Polymorphisms and haplotypes of the myostatin gene associated with growth in juvenile red sea bream Pagrus major

Polymorphisms of the myostatin gene (MSTN) have been studied in vertebrates including several aquaculture species, revealing their role in growth. We attempted to identify polymorphisms in MSTN associated with growth traits of juvenile farmed red sea bream Pagrus major, an important cultured fish species in Japan. Polymorphisms in the coding region of MSTN were screened, and six polymorphisms were found among three exons: a deletion in exon 1, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in exon 2 and four SNPs in exon 3. The deletion in exon 1 eliminated a codon (glutamine) from the region comprising the polyglutamine structure, but all SNPs were synonymous. We analysed the polymorphisms for association with growth phenotype in large and small P. major specimens obtained from commercial production at 50 days post hatching. Two SNPs located in exon 3 (c.+846T>C and c.+1140T>C) were significantly more frequent in the large group, while no SNPs were significantly associated with the small phenotype. Haplotypes were reconstructed using genotype information of the two phenotype groups, and nine haplotypes (Hap_1 to Hap_9) were successfully reconstructed. Hap_6 and Hap_7 were significantly more often observed in small and large groups respectively. Analysis of diplotypes (haplotype combinations) of individual specimens revealed 19 diplotypes. The Hap_7/Hap_7 diplotype was found in 46.7% of large phenotype specimens, significantly more frequently than in the small group (13.5%). These results will be useful for marker‐assisted selection of red sea bream to improve production with respect to growth.     

Polymorphisms in the ovoinhibitor gene (OIH) and their association with egg quality of Xinhua E-strain chickens

1. Chicken ovoinhibitor has been reported to prevent contamination and affect storage for eggs. The objective of the present study was to conduct an association analysis between ovoinhibitor gene (OIH) polymorphisms and egg quality traits in the population of Xinhua E-strain chickens and explore its expression characteristics in different tissues.

2. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified and genotyped, in which one synonymous mutation was located in exon16 (G9810A), one in intron7 (A4363G) and one in intron14 (C8937G). The A4363G and C8937G polymorphisms signi?cantly in?uenced Haugh unit (HU) and albumen height (AH), while HU and AH in AG and CT heterozygous birds were signi?cantly higher than in birds with homozygous genotypes. Diplotype association analysis showed individuals with an H1H4 diplotype had the highest AH and HU values in the investigated population.

3. RT-qPCR results showed that the expression level of the OIH gene was higher in the oviduct and liver than other tissues. During the development of liver at different phases, a drastic decrease occurred during the period of first ovulation event, which suggests the regulation of some unknown factors effected it.

4. Our results indicated that OIH plays a vital role in egg quality. The combinations of A4363G and C8937G might be potential advantageous molecular markers for improving HU of chicken eggs.     

草鱼醛缩酶B基因部分序列的SNP多态性及其与生长性状的关联分析

通过佛山市白金水产良种选育场提供的草鱼EST库的醛缩酶B基因重叠群的2个Contig扩增该基因的序列片段,采用直接测序法,经过序列比对,共筛到C+687G、C+1042A和A117C等3个颠换SNPs位点。C+687G位于醛缩酶B基因外显子6的63 bp处,为同义突变;C+1042A位于外显子8的43 bp处,为错义突变;A117C位于内含子7的117 bp处。采用Snapshot方法对同一群体的296尾草鱼的这3个SNPs位点进行检测和分型,并统计基因型频率。3个SNPs位点中AA的频率分别为42.9%、32.8%、32.8%;AB的频率分别为42.9%、45.9%、45.6%;BB的频率分别为14.2%、21.3%、21.6%。利用一般线性模型分析3个SNPs位点与草鱼体质量、体长等重要生长性状的关系,关联分析结果显示,C+687G位点不同基因型只在体长/尾柄长比值上存在显著差异(P0.05),和体质量等重要生长性状不相关。A117C和C+1042A两个位点都在体质量等4个生长性状上存在显著差异(P0.05)。将3个SNPs位点不同基因型两两位点组成3个组合的双倍型(都去掉了频率小于3%的组合),结果显示,C+687G和A117C以及C+687G和C+1042A的2个组合分别组成的7种双倍型在体质量等5个生长性状上都存在显著差异(P0.05);A117C和C+1042A组成的3种双倍型在体质量、眼间距等2个生长性状上都存在显著差异(P0.05)。研究认为,可以考虑将草鱼醛缩酶B基因作为生长相关的候选基因,用于草鱼的分子辅助育种。     

草鱼载脂蛋白A-I-1基因3＇非编码区SNPs筛选及其与生长性状的关联分析

采用PCR产物直接测序法和PCR-RFLP法对草鱼EST文库中载脂蛋白A-I-1基因（Apoprotein A-I-1,apoA-I-1）3＇非编码区进行SNPs筛选,在珠江水系草鱼Ctenopharyngodon idella养殖群体144个样本中发现2个SNPs位点。C792T位点的CC型占46.53%,CT型占50.69%,TT型占2.78%;G851A位点的GG型占77.08%,GA型占20.83%,AA型占2.08%。采用一般线性模型对2个SNPs位点与草鱼4个生长性状———体质量、体长、体高和头长进行关联分析,结果表明：C792T位点TT型个体的体质量、体长、体高和头长均值高于CT型和CC型个体的生长性状指标值,但未达到显著水平（P〉0.05）;G851A位点GG型个体的体质量、体长、体高和头长均值高于GA型和AA型个体的生长性状指标值,且GG型个体的体长和头长均值与GA型和AA型个体均存在显著差异（P〈0.05）。将2个SNPs位点不同基因型组合成6种双倍型,关联分析结果表明,双倍型D3（TTC792T-GGG851A）个体的体质量均值最高,D6型（CCC792T-AAG851A）个体的体质量均值最低,且二者在体长、体高、头长均值间存在显著差异（P〈0.05）。推测C792T位点TT型为有利基因型;G851A位点GG型为有利基因型,AA型为不利基因型。本研究结果为草鱼分子辅助育种提供了候选标记,为加快草鱼育种进程奠定了基础。     

大口黑鲈肌肉生长抑制素基因单核苷酸多态性位点的筛选及其与生长性状关联性分析

采用PCR-SSCP和PCR-RFLP技术对大口黑鲈肌肉生长抑制素(myostatin,MSTN)基因全序列进行了SNPs位点筛选和分型,共筛选到2个单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)位点(C-1453T和T+33C),其中C-1453T位于启动子E8 box和Octamer(＋)调控元件之间的区域,T+33C的突变位于第一外显子区域,属于同义突变,氨基酸没有发生变化;利用一般线性模型分析单标记位点与大口黑鲈生长性状(体重、体长、体高、体宽和眼间距)相关性,均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。将2个SNPs位点不同基因型组合成6种双倍型(去掉频率小于3%的组合),关联分析表明,双倍型D2在体重、体长、体高、体宽和眼间距的均值均高于其它双倍型,而双倍型D5在体重、体长、体高、体宽和眼间距的均值均低于其它双倍型,双倍型D2与D5之间在5个主要生长性状均存在差异显著(P＜0.05),推测双倍型D2对生长性状起正相关,而双倍型D5与大口黑鲈的生长性状呈负相关,因此推断MSTN基因突变位点双倍型D2与D5可作为大口黑鲈生长性状的两个标记位点,用其分子标记位点来辅助大口黑鲈育种工作以期加快育种进程。