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1.
坚果破壳取仁是坚果深加工的基础,是提高坚果附加值的重要途径,壳仁分离是坚果破壳取仁的重要工序,是提高坚果壳仁分净率和降低损失率所面临的一个重要技术难题。为此,简要介绍了国内外坚果壳仁分离的现状,重点从壳仁分离技术、壳仁混合物空气动力学特性及壳仁分离机械三方面进行了详细阐释,分析了坚果壳仁分离加工中存在的不足,指出今后坚果壳仁分离的发展方向,旨在为坚果壳仁分离术及分离设备的开发研究提供参考。  相似文献   
2.
为综合利用农林废弃物,以白果壳为植物模板、羟基磷灰石(HAP)为改性材料,制备了白果壳遗态HAP/C复合材料(PBGC-HAP/C-G),并通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)等对其进行了表征,同时研究了溶液pH、初始浓度、吸附剂投加量等对其去除水中氨氮的影响。结果表明,PBGC-HAP/C-G是一种大孔材料,孔径主要介于35~200 μm之间。在溶液pH=5时,吸附效果最佳;吸附剂投加量的增加有利于氨氮的去除;粒径大小不是影响吸附效果的主要因素。准二级动力学模型和Freundlich等温吸附模型能很好地描述该吸附过程,吸附过程以化学吸附为主。在氨氮初始浓度为20、50、100 mg·L-1时,拟合计算得到的理论平衡吸附量分别为0.45、1.10、2.15 mg·g-1,与实验测定值0.46、1.15、2.18 mg·g-1相近,可见PBGC-HAP/C-G可用作去除氨氮的吸附剂。  相似文献   
3.
Soft‐shell crab, a newly moulted crab having non‐calcified and hydrated soft exoskeleton, farming has been increasing tremendously in recent years throughout the world due to its high market price and consumer preferences. However, high aggressiveness and cannibalistic behaviour of mud crab limit its culture to an individual chamber system which ultimately makes the soft‐shell mud crab farming space and labour‐intensive. Therefore, the aim of this study was to improve the efficiency of soft‐shell crab production by autotomy of the claw and/or walking legs to reduce the moulting duration and intensify the culture system through double stocking in the existing individual chamber culture system. To achieve our objectives, a series of experiment were conducted at both indoor and on‐farm levels by removing the claw and/or walking legs of Scylla olivacea for two consecutive moulting cycles. Results showed that both claw ablation significantly (p < .01) shortened the moulting duration and increased the carapace width, weight gain, specific growth rate, feeding efficiency and yield parameter compared to the non‐ablated crabs more prominently at 1st moulting than the 2nd moulting in both indoor and on‐farm trials. Ablation of all walking legs while keeping the claw intact did not significantly influence (p > .05) the moulting duration and carapace width, but significantly (p < .01) improved the specific growth rate, weight gain, feeding efficiency and yield parameters at 1st moulting compared to the non‐ablation and unilateral three walking leg ablation groups. However, ablation of all appendages (both claw and walking legs) showed significant (p < .01) improvements of carapace width, weight gain, specific growth rate, feeding efficiency and yield parameters, and shortened the moulting duration up to 23 days from 34 days during 1st moulting and up to 27 days from 40 days at 2nd moulting. The survivals of different autotomized mud crabs were statistically non‐significant (p > .05) to the non‐autotomized crabs in various indoor and on‐farm trials. Besides improving the production performances, ablation of bilateral claw and all appendages allowed to double the stocking density in the existing individual chamber‐based soft‐shell crab farming that enhanced the production about threefold higher than the existing individual chamber‐based culture system. Finally, our results suggest that autotomy could be a promising technology for the commercial farming of soft‐shell mud crab in near future.  相似文献   
4.
针对大型树脂基复合材料制件不适于用实验试错法进行充模方案设计的问题,在分析树脂流动规律的基础上将大型薄壳件的求解区域分解,仿真分析了不同充模方案下树脂在纤维中的流动行为和模腔内压力变化,提出在制件填充面积等分处设置流道的方法,选择和优化大型薄壳制件的充模方案。结果表明:①对于不便进行实验试错法进行真空辅助树脂传递模塑(VARTM)工艺充模方案设计的大型薄壳制件,可以采用数值模拟的方式,以达西定律、能量守恒定律等为计算依据,求解压力场和速度场,对比不同仿真方案的充模时间等数据合理安排注胶方式方法,指导VARTM工艺制备大型复合材料制件合理安排注胶方式,提高生产率、减少因树脂浸润不均匀产生的缺陷。②对于大型薄壳类制件,忽略厚度方向尺寸,影响充模时间的主要因素为流道长度和树脂流动距离。选取尽可能长的注胶流道,合理设置流道位置以减少树脂流动的距离;长流道可以增加树脂瞬时注入量、提高较长时间的压力差;而树脂流程越长,树脂前锋处压力损失越大,流速越慢。③试验提出了制件填充面积等分处设置流道的方法。将大型薄壳工艺制件充模面积等分,注胶流道布置在垂直于制件长度方向的面积等分线上,可缩短充模时间并减少制件两端的树脂富集现象。对于较狭长部分可再次进行面积等分设置流道,以免造成树脂流程过长压力流失过多;而对于较宽阔部分不宜设置过多流道以免树脂前锋稳定前互相接触造成制件充模不均匀。  相似文献   
5.
ABSTRACT

1. The objective of this study was to develop a machine vision method for analysing exterior parameters of chicken eggs to automate the stage of primary sorting.

2. The developed algorithm based on predetermined thresholds calculated egg quality indicators, including geometric dimensions, shape index and the mottling grade. The algorithm was implemented with an experimental setup that combined the image-based and the candling methods. A total of 400 egg samples were analysed.

3. Comparison of results of the algorithm with those obtained using the traditional manual method showed that mean value of radii values difference was 0.095 ± 0.058 mm for the sharp and 0.080 ± 0.047 mm for the blunt end of the egg, with standard deviations of 0.58 mm and 0.49 mm, respectively.

4. The correlation coefficient between the shape index values determined by the two methods was 0.93; the standard deviation of absolute differences between corresponding values was 1.05%.

5. The results of mottling grade estimation were compared using F-measure and confusion matrix.

6. The results allow the possibility to perform the assessment of egg exterior quality factors in an automatic mode, independent of the expertise of a grader.  相似文献   
6.
Small‐scale fisheries provide food and livelihoods for thousands of people along the Brazilian coastline. However, considerable uncertainties still surround the extent to which artisanal and subsistence fisheries contribute to the total of national landings and their historical ecological significance. Fisheries monitoring is deficient in Brazil, and historical records are limited to irregular accounts spanning the last few decades, while this coastline has supported human populations for at least 6,000 years. Here, we estimate pre‐Columbian subsistence catches for a large subtropical estuary in southern Brazil. Our results suggest that prehistoric populations may have extracted volumes of fish biomass higher than or comparable with historical subsistence fisheries in the region, and that the latter is likely underestimated. If a long‐term perspective is required to evaluate the current economic value and status of fisheries in subtropical and tropical South America, this should go beyond the historical time interval and integrate the contribution of pre‐Columbian archaeology.  相似文献   
7.
我国橡胶籽资源广泛且价格低,开发橡胶籽资源对实现资源综合利用以及提高橡胶产业经济效益具有重要意义。本文介绍了橡胶籽的主要组成成分,总结了橡胶籽在饲料、食品、医药和工业应用等方面的研究进展,分析了利用过程中存在的问题,并提出了开发利用建议,以期为橡胶籽资源高效综合利用提供更多的研究思路。  相似文献   
8.
9.
为了有效利用我省丰富的油茶蒲资源,缓解近年食用菌栽培原材料上涨压力,研究以油茶蒲部分代替杂木屑栽培高温型香菇,以配方试验方式,探寻利用油茶蒲栽培香菇的配方技术。结果发现,以30%的油茶蒲代替杂木屑栽培香菇是可行的,香菇产量及品质与对照相比无显著差异。  相似文献   
10.
以红松松子壳为原料,采用连续热解装置研究了热解反应温度和时间对生物油得率的影响规律,在反应温度为450℃、反应时间为6 min时,生物油得率可达到40.74%,热值可达到22.66 MJ/kg。采用气相色谱质谱联用仪对生物油成分进行了分析,其成分以酚类为主,质量分数约为33.5%;选用HZSM-5及NiO/HZSM-5分子筛催化剂对热解重质油部分分别进行催化改性试验,结果表明:经NiO/HZSM-5分子筛催化剂催化后其中高沸点有机物质量分数降低约13个百分点;其黏度由原来的约3 290 mPa·s大幅度地降低至450 mPa·s,热值则由原来的约26.16 MJ/kg增加到30.33 MJ/kg,增加了16%,同时提高了重质油的燃烧性和稳定性;负载物氧化镍(NiO)的添加提高了HZSM-5催化剂的抗积碳能力。该研究也为后续生物油改性提供了参考。  相似文献   
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