Performance evaluation of venturi aeration system

The venturi aeration is an effective practice to increase the dissolved oxygen accessibility in the water bodies. This study aims to optimize the various geometrical parameters of the venturi aeration system. A non-dimensional technique was applied to find the optimum performance of various geometric parameters i.e. throat lengths (t_l), number of air holes (N), and converging and diverging angles (α and β). These experiments have been carried out using 1124 L capacity of tank having dimensions of 105 cm long, 105 cm wide and 102 cm deep. The experiments were conducted at a constant flow velocity of water (1.096 m/s) with varying throat length (t_l = 20–100 mm keeping 20 mm as interval between two consecutive length), number of air holes (N = 1–17 at an equal hole to hole distance of 5 mm between them), and converging and diverging angles (α and β = 10°, 15°, 20° and 25°). Multiple non-linear regression equations were also developed from the linear relation with the dependent variable (Non-dimensional form of standard aeration efficiency, NDSAE) and independent variables (t_l and N). With the geometrically optimized venturi aerator the optimum performance was found for t_l =100 mm, N = 17, and α and β = 15°. The maximum value of standard oxygen transfer rate (SOTR) and standard aeration efficiency (SAE) obtained was 0.0216 kgO₂/h and 0.611 kgO₂/kWh respectively. From the non-dimensional study, it was found that the NDSAE is the function Reynolds number (Re) and Froude number (Fr). The simulation equations were developed on the basis of Re and Fr for NDSAE, and subjected to 7.378 × 10⁻⁶ < Re < 3.689 × 10^-5 and 0.163 < Fr < 0.817, respectively.     

System for quasi‐continuous simultaneous measurement of oxygen diffusion rate and redox potential in soil

Oxygen diffusion rate (ODR) and redox potential (E_H) are quantitative indices representing oxygen availability and redox status in soils, which is valuable information for better understanding causes and effects of soil aeration. Because these indices are spatially and temporally highly variable, continuous measurements and adequate numbers of repetitions are essential for accurate in situ monitoring. Here, we present a new, fully automated recording system for in situ measurements where ODR and E_H are measured at the same platinum electrode. The conflict between electrode polarization for ODR and the resulting biased E_H readings is solved by reducing the polarization time and introducing a recovery interval between two consecutive measurement cycles. The shorter polarization time ensures accurate E_H readings. It also results in moderately overestimated ODR readings, but this can be corrected before data analysis. The recovery interval restricts temporal resolution of the E_H‐ODR data pairs to 8 h. We illustrate the use of the system with measurements in a field experiment in Zürich, Switzerland. ODR curves at different depths ran roughly parallel to the corresponding curves of O₂ concentration in soil air but ODR was much more sensitive to precipitation. Low ODR was a necessary but not a sufficient condition for declining E_H. E_H ran parallel to O₂ concentration in soil air rather than to ODR. The fully automated system allows for time series of replicate measurements in multifactorial field studies with reasonable labor requirements. It may be particularly suitable for studies examining the effects of soil tillage, compaction, and irrigation, where structure‐related soil properties such as porosity, gas permeability, and soil aeration play a dominant role.     

加气灌溉对温室番茄生长及产量的影响

在地下滴灌条件下,作物根系集中在滴头周围生长,易于出现缺氧症状,针对这一问题,运用对照处理方法,研究了加气灌溉对番茄生长发育及产量等方面的影响,并对不同灌水水平下的加气灌溉进行了比较。结果表明,加气处理均可促进番茄生长提高产量,但优果率不高。其中,相较于对照,相同灌水量加气灌溉对开花时间影响不大,但增高13.90%,增...     

根际通气对盆栽番茄生长及水分利用率的影响

为探索适宜作物生长的水气环境,在3种土壤水分水平下,采用50％土壤孔隙率的1.6,1.2,0.8,0.4,0五种通气系数等处理方法,研究了根际通气对盆栽番茄生长指标与根系生长,以及水分利用率的影响.结果表明:适宜的土壤水分与适宜的通气量相结合对番茄生长具有显著的促进作用,通气处理促进了番茄植株的生长,提高了番茄的根系活...     

池塘虾蟹生态养殖微孔管道增氧高产高效养殖试验

利用微孔管道增氧技术,进行池塘虾蟹生态养殖试验。结果表明,在16675m2池塘中收获河蟹2800kg,平均单产达112kg/667m2,平均效益达7500元/667m2。微孔管道增氧技术对虾蟹养殖增产增效作用明显。     

池塘养殖增氧方式效果比较

为了解微孔增氧对池塘水体能量流动、水质及养殖效益的影响,对2种不同增氧方式下3个河蟹养殖池塘的养殖周期(4—9月份)进行了水质测定,获得了池塘不同水层的水温、溶氧、氨氮、亚硝酸盐及高锰酸钾盐指数数据。结果表明,夏季高温时采用微孔管道增氧能有效降低表层、底层的温差,一定程度上降低底层水温。微孔管道增氧能有效增加水体溶氧,开机90min水体底层溶氧增加速率是普通增氧机的5倍;6—9月份采用微孔增氧的池塘水体较普通增氧,NO2-N低70﹪以上,NH3-N低22.9﹪以上,高锰酸钾盐指数低20﹪以上,取得了较高的经济效益。     

迷宫螺旋泵气液两相流场的数值模拟及试验

基于混合物多相流模型、RNGk-ε湍流模型和SIMPLEC算法,应用CFD软件Fluent对迷宫螺旋泵内气液两相流场进行数值模拟并通过试验进行验证.通过分析流道内不同截面上的压力、速度以及含气率分布,研究泵内气液两相流场的流动情况.模拟结果表明,压力分布从进口到出口沿螺旋槽逐渐升高,增压效果明显,速度分布在环形腔的外侧比在内侧稍大,螺旋部分含气率分布比较均匀,进出口处出现含气率分布不均匀现象,局部含气率较高,在此要防止气堵现象的发生.试验结果表明所采用的计算模型基本符合泵内部流动的实际情况,这说明模拟结果一定程度上揭示了迷宫螺旋泵内部气液两相流场的流动规律,可为迷宫螺旋泵气液两相流研究提供理论依据,试验结果同时表明迷宫螺旋泵进行气液混输时具有良好的曝气效果,可作为传统曝气设备的替代产品.     

用黑色管道进行环流熏蒸的杀虫试验

根据气流理论，用仓外与粮堆相通的黑色管道构成循环系统，利用昼夜温差形成慢速环流气流，加速PH3气体在粮堆内的扩散和渗透，达到了较好的杀虫效果。     

甘肃临夏地区一次扬沙与强寒潮天气诊断分析

利用基本气象资料和欧洲中心数值预报产品资料,对发生在2006年4月10～11日临夏地区的一次扬沙和强寒潮天气过程进行了分析.结果表明:临夏地区扬沙伴有强寒潮天气发生,在大气环流调整过程中,冷空气活动是造成扬沙和强寒潮灾害的主要动力,高空急流是大风的动量来源,蒙古气旋和冷锋是触发这次扬沙、强寒潮天气的重要天气系统.高、低空冷、暖平流的空间配置使降温更为剧烈.同时,涡度和散度对扬沙和寒潮的落区有很好的指示作用.在受灾区,对流层和近地面层为不稳定层结,从而引起强烈垂直上升运动,导致低层强烈辐合,出现了10～11日的灾害性天气过程.     

Characteristics of phosphorus removal in an intermittent aeratedbiofilter under two operating regimes

A fixed film system composed of an anaerobic biofilter and an intermittently aerated biofilter (IABF) was developed for enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) in the treatment of domestic wastewater. We investigated the influence of the operating regime on the performance of EBPR in IABF. Compared to the sequencing batch regime, net phosphorus uptake capacity in IABF was improved under the aerobic continuous feeding (ACF) regime. An innovative method that can be used instead of traditional backwashing was applied to IABF for removal of phosphorus from the reactor under the ACF regime. Using this method, a stable performance of EBPR was achieved during long term operation, with a low frequency of backwashing in IABF. Distribution and variation of organic and phosphorus in IABF may imply spatial distribution of microorganisms in the column of the reactor under the ACF regime. 