新疆卡提拉玛工艺配方的研究

熟牛油、生奶皮、白砂糖是制作新疆塔吉克族特色面制品的主要原料。通过正交试验确定三者在卡提拉玛中的添加量，研制具有新疆独特风味的卡提拉玛。在基本配方（高筋小麦粉500 g，酵母3 g，食盐2 g，鸡蛋清30 g，牛奶185 mL，饮用水100 mL，清油4 mL）的基础上，确定三者最佳添加量（以高筋粉为基重）。结果表明：加入熟牛油6 mL、生奶皮15 g、白砂糖3 g，可制作出色泽金黄、口感醇香、质地酥脆、具有生奶皮特有香气的新疆卡提拉玛。     

熟制鸭肉超高压杀菌技术初探

以熟制鸭胸脯肉为试材,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法优化鸭肉超高压杀菌工艺。结果表明,鸭肉中菌落总数残余比例随超高压压强、时间与温度的增加而降低;熟制鸭肉超高压杀菌最佳工艺为:压强600 MPa,保压时间25 min,介质水温度28℃,按照该条件杀菌后,熟制鸭肉的菌落总数为159 CFU·g-1;经超高压杀菌后的熟制鸭肉在4、25、37℃下储藏,其货架期分别为144、48、8 h。     

Dietary fishmeal levels affect the volatile compounds in cooked muscle of farmed large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea

A comparative study on the volatile compounds in cooked muscle of wild and farmed large yellow croaker (LYC) was conducted. The two farmed LYC groups were fed with diets containing 44% (CF) and 25% (LF) of fish meal (FM) respectively. Results showed that 48 volatiles, including aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, hydrocarbons, aromatics, acids, esters, furans and miscellaneous compound, were detected in cooked fillets. The LF group had significantly lower amounts of total aldehydes and ketones, higher content of miscellaneous compound in cooked fillets than that in the CF and wild groups (p < .05). Compared with the wild group, the LF group had significantly lower amounts of total alcohols, acids and esters, while the CF group had significantly lower amounts of total aldehydes, higher content of total ketones in cooked muscle (p < .05). According to the principal component analysis (PCA), some volatiles (propanal, nonanal, etc.) could be considered as sensitive indicators to classify cooked muscle samples. In conclusion, differences in the volatiles in the cooked muscle between the wild and farmed LYC have been found. Low level of dietary FM (25%) changed the volatile profiles in cooked fillets of farmed LYC. A PCA may be useful to screen potential volatiles to classify cooked muscle samples in this study.     

精油对熟制鸡胸肉中产气荚膜梭菌抑制效果预测模型研究

为研究不同香辛料精油对熟制鸡胸肉中产气荚膜梭菌(C.perfringens)的影响,该文以肉桂精油、艾草精油和茴香精油为研究对象,对C.perfringens标准株(ATCC13124)和分离株(C1)抑菌效果,筛选出抑制最佳浓度,采用BP神经网络构建C.perfringens的生长/残存动力学模型,并以相关系数(R~2)和均方根误差(RMSE)评价模型精度,以期快速预测不同精油浓度条件对C.perfringens影响。结果表明:经肉桂精油处理后的ATCC13124和C1浓度最低,抑制效果最强;采用BP神经网络模型构建不同精油对熟制鸡胸肉中C.perfringens的预测模型,肉桂精油对ATCC13124和C1的R~2分别为0.963和0.976,RMSE分别为0.327和0.271CFU/g,预测效果最佳;利用验证集对模型鲁棒性进行验证,结果表明R~2均在0.917以上,RMSE在0.200～0.640 CFU/g之间,结果表明,BP神经网络模型可以较好的预测熟制鸡胸肉中产气夹膜梭菌的生长/残存情况;为肉类加工过程中控制C.perfringens提供理论依据。     

熟化枸杞子的加工工艺及功能特性

为了有效开发利用枸杞子资源,进一步提高枸杞子附加值,该文以新鲜枸杞子为原料,在传统干制工艺的基础上,基于美拉德反应原理,开发熟化枸杞子新产品,并对其活性进行检测。研究结果表明,熟化枸杞子三段式干制工艺为:干制预处理阶段温度为60℃,时间为12 h;熟化阶段温度为80℃,时间为24 h,相对湿度65%;定型阶段温度45℃,干制6 h即可。制备的熟化枸杞子为黑褐色、酸甜适口、抗氧化活性显著高于(P0.05)普通干制枸杞子,其总还原能力、羟自由基清除能力、DPPH自由基清除能力分别是普通干制枸杞子的1.87倍、1.45倍和2.21倍,是一种较好的抗氧化食品,枸杞子的附加值得到了有效提高,并且该熟化枸杞子的制备工艺简单、成果易转化,具有很好的应用前景。     

QTL analysis of cooked rice grain elongation, volume expansion, and water absorption using a recombinant inbred population

The traits of elongation, volume expansion, and water absorption are very important in determining the quality of cooked rice grains. In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of these traits was performed using a recombinant inbred population derived from a cross between two indica cultivars, ‘Zhenshan 97’ and ‘Minghui 63 ,’ which are the parents of the most widely grown hybrid rice in China. Using a linkage map based on 221 molecular marker loci covering a total of 1796 cM, a total of 33 QTLs were identified for the nine traits tested. QTLs were detected on chromosomes 1– 3 , 5– 9 , and 11 , respectively. The QTLs identified included three for cooked rice grain length elongation (chromosomes 2 , 6 , and 11), six for width expansion (chromosomes 1‐ 3 , 6 , 9 , and 11) and two for water absorption (chromosomes 2 and 6). Interestingly, a single QTL located near the wx gene on chromosome 6 seemed to influence all the traits tested for the cooked rice quality.     

辐照对冷鲜熟制水饺微生物安全质量的影响

本试验主要研究了辐照对冷鲜熟制水饺中可能存在的致病微生物肠炎沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和李斯特菌存活状况的影响。研究发现,肠炎沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、李斯特菌的D10值分别为0.31、0.44和0.45kGy。随着辐照剂量的增大和贮存期的延长,不同致病菌数量变化趋势存在差异。4kGy辐照可保障冷鲜熟制水饺中3种致病菌达到不得检出的要求。     

蒸煮腌肉色素的结构分析

目的研究蒸煮腌肉色素(CCMP)的结构。方法利用电子顺磁共振(EPR)、高效液相色谱和高分辨率电喷雾质谱联用(HPLC-ESI-HR-MS)、傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)和红外激光拉曼光谱4种波谱综合分析鉴定。结果CCMP丙酮溶液的EPR图谱出现卟啉铁3d轨道上的未成对电子与一个-NO基团的14N原子的核自旋发生相互作用,在g3处产生3个一组信号的超精细分裂。FTIR和拉曼图谱分别在1653.31和1656.69cm-1出现5配位的CCMP的Fe-NO结构的特征吸收,CCMP的ESI-HR-MS图谱中未出现二亚硝酰亚铁卟啉血色原的分子离子峰,而出现一亚硝酰亚铁卟啉血色原不同碎片离子的质荷比。结论本研究认为CCMP的结构为五配位的一亚硝酰亚铁卟啉血色原。     

不同基因型稻米混配及蒸煮对抗性淀粉含量的影响

采用L4(23)正交试验法,以抗性淀粉含量高品系功米3号的精米为主要材料,研究其与不同基因型籼稻、粳稻和糯稻混配及蒸煮对抗性淀粉含量的影响.结果表明,(1)不同基因型稻米的抗性淀粉含量差异较大,其抗性淀粉含量受加工方式和蒸煮条件的影响,糙米高于精米,熟米饭高于生米;(2)稻米混配比例、蒸煮米水比和蒸煮次数显著影响混配米抗性淀粉含量,其影响主次因稻米基因型和加工类型而异,且其获得高抗性淀粉含量的参数优化条件不同,功米3号与精米混配,抗性淀粉含量优于糙米,混配籼稻、粳稻优于糯稻.     

低支链淀粉品种米的储藏性和食味品质评价

摘要：储藏米的生理品质与食味品质变化程度对于消费者的认可度至关重要。本研究讨论了不同储藏温度对低直链淀粉品种米（Yumepirika）的储藏性和食味品质影响。稻谷具有比糙米更加优越的储藏性。在低温条件下储藏,稻谷脂肪酸含量增加2.9 mg,糙米脂肪酸含量增加15.8 mg,这表明低支链淀粉糙米应该在更低的温度下保存。食味试验表明室温条件下储藏的糙米具有最低黏度值和综合评价值。经过2 a的储藏期,超低温储藏和低温储藏能够保持米的活力和食味品质与基准米相似的水平。