小麦Glu-3位点基因拷贝数的变异分析

【目的】基因拷贝数变异是一种常见又重要的基因结构变异,往往影响个体表型。低分子量麦谷蛋白（low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit,LMW-GS）是小麦贮藏蛋白的主要组成部分,位于Glu-3位点。小麦作为异源六倍体,其庞大且复杂的基因组结构导致难以利用传统方法检测目的基因的拷贝数,针对小麦基因组,筛选可靠稳定的内参基因和体系,探索适合复杂基因组的拷贝数变异测定技术,测定Glu-3位点LWM-GS基因拷贝数。【方法】以Acc1为内参基因,根据基因序列设计内参引物和探针,通过定性和定量PCR测定内参基因在12个普通小麦品种中的拷贝数,分析该基因拷贝数在不同品种间的稳定性;又以小麦品种篙优2018的5个稀释浓度的基因组DNA为模板,利用qRT-PCR验证Acc1内参系统的重复性和准确性;根据Glu-A3位点LMW-GS基因序列设计特异性引物及探针,利用qRT-PCR和ddPCR 2种方法检测8个小麦品种Glu-A3位点基因拷贝数,比较后选择更优的高通量基因拷贝数检测方法;再根据Glu-B3和Glu-D3位点LMW-GS基因序列设计相应的特异性引物及探针,并利用ddPCR技术检测和分析了231份小麦品种的Glu-A3、Glu-B3和Glu-D3位点上LMW-GS基因拷贝数。【结果】Acc1在12个普通小麦品种间、同一品种5个DNA稀释浓度间的拷贝数测定结果一致,技术重复间的变异系数仅为0.07%—0.77%,所构建的Acc1内参系统稳定;比较qRT-PCR和ddPCR 2种拷贝数检测方法,8个品种所测的Glu-A3位点拷贝数结果一致,分别为3、5、3、4、3、3、3和3;且ddPCR检测重复间的变异系数为0.30%—1.67%,远低于qRT-PCR的3.14%—12.72%,更加可靠;利用ddPCR对231份普通小麦品种的Glu-A3、Glu-B3和Glu-D3位点上LMW-GS基因拷贝检测后分析发现,大多数小麦品种在3个位点上的拷贝数为4,所占频率分别为51.95%、32.03%和28.57%,Glu-3位点总拷贝数变异范围为10—21,变异系数为16.12%。【结论】Acc1内参系统具有良好的稳定性和重复性,可以用作小麦Glu-3位点和其他目的基因拷贝数检测的内参;qRT-PCR和ddPCR均可用于小麦基因拷贝数的检测,但后者更稳定、可靠,且操作简单、检测通量高。     

利用微滴数字PCR分析转基因生物外源基因拷贝数

微滴数字PCR(droplet digital PCR,ddPCR)是一种基于泊松分布原理的核酸分子绝对定量技术,在核酸分子的绝对计数/定量领域具有极大的应用潜力。本研究基于ddPCR平台,以转基因水稻(Oryza sativa)T1c-19和转人乳铁蛋白基因基因山羊(Capra hircus)134为例,建立了转基因生物(genetically modified organisms,GMOs)外源基因拷贝数分析方法,并比较了其与传统的实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qRT-PCR)和Southern blot方法的准确性。实验数据表明,T1c-19的杀虫晶体蛋白基因(insecticidal crystal protein,Cry1C*)在qRT-PCR和ddPCR测定结果比较一致,约为2拷贝,但已报道的Southern blot分析结果为1拷贝;ddPCR对bar基因的分析结果高于qRT-PCR,分别为2.09拷贝和1.51拷贝。转人乳铁蛋白基因(human lactoferrin,HLF)山羊134在qRT-PCR和ddPCR的分析结果基本一致,均测得含有1拷贝的HLF基因。研究结果表明,微滴数字PCR方法是一种经济、快速和准确的外源基因拷贝数分析新方法,灵敏度和准确性高,将会在拷贝数分析中广泛应用。     

Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction assay for identifying and quantifying pork products

Halal products are growing in consumer markets worldwide, and pork meat is classified as non-halal. Manufacturers of processed foods and products must ensure that their products follow Islamic dietary law because pork is prohibited for Muslims. Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (ddPCR) is a novel method for identifying pig species and quantifying pork products. This experiment aimed to investigate pork species and establish the proportion of pork in meat products using the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (CYTB). The study found that the correlation coefficient between the meat weight and DNA concentration of pork was 0.997, and the correlation coefficient between the DNA concentration and the target DNA copy number of pork was 0.998. The accuracy of the ddPCR assay was verified using a sample of a known proportion of pork, and it was revealed that this method is highly precise in quantifying pork products. Nine products contained an undeclared meat proportion (90%). The limit of detection for pork was 0.0001 ng. The analysis indicated that the ddPCR assay has high accuracy and sensitivity for quantifying pork products. Therefore, the predictive model can be used in routine laboratories for quality assurance of halal food products.     

Comparison of techniques for estimation of resting spores of Plasmodiophora brassicae in soil

Clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) is an important disease of canola (Brassica napus) and other brassica crops. Accurate estimation of inoculum load in soil is important for evaluating producer risk in planting a susceptible crop, but also for evaluation of management practices such as crop rotation. This study compared five molecular techniques for estimating P. brassicae resting spores in soil: quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), competitive positive internal control PCR (CPIC-PCR), propidium monoazide PCR (PMA-PCR), droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and loop-mediated isothermal DNA amplification (LAMP). For ddPCR and LAMP, calibrations were developed using spiked soil samples. The comparison was carried out using soil samples collected from a long-term rotation study at Normandin, Québec, with replicated plots representing 0-, 1-, 2-, 3-, 5- and 6-year breaks following susceptible canola infested with clubroot. CPIC-PCR and ddPCR provided repeatable estimates of resting spore numbers in soil compared with estimates from qPCR or LAMP alone. CPIC-PCR provided the most robust measurement of spore concentration, especially in the 2 years following a crop of susceptible canola, because it corrected for effects of PCR inhibitors. PMA-PCR demonstrated that a large proportion of the DNA of P. brassicae detected in soil after the susceptible canola crop was derived from spores that were immature or otherwise not viable. Each assay provided a similar pattern of spore concentration in soil, which supported the conclusion of a previous study at this site that resting spore numbers declined rapidly in the first 2 years after a susceptible crop, but much more slowly subsequently.     

应用双重数字PCR对转基因玉米成分进行定量方法研究

基于微滴式数字PCR平台,研究建立了一种在同一个微滴反应体系中同时测定样品中两种靶序列的双重微滴式数字PCR定量方法。结果表明,所建立的T25品系双重PCR方法能特异性检出转基因玉米T25,而其他转基因玉米、油菜、水稻等作物品系均没有扩增。灵敏度实验数据表明,所建立的T25双重数字PCR方法,在相对标准偏差≤25%时可以检测到4.6个T25特异性边界序列分子,在不考虑各重复间相对标准偏差的情况下可以检测到1个拷贝。定量结果准确性比较研究显示,与采用分别定量内源基因和T25边界序列来定量转基因成分结果相比较,所建立的T25双重数字PCR定量结果因消除了取样误差结果更准确,以上研究结果表明双重微滴式数字PCR定量方法比单重微滴式数字PCR定量方法更适用于进出境农产品转基因成分的定量检测。     

Optimisation of droplet digital PCR for determining copy number variation of α-gliadin genes in mutant and gene-edited polyploid bread wheat

Targeted and random mutagenesis of gene families require accurate quantification. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) enables high-throughput screening of copy number variation (CNV). We tested the accuracy of ddPCR for CNV analysis in the large α-gliadin gene family, using degenerate primers. First, duplex ddPCR assays measured α-gliadins in diploid (15–17 copies) and tetraploid (70–76 copies) wheat accessions and a corresponding number in resulting Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat, demonstrating linear amplification up to 86–95 genes. Second, we amplified 61 α-gliadin genes in Chinese Spring. Most α-gliadins of the homoeologous chromosomes 6A and 6D were correctly amplified, as corroborated using deletion and nullisomic-tetrasomic lines, but one group of genes from 6B were not amplified with these primers. Third, in Paragon we amplified 61 α-gliadin genes while selected γ-irradiated mutant lines revealed reductions of 25–50%. Finally, using two duplex ddPCR assays, we showed that CRISPR/Cas9-targeting of α-gliadins in Fielder produced indels (1–50 bp) in up to 10 α-gliadin genes plus large deletions (>300 bp) in 20 of 87 amplified α-gliadin genes. ddPCR is suitable for high-throughput screening of CNV and gene-editing-induced mutations in large gene families, in polyploids. In wheat, ddPCR enables screening of gliadins in breeding programs towards hypoimmunogenic gluten for coeliac patients.     

转基因玉米NK603基体标准物质研制

转基因安全管理和标识制度的实施需要标准化的检测方法和转基因检测标准物质,转基因标准物质是获得准确、可靠、可比检测结果的保证。目前,转基因玉米NK603已在我国批准进口用作加工原料,其安全监管亟须制备标准物质。本研究将筛选后的转基因玉米NK603杂合种子和对应的非转基因受体种子,按转基因质量分数为60.0mg g^-1、100.0 mg g^-1、1000 mg g^-1 (理论值)的比例配置了3个梯度浓度水平的转基因基体标准物质。利用二重微滴数字聚合酶链式反应(droplet digital polymerase chain reaction, ddPCR)对研制的标准物质进行均匀性与稳定性检测。结果表明:研制的标准物质均匀性良好,可在60℃下运输14 d,稳定性不低于6个月。同时,由8家实验室采用二重ddPCR方法联合测定标准物质NK603转化体与内标基因的拷贝数比值,其标准值及不确定度为:(2.75±0.26)%、(4.68±0.39)%、(51.8±3.7)%。本批标物使用时最小取样量100 mg。可用于转基因食品和饲料...     

鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒微滴式数字PCR定量检测方法的建立

旨在建立检测鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒(infectious laryngotracheitis virus, ILTV)绝对定量方法。根据已发表的鸡ILTV的TK基因序列,针对其保守区域分别设计1对特异引物和1条探针,建立检测鸡ILTV的微滴式数字PCR(droplet digital PCR,ddPCR)方法,并评价其特异性、敏感性和重复性。结果显示,建立方法的最佳引物浓度为20μmol/μL,最佳探针浓度为10μmol/μL,最佳退火温度为56℃。特异性检测结果显示,建立的方法只检出ILTV,没有检出其他病原株。敏感性检测结果显示,采用建立的方法定量检出ILTV重组质粒标准品的最低限为4.6拷贝/μL。对3个连续稀释的pMD18-ILTV重组质粒DNA进行检测,3次重复检测结果的变异系数均小于5%。对83份病鸡喉拭子、肺及脾组织样品进行检测,采用建立的ddPCR检出ILTV阳性样品10份,荧光定量PCR检出ILTV阳性样品9份,ddPCR的阳性检出率(12.05%)高于荧光定量PCR的阳性检出率(10.84%)。结果表明,建立的ddPCR方法定量检测ILTV特异性强、敏感性高、重复性好...