发酵法制备蛤蜊ACE抑制肽的菌种筛选

为筛选适用于发酵蛤蜊制备降血压活性多肽的纳豆芽孢杆菌,本试验从7种日本纳豆中初筛6株具有较高蛋白酶活性的纳豆芽孢杆菌株用于发酵蛤蜊,以体外血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制率及多肽含量为评价指标筛选目的菌株。结果表明,共筛选出3株目的菌株(GL-5、GL~(-1)2和GL-25),其发酵产物对ACE抑制率分别为71.55%、78.31%、75.08%,多肽含量分别可达8.12、9.62、8.79mg·m L~(-1)。其中,GL~(-1)2发酵产物经消化酶水解后仍保持68.31%的ACE抑制率,表明其具有较强的抗消化能力。本研究结果为蛤蜊高值化利用开发具有降血压作用的功能食品提供了一定的理论依据。     

木瓜蛋白酶酶解制备红岛蛤蜊肉多肽工艺的优化

为获得具有海鲜风味的小分子肽用于功能性食品或调味料中,以红岛蛤蜊肉为原料,综合氨基态氮含量和腥味等指标,筛选出适宜的酶解工艺,并制备出风味鲜美,营养卫生的酶解液。结果表明:经成分测定,蛤蜊肉中脂肪含量为20.01g/100g,蛋白质为30.36g/100g,属于高蛋白低脂肪水产品;利用木瓜蛋白酶对红岛蛤蜊肉进行酶解的最佳工艺为酶解时间4h、木瓜蛋白酶加酶量8 000U/g、酶解温度65℃、初始pH 7.0,该条件下红岛蛤蜊肉酶解液中氨基态氮含量为0.430g/100mL,得到的酶解液颜色淡黄、腥味较小、酶解液澄清、无细小颗粒物质,可作为风味调料的原料应用。     

文蛤C1q基因的克隆与表达及其重组蛋白活性的研究

利用构建的文蛤cDNA文库,克隆得到了文蛤C1q基因全长cDNA序列,该序列全长1213bp,5′UTR为316bp,3′UTR为372bp,开放阅读框长度为525bp,编码174个氨基酸。在文蛤C1q(MmC1q)蛋白中,C1q结构域与软体动物、两栖类动物和脊椎动物中的C1q结构域均具有较高的同源性。通过荧光实时定量PCR,MmC1q mRNA在所检测的各个组织中均有表达,在肝胰脏中表达量最高。在细菌感染试验中,文蛤受鳗弧菌感染后,C1q相对表达水平有明显的上升调节,注射2h,MmC1qmRNA表达量最高,为对照组的2.19倍。包含成熟肽的MmC1q cDNA片段被重组,并在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中表达,采用牛津杯法对MmC1q重组蛋白进行体外抑菌试验,但并未检测到明显的抑菌活性。     

Biochemical and fatty acid dynamics during larval development in the razor clam Ensis arcuatus (Bivalvia: Pharidae)

This article reports on the changes in gross biochemical and fatty acid composition of the razor clam Ensis arcuatus larvae throughout development. Protein was the largest component of dried larval tissues. The energy required for embryogenesis in E. arcuatus oocytes was obtained from stored proteins and carbohydrates, while total lipids increased significantly. Lipids and carbohydrates have an important role as energy contributors from day 1 to day 8. During larval development the strategy was to indistinctly store energy reserves (protein, lipid and carbohydrate) to surpass metamorphosis. During embryonic development there was a gain in fatty acids of neutral and polar lipids. A depletion of fatty acids in neutral lipids was observed from day 1 to day 8 in E. arcuatus larvae, mainly due to the decrease in 16:0 and EPA. NMID fatty acids were present in amounts similar to those of some PUFAs in polar lipids, especially 22:2NMID.     

Taste Compounds and Biofunctional Activities of the Sandy Beach Clam Hydrolysate for the Shellfish Flavoring Condiment

ABSTRACT

Sandy beach clam meat was hydrolyzed with proteases (Alcalase and Flavozyme) for the manufacture of a natural flavoring condiment. The optimal conditions for the enzymatic hydrolysis of the shellfish meat via the response surface methodology were: temperature, 54.7°C; pH, 5.9; time, 45 h. The total amino acid content of the shellfish hydrolysate was 9,218.8 mg/100 g and consisted mainly of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, arginine, lysine, and leucine. Nucleotides and their related compounds of the shellfish hydrolysate consisted mainly of adenosine diphosphate (0.86 mg/100 g), adenosine monophosphate (11.24 mg/100 g), and inosine (49.03 mg/100 g). The shellfish hydrolysate resulted in three protein peaks in the Bio-Rad P2 gel chromatography pattern. The antioxidant activity was highest at Peak 1 (64.67%), followed by Peak 2 (27.48%) and Peak 3 (16.67%); whereas the angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity was highest at Peak 3 (67.27%), followed by Peak 2 (6.14%). Antitumor activity was highest at Peak 1 (18.77%), followed by Peak 2 (8.75%). All the sensory attributes of the shellfish condiment were scored highly. Therefore, the sand beach clam hydrolysate can be commercialized as an ingredient of a natural flavoring condiment or seasoning.     

Biochemical indices (RNA/DNA ratio and protein content) in studying the nutritional status of Ruditapes decussatus (Linnaeus 1758) juveniles

In this work, we investigated the nutritional status of Ruditapes decussatus juveniles under different rearing conditions, using biochemical indices (RNA/DNA ratio and protein content) and the linear instantaneous growth rate (IGR). Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of starvation, addition of substrate (sand) as rearing support and diet composition on somatic growth and biochemical indices. Results show that biochemical indices of fed juveniles were significantly (P<0.05) higher. Highest RNA/DNA values and protein content were recorded in fed juveniles reared with substrate (P<0.05); conversely, lowest values were recorded in starved ones reared without substrate. In the second experiment, the highest RNA/DNA ratio was recorded in juveniles fed with control algal mixture composed of species commonly used in bivalve nurseries [Isochrysis galbana (clone T-Iso), Chaetoceros calcitrans and Tetraselmis suecica] and lowest in those fed with algal species isolated from Tunisian coasts. This confirms the usefulness of the RNA/DNA ratio and protein content in the clam's nutritional status evaluation. This assay is useful to provide information about the nutritional status and health of the clam in field conditions.     

泥蚶大面积工厂化育苗高产技术研究

选择浙江虾池促育熟肥的肥满足度７．０％左右的亲蚶，高密度采卵，低密度孵化，以海泥作附着基，整池移入变态附着池，分批附着。３－５天倒池洗苗一次，以扁藻，金藻，用角毛藻为主，辅投异胶藻，小球藻。１９９７年在１７４６ｍ＾２６能苗池中育出４５０－６３０μｍ＊３７６－５７０μｍ蚶苗１８．５７亿粒，平均单位面积出苗量１０６．３６万粒／ｍ＾２，效益显著，专家鉴定认为，本研究居国内领先水平。     

The effect of temperature on the energy budget of the Manila clam, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ruditapes philippinarum</Emphasis>

In this study, the energy budget of the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, was evaluated after one-week acclimation periods at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25°C. Small clams (151 ± 12 mg DW) and large clams (353 ± 16 mg DW) were fed with the microalgae, Isochrysis galbana. Filtration rate, ingestion rate, assimilation efficiency, oxygen-consumption rate, and ammonia excretion rate were measured. Both filtration rate and ingestion rate of small and large clams were found to be related to temperature. The highest Q ₁₀ values were measured in the range 15–20°C for both small and large clams. Assimilation efficiency of both small and large clams was not significantly influenced by temperature, although the maximum mean values were detected at 20°C. Oxygen consumption rate and ammonia excretion rate of small and large clams were found to be related directly to temperature over the entire range, with a maximum being detected at 25°C. The highest Q ₁₀ value was estimated in the range 10–15°C with regard to oxygen consumption rate, and in the range of 15–20°C with regard to ammonia excretion rate. Scope for growth (SFG) was positive at all temperatures, achieving a maximum value at 20°C in both small and large clams, primarily as a consequence of the enhanced ingestion rate which offset the concomitant elevation in the metabolic rate. In this study we have estimated the thermal optimum for this species at 20°C.     

胶州湾菲律宾蛤仔的性腺发育

１９９６年４～６月，对胶州湾内的菲律宾蛤仔连续取样，将性腺用１０％福尔马林液固定，组织切片４～６μｍ，Ｈ．Ｅ染色，显微照相显示菲律宾蛤仔卵巢和精巢的发育是同步进行的，性腺在４月初开始进入繁殖初期的快速发育，４月中和４月底生殖细胞已明显增大，至５月上旬染滤已被成熟的生殖细胞充满，５月中旬前后生殖细胞被分批排放，５月下旬和６月上旬性腺进入休止状态，至此，形成了一个繁殖期，在繁殖期内，高龄贝比低龄贝发育     

文蛤对四种单胞藻的表观消化状况及同化率

水温22℃下,显微观察了文蛤对塔玛亚历山大藻及海水小球藻,等鞭金藻和青岛大扁藻的表观消化状况,以灰化法测定了文蛤对四种单胞藻的同化率。结果表明,低浓度时文蛤对四种藻类的表观消化状况优于高浓度组;文蛤对海水小球藻、等鞭金藻和青岛大扁藻的同化率随着藻类浓度的升高而降低,其同化率变化范围分别为87.9%~67.4%、83.4%~58.7%和67.5%~37.9%。当塔玛亚历山大藻浓度低于5.0×103cell/mL时,文蛤不会产生假粪,该藻能够被文蛤摄食。藻浓度在1.0×103cell/mL到3.0×103cell/mL时,文蛤对该藻的同化率从81.8%降至52.3%,4.0×103cell/mL组的同化率升高至67.6%,藻浓度升高至5.0×103cell/mL时同化率又降至52.4%,塔玛亚历山大藻3.0×103cell/mL浓度组是一个分界点,同化率最低,大于这一浓度时,同化率又呈上升趋势。