强闪光抑制棉花叶片光系统Ⅱ活性和热耗散

除持续强光导致光合作用效率降低外,强闪光也能够影响光合功能,但规律和机制尚不清楚。为研究强闪光对喜光植物棉花叶片光合功能的影响,选用陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum L.)品种新陆早45号为材料,于强闪光处理(20,000μmol m–2 s–1, 300 ms,间隔10 s,处理时间持续30 min)前后分别测定叶绿素荧光、P700和气体交换。结果表明,强闪光处理后不仅有活性的PSI (光系统I)反应中心含量下降,同时PSⅡ (光系统Ⅱ)电子传递活性也受到限制。与对照相比,强闪光处理后PSI的ΦND (PSI供体侧限制引起的非光化学量子产量)下降,ΦNA (PSI受体侧限制引起的非光化学量子产量)增加,暗示强闪光能够抑制PSI受体侧电子传递活性。强闪光处理不仅使PSⅡ的实际量子产量明显下降,而且非光化学猝灭和ΦNPQ (PSⅡ调节性能量耗散的量子产量)也降低;但是,ΦNO (PSⅡ非调节性能量耗散的量子产量)明显增加,表明强闪光导致热耗散降低和PSⅡ失活。此外,强闪光处理后光合速率和气孔导度均降低,但细胞间隙CO2浓度增加,证明强闪光处理后同化能力的降低不是气孔限制导致的。因此,本研究认为强闪光处理不仅抑制PSI活性,而且导致PSⅡ失活和可调节性热耗散下降;光合电子传递活性的下降可能是强闪光下光合速率降低的重要原因。     

花䱻卵母细胞发育的组织学和超微结构观察

2015年7月至2017年10月在河南省驻马店宿鸭湖水库采集花?(Hemibarbus maculatus Bleeker)雌鱼样本190尾,体长7.12～32.21 cm,体重10.55～330.22 g,采用组织学和扫描电子显微镜技术观察了花?卵母细胞发育各时期的特征。结果表明,花?卵母细胞发育可分为5个时相,第I时相卵母细胞处于卵原细胞增殖阶段;第Ⅱ时相卵母细胞处于初级生长阶段,出现滤泡膜;第Ⅲ时相卵母细胞出现皮质液泡,细胞质膜之间形成放射带;第Ⅳ时相卵母细胞处于大生长后期,卵黄颗粒增多。电镜下观察发现放射带表面形成微孔状结构,核仁外排,可能与卵母细胞内营养物质积累有关;第Ⅴ时相卵母细胞中细胞核消失,卵母细胞发育为成熟卵子,与卵膜脱离,准备排卵。繁殖季节,花?卵巢成熟系数达到13.78%～17.04%。研究结果可为花?人工繁殖和育种工作提供参考。     

Utilization of electron beam irradiated Jatropha kernel meal in the diet of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) fingerlings

Defatted Jatropha kernel meal (DJKM) was irradiated through electron beam radiation at 25 kGy (IJKM). After irradiation, PEs and phytate were decreased by 36.67% and 55.27%, respectively, with slight reduction in total hydrolysed amino acids in IJKM. A 45‐day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the utilization of irradiated Jatropha kernel meal (IJKM) in the diet of rohu (Labeo rohita) fingerlings. Five isonitrogenous (300 g/kg CP) and isoenergetic (15 MJ/kg GE) diets such as T0 (control, without IJKM), T5 (50 g/kg IJKM), T10 (100 g/kg IJKM), T15 (150 g/kg IJKM) and T20 (200 g/kg IJKM) were prepared and fed to fish of respective treatments. Fish fed diets containing T15 and T20 groups exhibited significantly lower (p < .05) weight gain, FCE, PER, ANPU, HSI, ISI, survival rate, nutrient and energy digestibility, than the other groups. Fish of higher IJKM fed groups (T15 and T20) also showed lower muscle moisture, protein, ash and higher muscle lipid content. The liver catalase and SOD activities significantly decreased in the higher IJKM fed groups. It is concluded that IJKM (irradiated by 25 kGy electron beam) can be incorporated up to 100 g/kg in carp feed with the replacement of 33% soybean meal and 28% ground nut oil cake without compromising growth performances of Labeo rohita.     

On the deep origin of the depressed rings on pearl surface illustrated from Polynesian Pinctada margaritifera (Linnaeus 1758)

Among the various defects that contribute to depreciate the commercial value of pearls, the occurrence of depressed rings is the most spectacular. Through a series of structural, physical and chemical characterizations of the pearl layer, this paper reveals that the origin and initial stages of these essentially superficial defects are to be found in the earliest stages of pearl formation. The disturbance in growth of the nacreous envelopes is the physical cause of the occurrence of these depressed areas. Attention is also drawn on the unexpected relationship between these large morphological alterations of the pearl surfaces and more punctual defects primarily well visible in the strongly coloured Polynesian pearls. An understanding of the actual origin of these very negative patterns opens the way to reduce their statistical occurrence by paying attention to the grafting practice.     

简易膀胱容量压力测定技术的正交试验研究及在神经源膀胱管理中的效果观察

目的 观察简易膀胱容量压力测定技术在神经源性膀胱管理中的应用效果。方法 将40例神经源性膀胱患者随机分为对照组和试验组各20例,对照组常规依据患者膀胱残余尿量定间歇导尿时间和频次,试验组通过优化的简易膀胱测容量压力测定确定患者膀胱安全容量,依据膀胱安全容量及残余尿量确定间歇导尿时间和频次。观察两组患者的初次排尿时间、结束间歇导尿时间、膀胱容量、残余尿量及泌尿系感染情况。结果 试验组患者初次排尿时间和结束间歇导尿时间都早于对照组(P＜0.01)；膀胱容量更接近正常成人,残余尿量小于对照组(P＜0.01)；试验组患者尿路感染率明显低于对照组,有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 神经源性膀胱患者依据优化的膀胱容量压力测定技术确定膀胱安全容量结合残余尿量进行间歇导尿更安全、有效。     

基于微观特性分析风积沙粉体掺入提高混凝土的抗冻性

为研究冻融-盐浸环境下风积沙粉体混凝土的微观特性,设计了强度等级为C35、C25的风积沙粉体混凝土,在浓度为0%、3%、6%硫酸镁溶液中采用快冻法进行抗冻性试验,同时借助核磁共振技术、场发射扫描电镜及能谱分析研究其孔隙特征、微观形貌及水化产物。结果表明,风积沙粉体的掺入显著提高混凝土的抗冻性,且适当提高强度等级,有利于提高风积沙粉体混凝土抗冻性,其中强度等级为C35的风积沙粉体混凝土在6%MgSO_4溶液中可承受高达425次冻融循环;相对于基准组,风积沙粉体混凝土中有发育状况良好的针柱状产物钙矾石、纤维状产物石膏生成,填充因冻胀应力作用产生的裂隙,使其内部有害及多害孔数量低于普通混凝土29.78%,抗冻性增强。     

香豆素对多花黑麦草种子萌发和幼苗生长化感作用的机理研究

为探明化感物质香豆素的化感抑草作用机理,采用实验室培养皿生物监测法研究香豆素对多花黑麦草种子萌发及幼苗生长过程中主要生长和生理生化指标的影响,观察了种子和幼苗茎秆的超微组织结构变化。结果表明,与对照相比,香豆素显著降低了多花黑麦草种子的发芽势、根长、根干重、茎长和茎叶干重等生长指标(P0.05);香豆素处理显著降低了吲哚乙酸氧化酶(IAAO)活性和叶绿素含量(P0.05),同时显著提高了可溶性糖含量(P0.05),以及4和6d种子的蛋白质浓度(P0.05);且在前期促进了多花黑麦草幼苗的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、抑制了过氧化物酶(POD)活性,而后CAT降低,POD先升高后降低(P0.05),淀粉含量升高。100μg/mL的香豆素水溶液只能在多花黑麦草种子发芽和幼苗生长初期可以很大限度的起到抑制作用,但不足以使其致死。香豆素抑制种子胚乳养分的分解与供应,破坏胚乳细胞的细胞膜、细胞壁,同时可能使细胞失水而导致质壁分离。     

Neoplastic pleural effusion and intrathoracic metastasis of a scapular osteosarcoma in a dog: a multidisciplinary integrated diagnostic approach

A 10‐year‐old, female spayed mixed‐breed or cross‐bred dog was referred to the Small Animal Teaching Hospital of the University of Liverpool due to tachypnea, dyspnea, and pleural effusion not responding to diuretics and antibiotics. The chest was drained and cytology of the pleural fluid was consistent with a modified transudate with presence of atypical cells initially attributed to mesothelial hyperplasia and dysplasia. Computed tomography detected, in addition to the bilateral pleural effusion, diffuse pleural thickening, multiple pleural and pulmonary nodules, and a mineralized and lytic mass in the left scapula. Imaging findings were suggestive of a primary bone tumor with intrathoracic metastasis. Cytology of the left scapular and pleural masses revealed a malignant neoplasm highly suggestive of osteosarcoma. The diagnosis was confirmed by demonstration of a positive cytochemical reaction for alkaline phosphatase on prestained cytology slides. This finding prompted review of the initial interpretation of the pleural effusion cytology. The presence of neoplastic osteoblasts in the thoracic fluid was identified by a combination of cytochemistry, cell pellet immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy findings. In this report, a multidisciplinary integrated diagnostic approach was used to diagnose and confirm a neoplastic pleural effusion due to osteosarcoma metastasis in a dog.     

Disulphide structure of high-molecular-weight (HMW-) gliadins as affected by terminators

This study aimed at elucidating SS-bonds of HMW-gliadins (HGL) from wheat with the focus on terminators of glutenin polymerisation. HGL from wheat flour extracts non-treated or treated with the S-alkylation reagent N-ethylmaleinimide (NEMI) were compared. HGL from wheat flour Akteur were isolated, hydrolysed with thermolysin and the resulting peptides pre-separated by gel permeation chromatography and analysed by liquid chromatography/mass-spectrometry using alternating electron transfer dissociation/collision-induced dissociation. Altogether, 22 and 28 SS-peptides from samples without and with NEMI treatment, respectively, were identified. Twenty-six peptides included standard SS-bonds of α- and γ-gliadins, high-molecular-weight and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits. Eleven SS-bonds were identified for the first time. Fifteen peptides unique to HGL contained cysteine residues from gliadins with an odd number of cysteines (ω5-, α- and γ-gliadins). Thus, gliadins with an odd number of cysteines, glutathione and cysteine had acted as terminators of glutenin polymerisation. Decisive differences between samples without and with NEMI treatment were not obvious showing that the termination of polymerisation was already completed in the flour. The two HGL samples, however, were different in the majority of ten peptides that included disulphide-linked low-molecular-weight (LMW) thiols such as glutathione and cysteine with the former being enriched in the non-treated HGL-sample.     

香豆素对苏丹草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

香豆素为黄花草木樨(Melilotus officinalis)水浸提液的主效化感物质,能抑制多种杂草种子的萌发和幼苗生长。为探明香豆素的化感抑草作用机理,本研究采用室内培养、生物检测的方法,研究了简单香豆素水溶液对苏丹草(Sorghum sudanense)种子萌发及其幼苗生长和生理生化指标的影响,并采用透射电镜观察了苏丹草幼苗根和茎的超微组织结构。结果表明,20~100μg·mL~(-1)香豆素水溶液能够显著抑制早期苏丹草种子的萌发(P0.05),且随浓度升高抑制作用增强,能够显著抑制苏丹草根伸长,随处理时间的延长和浓度的升高其抑制作用也增强,根变粗扭曲,而对茎长的影响存在浓度效应和时间效应,在4d时,20~100μg·mL~(-1)浓度的香豆素水溶液均促进茎长,6和8d则表现为低浓度促进、高浓度抑制;与加蒸馏水的对照组相比,100μg·mL~(-1)香豆素溶液处理显著(P0.05)提高了过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,并降低了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,对过氧化物酶(POD)抑制作用表现为先降低后升高;香豆素处理显著(P0.05)提高了可溶性糖的含量,同时显著(P0.05)降低了叶绿素的含量;在香豆素处理下,淀粉含量先降低后升高,吲哚乙酸氧化酶(IAAO)活性仅在第4天时低于对照组。香豆素水溶液破坏了苏丹草根细胞的超微结构,出现液泡体积变大,细胞器数量和种类减少的现象,细胞核的核膜发生明显的歪曲,细胞核变小甚至消失;香豆素水溶液处理下的苏丹草幼苗叶绿体内淀粉粒数目显著(P0.05)增加,体积变大。以上结果显示,100μg·mL~(-1)的香豆素水溶液可以通过改变苏丹草抗氧化酶系统、增加渗透调节物质、降低叶绿素含量、影响酶活性以及破坏细胞超微结构等途径调节苏丹草的生长。