Metabolic fate of [14C]endrin in bluegill fish

Bluegill absorbed 85% of 1 ppb of endrin from water within 48 hr under static exposure conditions. The absorbed radiocarbon was eliminated linearly with a half-life of about 4 weeks. Analyses of eliminated radioactivity revealed only conjugated metabolites. 12-anti-Hydroxyendrin and 12-syn-hydroxyendrin were tentatively identified by cochromatography using thin-layer chromatography/autoradiography and gas chromatography. These metabolites were also present as conjugates in the fish organs. Seventy-three percent of the absorbed radioactivity recovered from fish extracts was in the form of unchanged endrin.     

Comparative inhibition of the juvenile hormone esterases from Trichoplusia ni,Tenebrio molitor, and Musca domestica

Twenty-seven compounds were screened as potential inhibitors of juvenile hormone esterases. Of these compounds O-ethyl-S-phenyl phosphoramidothiolate provided the best inhibition for the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), and the yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor L., while the juvenile hormone esterases of the house fly, Musca domestica L., were best inhibited by a juvenoid carbamate (1-(m-phenoxy-N-ethyl carbamate)-3,7-dimethyl-7-methoxy-2E-octene). The inhibition patterns of T. ni and T. molitor are similar, while those of M. domestica are relatively different. Further studies on the juvenile hormone and α-napthyl acetate esterases of T. ni showed that they could be differentially inhibited. Diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate and an alkyl trifluoromethyl ketone selectively inhibit the hydrolysis of α-naphthyl acetate and juvenile hormone, respectively, while O-ethyl-S-phenyl phosporamidothiolate inhibits both enzymes. The juvenile hormone esterases of T. ni also appear to be unique enzymes that are selective for juvenile-hormone-like molecules. The in vivo inhibition of T. ni juvenile hormone esterases by O-ethyl-S-phenyl phosphoramidothiolate slows the in vivo hydrolysis of juvenile hormone and results in delayed pupation and malformed larvae that resemble larval-pupal intermediates. Thus, the esterases involved in juvenile hormone metabolism appear to be important in juvenile hormone regulation.     

Effects of chlordimeform on mitochondria from eggs of Spodoptera littoralis

Mitochondria were isolated from eggs of Spodoptera littoralis. With succinate (+pyruvate) as substrate, respiratory control ratios between 1.70 and 2.54 were obtained. Uncouplers and the energy transfer inhibitor oligomycin influenced these mitochondria in the well-known manner. The uncoupling activity of chlordimeform in vitro was very weak and decreased with increasing age of the eggs. Electron transport in mitochondria from chlordimeform-treated eggs was not uncoupled. Therefore, it is concluded that the ovicidal effect of this pesticide is not due to its uncoupling effect.     

Ecotonal changes and altered tree spatial patterns in lower mixed-conifer forests, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, U.S.A.

This research analyzes patch development and determines tree spatial patterns along the lower mixed-conifer ecotone on the North Rim of Grand Canyon National Park in Arizona (U.S.A.). Patterns of patch development were interpreted from spatial analyses, based on tree age and size, and past records of disturbance and climate. Five plots in the ecotone between mixed conifer forests and monospecific stands of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) were studied for patterns of patch development. The methods used include: (1) size-structure analyses, to compare species patch development; (2) dendrochronological dating of tree establishment; (3) tree ring master chronology, to determine periods of suppressed growth, compared to a Palmer Drought Severity Index; and (4) spatial analyses by species composition, size and age, with univariate and bivariate analyses of spatial association and spatial autocorrelation. We found an increased density of shade-tolerant and fire-intolerant species namely clusters of pole-sized white fir, and fewer large ponderosa pine. This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

辽宁省台安县农业生态功能分区研究

应用生态学原理和方法,选择自然地理、土地资源、系统稳定与结构功能、社会经济四个方面共11个指标,采用SPSS软件中的主成分分析方法和聚类分析方法并结合实际情况将辽宁省台安县14个乡镇划分为北部风沙绿化生态恢复区、西南稻鱼洼地生态保护区、东南两河平原生态建设区和中部城镇工业污染控制区4个生态功能区,并根据分区结果,指出了各区以后的发展目标。     

台州市辣椒种植的气象条件分析

在分析台州市气候与辣椒生长发育以及台州市气象灾害对辣椒生产影响的基础上,提出了台州市实现辣椒优质高产的措施。     

洪湖自然保护区浮游生物空间分布及与水质关系

研究围垸养殖对洪湖自然保护区水质的影响,从浮游生物视角评价水质现状及发展规律,以期为洪湖自然保护区科学管理及水生态修复提供基础数据。2019年6月在洪湖自然保护区不同方位水面布设10个采样点,开展水质及浮游动植物现状调查和分析,计算生物多样性,并与环境因子做CCA分析。调查共检出浮游植物6门57属74种,以蓝藻门的微囊藻、硅藻门的颗粒直链藻、绿藻门的单角盘星藻为主要优势种;浮游动物61种,以萼花臂尾轮虫和广布中剑水蚤为主要优势种。浮游植物Shannon-Wiener生物多样性指数均值为2.26,浮游动物均值为2.12,水质为中度污染状态,但有重度污染的趋势。CCA分析表明,浮游植物分布与SD呈正相关,与WT、COD_Mn等呈负相关;部分轮虫及大部分原生动物与SD、As呈正相关,与WT、Chl-a等呈负相关。洪湖自然保护区水体处于中富营养型状态。围垸养殖会导致洪湖水体有机物沉积、水质恶化,并对浮游生物种类组成和数量产生重要影响。     

转基因抗虫棉数量性状的典型相关和主成分分析

运用典型相关和主成分分析方法,对转基因抗虫棉的13个数量性状进行了研究,结果表明:转基因抗虫棉的生育性状与产量性状间典型相关极显著,产量性状与品质性状间典型相关达显著水平,生育性状与品质性状间典型相关不显著。前5个主成分因子:产量因子、品质因子、子指铃重因子、早熟因子及伸长率因子可代表一个转基因抗虫棉品种的基本特征,它们的累计贡献率达87.23%。各性状间相互联系,相互影响。在转基因抗虫棉育种中,应注意各性状间的动态平衡,有利于育成优质高产抗虫棉品种。     

柑橘类果汁中柚皮苷的分析

柚皮苷是柑橘汁中主要的苦味物质之一,其含量高低影响果汁的色泽、口味、稳定性等.通过分光光度法分析了9种柑橘类果汁中柚皮苷的含量,研究结果表明：胡柚汁中柚皮苷含量最高,为3.018 g/L,芦柑汁中柚皮苷含量最低,为0.310 g/L.在此基础上,用数学统计的方法对9种柑橘类果汁中柚皮苷含量差异性分析表明：脐橙汁与象山橘汁,椪柑汁与蜜柚汁柚皮苷含量无差别;椪柑汁比芦柑汁高,蜜柚汁比芦柑汁高,差异显著;其余种类果汁间柚皮苷含量均有极显著差异.