasing the abundance of G. rostochiensis (up to 13%). Additionally, high diversity, low disturbance, and a slightly higher structure were observed in the nematode community in the integrated management treatment. Although nematophagous fungi and crop rotation separately were less effective in reducing G. rostochiensis abundance (41% and 23%, respectively), the free-living nematode community was not drastically affected. Chemical control was not only less effective in reducing the abundance of G. rostochiensis (up to 37%) but also affected the free-living nematode community to a greater extent. Our results suggest integrated management not only reduces G. rostochiensis abundance but also enhances free-living nematode community.