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1.
将超微五倍子、白头翁、地榆、柯子、虎杖粉碎后过160目筛,按照料液比1∶10将药粉与60%的乙醇水溶液混合,再用超声波粉碎机超声1 h,用滤纸过滤收集滤液,置于多样品平行蒸发仪中浓缩后制得中药提取物。用吸取0.2 mL抗凝剂的无菌注射器自尼罗罗非鱼尾静脉采血0.5 mL,与L-15细胞培养基按体积比1∶9的比例混合成血浆,与中草药提取液单用、联用共孵育,利用氮蓝四唑还原法和流式细胞仪技术分别测定中草药提取液对尼罗罗非鱼外周血白细胞呼吸爆发活性和白细胞吞噬活性的影响。试验结果显示,五倍子、白头翁、地榆、柯子、虎杖单用均能显著提高白细胞氧呼吸爆发活性,呼吸爆发增加率分别为128.68%、123.96%、28.37%、44.44%和78.93%;试验组白细胞吞噬率分别较对照组增加44.04%、44.66%、95.00%、10.35%和64.93%。在两味中药双联用试验中,对白细胞氧呼吸爆发活性呈协同作用的组合为白头翁+地榆,呼吸爆发联用指数为1.28;对白细胞吞噬活性呈协同作用的组合为白头翁+虎杖、柯子+虎杖、五倍子+虎杖和白头翁+柯子,吞噬联用指数分别为11.45、6.20、3.03和1.06。  相似文献   
2.
An 18‐year‐old male castrated jaguar (Panthera onca) was presented with anorexia and continuous bleeding from the oral cavity after a history of fighting with the partner animal. Clinical evaluation revealed ulcerating lesions on the gingiva and hard palate and a hematoma on the tongue. Computed tomography of the head and endoscopic examination of the esophagus and stomach were unremarkable. Hematology and clinical chemistry revealed severe nonregenerative anemia, mild thrombocytopenia, and moderate azotemia. Several PCRs for feline hemotropic mycoplasmas (Mycoplasma haemofelis, M heamominutium, M turicensis), Babesia felis, and Bartonella spp., as well as an FeLV antigen test were negative. The cytologic examination of a bone marrow aspirate was consistent with ineffective erythropoiesis, most likely due to immune‐mediated destruction of the erythroid precursor cells. Prednisolone therapy was initiated (1.25 mg/kg/day), and the CBC returned to normal 16 days after the initiation of the therapy. Anemia relapsed after 4 months and severe splenomegaly was noted. A repeat bone marrow aspirate revealed active erythropoiesis in the presence of erythroid precursor phagocytosis suggesting an immune‐mediated process. Splenic fine‐needle aspiration and tissue biopsies were taken, and all findings including histology and immunohistochemistry were consistent with a diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Five days later, the clinical condition deteriorated and the jaguar died. Histopathology following necropsy showed infiltration with neoplastic lymphoblasts in the spleen, liver, and abdominal lymph nodes. This case report describes a nonregenerative immune‐mediated anemia associated with a DLBCL in a jaguar.  相似文献   
3.
An 18-year-old, grey, Thoroughbred Cross gelding was referred to the Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University following a 3-week history of low-grade fever of unknown origin, distal limb swelling, and weight loss. Clinical examination identified a few black, round, smooth nodules along the ventral aspect of the proximal tail. Transabdominal ultrasound showed a markedly enlarged heterogenous spleen, hyperechoic liver nodules, and evidence of peritonitis with fibrin deposition. A mature neutrophilia was noted on complete blood count with variable numbers of phagocytized granules within neutrophils. The granules did not stain with Perl's Prussian blue, and were intensely positive when stained with Fontana-Mason, consistent with melanin. On necropsy, the spleen occupied approximately one-third of the abdominal cavity and was diffusely firm with abundant black pigment on cut section. The medullary space of the 18th thoracic vertebra was also diffusely blackened. The splenic, mediastinal, and tracheobronchial lymph nodes were five times the normal size and diffusely pigmented. The final anatomic diagnosis was disseminated malignant melanoma with extensive splenic involvement and hemolymphatic and vascular neoplastic dissemination. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first full report to identify circulating neutrophils containing phagocytized melanin granules, which confirmed an antemortem diagnosis of disseminated melanoma.  相似文献   
4.
旨在研究马链球菌兽疫亚种(Streptococcus equi ssp.zooepidemicus,SEZ)烯醇化酶(enolase,Eno)对小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞(RAW264.7)吞噬能力的影响。通过构建原核表达质粒获得重组烯醇化酶(rEno),采用台盼蓝活细胞计数法,判定在不同处理浓度和时间下rEno蛋白对RAW264.7细胞的细胞毒性。将rEno蛋白与RAW264.7细胞共孵育后,用SEZ作用于细胞并检测细胞吞菌数量,判断RAW264.7细胞对SEZ的吞噬活性。进一步通过活细胞稳定同位素标记技术(SILAC)和蛋白质谱分析技术(LC-MS/MS),筛选到RAW264.7细胞中可能与SEZ Eno存在相互作用的候选蛋白。结果发现,10 μg·mL-1 rEno蛋白处理对RAW264.7细胞有明显的细胞毒性,且10 μg·mL-1 rEno蛋白处理RAW264.7细胞2和4 h可显著抑制其对SEZ的吞噬作用(P<0.01、P<0.05)。初步筛选到RAW264.7细胞中动力蛋白激活蛋白亚单位蛋白(dynactin subunit protein 2,Dctn)、整合素α-M蛋白(integrin alpha-M)等17种可能与Eno发生互作的蛋白。本研究获得了rEno重组表达蛋白,发现rEno可减少RAW264.7细胞对SEZ的吞噬,互作蛋白的初步筛选也为进一步揭示Eno在SEZ抗吞噬中的作用机制奠定了基础。  相似文献   
5.
奶牛乳腺中的初级吞噬细胞、嗜中性粒细胞(PMN)和巨噬细胞构成了抵御病原体入侵的第1道防线。在健康奶牛的乳腺中,巨噬细胞占主导地位且充当哨兵的角色。当病原体侵入乳腺时,巨噬细胞及乳腺上皮细胞就会释放出直接将PMN迁移到该区域的趋化剂,使PMN从循环中迅速流入并吞噬和杀灭细菌,起到保护的作用。抵御病原体入侵的第2道防线是由记忆细胞和免疫球蛋白组成的网络,它们与第1道防线相互作用。随着分子生物学技术的发展,更好地了解炎症反应的调节机制可为研究和调节宿主与病原体的相互作用提供理论基础,因此本文就奶牛乳腺免疫细胞防御机理的研究进展进行了综述。  相似文献   
6.
7.
The present study was to determine in vitro effect of levamisole on the immune functions of Barbel chub (Squaliobarbus curriculus), head–kidney‐derived (HKM), spleen‐derived (SM) and peripheral blood monocyte‐derived macrophage (PBM). Macrophages were incubated with levamisole 103, 101, 10−1 and 10−3 ng mL−1 to assay the cell viability, respiratory burst and phagocytosis. The results showed that macrophages treated with levamisole 10−3 ng mL−1 gave a maximum respiratory burst response, whereas levamisole 103 ng mL−1 had no effect. Phagocytosis activity of the macrophages treated with levamisole enhanced significantly when compared to control, maximum response being at 10−3 ng mL−1. While using the methylthiazoletetrazolium method to measure the cell activity for 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 h, there was no significant role on proliferation and the cell viability began to decline after 24 h. In conclusion, levamisole is a potent enhancer of Barbel chub macrophage activity with low concentration.  相似文献   
8.
将以黄芪、党参为主药并加入另外5味中草药所配伍的复方中草药粉碎制剂,以质量分数分别为0%(对照组)、0.5%、1.5%和2.5%的剂量添加于基础饲料中,连续投喂仿刺参Apostichopus japonicus37d,在试验开始后第1、2、3、4周采样,测定仿刺参的肠、触手、体壁、肌肉和体腔液中的抗菌活力及体腔细胞的吞噬活性;于试验开始后第4周,用仿刺参"化皮病"病原菌黄海希瓦氏菌Shewanella marisflavi以3.7×108个/mL的浓度在每头仿刺参背部注射0.1 mL的菌悬液,每天观察记录死亡个体症状,统计死亡率,计算相对保护率(共观察记录7 d)。结果显示:各组的抗菌活力均随着用药时间的延长、用药浓度的加大而升高,总体趋势表现为2.5%添加组〉1.5%添加组〉0.5%添加组〉对照组;各用药组仿刺参的体腔细胞吞噬能力均随着用药时间的延长呈现先升高后降低的趋势,第2、3周达峰值,总体趋势表现为1.5%添加组〉2.5%添加组〉0.5%添加组〉对照组;攻毒试验结果显示,对照组仿刺参3 d后全部死亡,第7天各用药组相对保护率依次为1.5%添加组〉0.5%添加组〉2.5%添加组,分别为30.0%、20.0%和10.0%。由此表明,该复方中草药可以显著提高仿刺参的免疫力和抗病力,以1.5%添加剂量组的效果最佳。  相似文献   
9.
Laminarin is a β‐glucan from the brown algae Laminaria digitata (J.V. Lamour), which can activate innate immune responses. With the aim of developing a strategy to evaluate specific phenotypical parameters of the effects of laminarin in trout innate immunity, we (i) fed fish with laminarin‐supplemented diet (0.2 g kg?1 day?1) for 21 days and (ii) treated fish with a single dose of intraperitoneal injected laminarin (0.08 g kg?1 fish). The evaluation of cellular and humoral immune parameters was established at phenotypic level by the phagocytic activity of headkidney macrophages and detection of inflammatory cytokines in head kidney and gill tissue by indirect ELISA. Results showed that both delivery methods of laminarin produce an increase in the phagocytic activity in head kidney macrophages and a significant increase in the production of TNFα and IL‐8 in gill tissue at day 21. Additionally, some of these parameters were significantly correlated (P < 0.025), which places them as new potential combined markers to detect activation of trout defense mechanisms by laminarin. These results highlight the importance of developing new protocols to quantitate immune parameters, in order to evaluate immunostimulants in fish farming.  相似文献   
10.
Phagocytosis is an important function of both invertebrate and vertebrate blood cells. In this study, the phagocytic activity of haemocyte subpopulations of penaeid shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, (Boone), against pathogenic and non‐pathogenic particles was investigated in vitro. The haemocytes of penaeid shrimp were firstly separated by centrifugation on a continuous density gradient of iodixanol into four fractions with five subpopulations (sub), of which sub 1 (hyalinocytes) and sub 4 (semi‐granulocytes) have the main function in phagocytosis of both pathogenic and non‐pathogenic bacteria as well as fluorescent polystyrene beads. It was found that these haemocyte subpopulations engulfed virulent Vibrio campbellii and Vibrio harveyi at a higher rate than non‐virulent Escherichia coli and polystyrene beads. When these bacteria were mixed with shrimp haemocyte subpopulations and incubated for 180 min, the percentage of viable intracellular V. campbellii (25.5 ± 6.0%) recovered was significantly higher than the percentage recovered from V. harveyi (13.5 ± 1.1%). No viable intracellular E. coli was observed in this study. In contrast to V. harveyi and E. coli, V. campbellii containing endosomes did not acidify in time. Incubation of haemocyte subpopulations with the most virulent V. campbellii strain resulted in a significant drop in haemocyte viability (41.4 ± 6.3% in sub 1 and 30.2 ± 15.1% in sub 4) after 180 min post‐inoculation in comparison with the less virulent V. harveyi (84.1 ± 5.6% in sub 1 and 83.4 ± 4.1% in sub 4) and non‐virulent E. coli (92.7 ± 2.8% in sub 1 and 92.3 ± 5.6% in sub 4) and polystyrene beads (91.9 ± 1.6% in sub 1 and 84.4 ± 3.4% in sub 4). These findings may be a valuable tool for monitoring shrimp health and immunological studies.  相似文献   
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