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1.
A 9‐week feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary bile acids (BAs) on juvenile genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) (Oreochromis niloticus) based on the evaluations of growth performance and parameters relevant to lipid metabolism. Each of five vegetable protein‐based diets containing BAs at a level of 0, 0.05, 0.15, 0.45 or 1.35 g/kg diet was fed to three replicates with 40 fish (8.2 g per fish). The results showed that weight gain (WG) increased significantly with the increase in BAs from 0 to 0.15 g/kg diet and then decreased significantly at a higher BA supplementation. Dietary BAs significantly reduced the crude lipid content in the whole body, muscle and liver tissue of GIFT. Fish fed diet with 1.35 g BAs/kg diet developed serious nuclear migration and vacuolization in hepatocytes. Gall bladder appeared to contain white solid and has fragile capsules. Dietary BA supplementation had significant effects on serum biochemical indices and activities of lipid metabolism enzymes in liver and intestine. In conclusion, dietary bile acid supplementation (0.15 g/kg) can facilitate the lipid metabolism and therefore promote the growth of tilapia. However, overdosed dietary BAs induced gallstone development, disrupted lipid metabolism and depressed the growth performances of GIFT.  相似文献   
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Advancements in gene technology in recent years have been driving the aquaculture industry forward. Improvements in growth performance, feed efficiency, and omega‐3 content are goals of the industry that could capitalize on applications of genetic engineering. One of the major challenges in the industry is to reduce the use of fish meal and oil, to improve the environmental and economic sustainability of aquaculture. The recent development of genetically engineered feed ingredients is one potential solution to the looming problem of fish meal and oil dependency. Furthermore, the development of transgenic fish has potential to improve production efficiency and other future desirable characteristics that relate to feed utilization and product quality. New gene technologies are beginning to revolutionize how we produce our food, and in aquaculture, will ultimately reduce pressure on wild fish stocks, help to preserve natural aquatic ecosystems, and improve nutritional profiles of farmed fish for human consumption. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the current applications of genetic engineering technology to improve aquaculture through nutrition, including the development and use of transgenic feed ingredients, transgenic fish, and ultimately their impacts on nutrition, product quality, and consumers.  相似文献   
4.
[目的]评价不同吉富罗非鱼群体的遗传多样性,筛选出鉴别不同群体的分子标记,为吉富罗非鱼种质资源保护及其新品种选育提供理论依据.[方法]对48尾来自两个不同群体的吉富罗非鱼进行尾静脉采血,抽提其基因组DNA,应用微卫星标记技术判定其等位基因和基因型,然后采用GenAlEx 6.2、Cervus 3.0和Populations软件进行数据分析,计算有效等位基因数(Ne)等群体遗传多样性相关参数,对两个吉富罗非鱼群体进行遗传差异分析.[结果]从50对微卫星引物中筛选出23对扩增产物稳定、条带清晰、特异性好的引物,扩增出的DNA片段大小在110~388 bp.利用23个微卫星位点,从两个吉富罗非鱼群体中共检测到89个等位基因和163种基因型,平均每个位点的等位基因数(Na)3.8个、基因型7.1种.两个吉富罗非鱼群体的平均观察杂合度(Ho)分别为0.6383和0.5957,平均期望杂合度(He)分别为0.5759和0.5559;23个位点在两个群体中平均多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0.5131和0.4942,平均固定系数(FIS)分别为-0.1184和-0.0718;两个群体间的遗传距离(DA)为0.1287,平均遗传分化系数(FST)为0.135.UNH911、GM141、GM287、GM134等4个位点在两个群体中扩增的条带存在明显差异.[结论]两个吉富罗非鱼群体遗传多样性水平较高,均存在杂合子过剩现象,群体间遗传分化程度中等,具有较强的环境适应能力,且选育空间大.UNH911、GM141、GM287、GM134等4个微卫星位点可作为鉴别两个吉富罗非鱼群体的分子标记,也可用于分子标记辅助育种研究.  相似文献   
5.
饲料脂质对养殖鱼类品质的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目前,高脂饲料在鱼类养殖中的应用已越来越广泛。然而,目前全球每年鱼油产量虽然基本恒定,但水产饲料中鱼油的需求量却在持续上升,到2010年,鱼油的使用量将超出产量的70%。鱼油的有限供给和过量消耗,以及其中可能积蓄的二噁英和多氯联苯,使鱼类养殖业迫切需要采用其他脂肪源来代替饲料中的鱼油。然而,高脂饲料或用其他脂肪源替代饲料中的鱼油不仅影响养殖鱼  相似文献   
6.
The sea louse (Caligus rogercresseyi) is the most significant parasitic pathogen in Chilean salmon farms, and it infects farmed salmon and native host fish. Fecundity is one of the most important parameters for understanding the population dynamics of a species; however, this information is scarce for this parasite. The fecundity of C. rogercresseyi females collected from native hosts (Eleginops maclovinus) captured near salmon farms in southern Chile was measured to evaluate the reproductive output of this parasite on this host fish. From June 2008 to May 2009, 212 specimens of E. maclovinus were examined. Each fish was measured, and all its parasites were collected, sorted and counted. Seventy‐nine ovigerous C. rogercresseyi females (OFs) were measured. Total body length, egg string length and total number of eggs per string were recorded for each parasite. Ovigerous females body length varied between 3.9 and 5.0 mm. Fecundity varied between 12 and 56 eggs string?1, and it was correlated with OF body length. Temporal variations in OF fecundity were explained by co‐variation in OF body length, but not by month. Ovigerous females on E. maclovinus were smaller and showed lower fecundity than OFs on farmed salmon. Our results suggest that native hosts play a secondary role in C. rogercresseyi egg production in Codigue bay.  相似文献   
7.
探讨了以植物生物反应器开发利用抗菌肽类物质防治水产动物病害的效果和机理。以携带中国明对虾抗菌肽—对虾素3-2的转基因水稻米糠制作罗非鱼饲料,研究其对饲料腐败和吉富罗非鱼嗜水气单胞菌肠炎的抑制效果。通过测定米糠和饲料中的霉菌总数、细菌总数,发现水稻中表达的对虾素3-2能有效抑制饲料中的霉菌与细菌的繁殖,对于保持饲料品质具有显著的效果。选取规格一致、体质健壮的吉富罗非鱼,随机分成5组,每组3个重复,分别投喂含20%非转基因米糠的饲料与含不同质量比(10%、20%、30%)的转基因米糠的饲料。通过嗜水气单胞菌攻毒保护实验,结果发现,转基因米糠对罗非鱼嗜水气单胞菌肠炎具有显著的保护效果。对吉富罗非鱼的肠道主要微生物数量、中肠石蜡切片的进一步分析发现,摄食转基因米糠饲料组的罗非鱼肠道内大肠杆菌比例降低,乳酸菌比例提高,肠道微绒毛的结构完整性显著改善。由此推断抗菌肽转基因水稻的防病效果可能与肠道微生物的改变和对肠道结构的保护作用有关。但是石蜡切片发现过量添加转基因米糠(30%)也会导致吉富罗非鱼肠道上皮细胞损伤。  相似文献   
8.
The main objectives of the study were to (a) assess the effect of perimortem stress on blood drainage, (b) compare the efficiency of gill cutting and direct gutting as bleeding methods, and (c) compare pre- and postrigor filleting strategies for presence of residual blood in Atlantic cod fillets. Anesthetized cod had significantly higher drainage of blood compared to stressed fish. Nevertheless, the visual assessments of residual blood were not affected by stress or bleeding method. Some minor, but significant, differences between pre- and postrigor fillets were found. Stressed fish were initially less light in color than those unstressed, but after ice storage there was no noticeable difference. However, initially, the largest difference in fillet color was due to different bleeding methods. Fillets cut from fish subjected to gill cutting were lighter and less red in color than those bled by direct gutting. After 7 and 21 days of storage, the color differences observed in fresh and salted fillets, respectively, were mainly due to the different rigor status when they were filleted, indicating that fillets cut postrigor were superior to fillets cut prerigor. Prerigor filleting resulted in lower water holding capacity after ice storage in anesthetized, direct gutted cod.  相似文献   
9.
Seven samples, each consisting of approximately 50 Atlantic salmon, were collected from five marine farms in Norway. These farms reported to rear fish originating from the same commercial breed; however, all samples followed a unique route of production from breeder to marine farm via egg, fry and smolt producers. A group of farmed escapees (n=50) were also captured. Following genotyping with 18 microsatellite loci, the global FST was 0.083, and pair‐wise values were as high as 0.158. Four clusters, with varying degrees of genetic differentiation, were identified among samples from the farms, and the source of the escapees was identified successfully. It is suggested that the genetic differences observed among samples from the farms were created through the process of genetic drift, facilitated by parallel sub‐strains, extensive within‐strain selection and low to moderate numbers of adults contributing to batches of eggs. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that genetic identification of escaped Atlantic salmon, back to the farm of origin, may be possible even when farms rear fish reported to originate from a single breeder.  相似文献   
10.
Abstract –  Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen ( δ 13C and δ 15N) were examined in wild and aquaculture origin Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar , to evaluate their utility to identify escaped farmed fish. Samples of muscle tissue obtained from wild Conne River, Newfoundland, salmon were significantly more enriched in nitrogen ( δ 15N: mean = 12.75; SD ± 0.38‰) but depleted in lipid corrected carbon ( δ 13C': mean = −20.51; SD ± 0.23‰) by comparison with aquaculture specimens obtained from Bay d'Espoir, Newfoundland ( δ 15N = 10.96 ± 0.19‰;  δ 13C' = −19.25 ± 0.17‰) resulting in a complete separation of the two groups. Aquaculture specimens differed in δ 13C' from analyses of commercial salmon diet by 0.24‰, within the enrichment range associated with trophic transfers, while the δ 15N values in salmon muscle were enriched by 5.01‰. Although differences occurred in direct comparisons of white muscle and adipose tissue ( N  = 49), the average δ 13C' and δ 15N signatures varied in absolute amounts by only 0.5‰, supporting the use of adipose tissue as a nonlethal means to determine isotopic signatures of Atlantic salmon.  相似文献   
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