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1.
海洋生物附着一直是世界渔业发展面临的主要难题之一, 渔业装备长期整体或局部与海水接触, 生物附着会降低其使用寿命, 影响正常使用。因此, 深入研究生物附着现象, 采取合理、有效的措施抑制或降低海洋生物附着, 对实现渔业装备的长效使用以及提升海洋渔业经济效益具有重要的意义。本文概述了海洋生物附着的危害和附着机理以及中国沿海渔业装备生物附着情况, 并对现今世界生物附着控制技术进行了总结, 着重分析了自抛光共聚物及防生物附着涂料在海洋渔业船舶和海洋网箱系统中的应用, 为今后生物附着控制技术在海洋渔业装备的应用提供科学的参考。 相似文献
2.
Bivalves serve as an important aquaculture product, as they are the source of essential fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in our diet. However, their cultivation in the wild can be affected by fouling organisms that, in turn, affect their EPA and DHA content. The effects of fouling organisms on the EPA and DHA contents of cultivated bivalves have not been well documented. We examined the effects of fouling organisms on the EPA and DHA contents and condition index of cultured oysters, Crassostrea gigas, in an aquaculture system. We sampled two-year-old oysters from five sites in Shizugawa Bay, Japan, in August 2014. Most of the fouling organisms were sponges, macroalgae, and Mytilus galloprovincialis. A significant negative relationship existed between the DHA content in C. gigas and the presence of sponges and macroalgae. A lower C. gigas EPA content corresponded to a higher M. galloprovincialis fouling mass and a lower C. gigas condition index. This can be explained by dietary competition between C. gigas and M. galloprovincialis for diatoms, which were the main producer of EPA in our study sites. Our findings indicate that fouling organisms likely reduce the EPA and DHA content in cultivated oysters. Therefore, our results suggest that the current efforts to remove fouling organisms from oyster clusters is an effective strategy to enhance the content of EPA and DHA in oysters. 相似文献
3.
Netminder®, a water‐based silicone barrier release coating, was highly effective in reducing biofouling of lantern nets during grow‐out/overwintering of bay scallops, Argopecten irradians irradians, in a large‐scale restoration programme in New York, USA. Compared with untreated nets, scallops held in Netminder®‐coated nets experienced reduced survival after 8 months, probably due to higher loads of epibionts on their shells. However, this was countered by higher reproductive and overall condition of scallops in treated vs. untreated nets; there were no consistent differences in shell growth in different net treatments. Although further testing is recommended under a wider range of conditions, we conclude that for the purposes of our scallop restoration work, coating nets with Netminder® would eliminate the need for a gear change in spring, thus reducing labour costs; the coating process should be refined so that Velcro closures of nets do not become sealed shut. 相似文献
4.
Biofouling has become the focus of RO in water and wastewater treatment. Experimental investigation of RO biofouling mechanism and characteristics in wastewater advanced reuse was carried out by static test and cross-flow dynamic test on a lab-scale membrane fouling simulator(MFS).The experimental results show that the major contributors to biofouling are coli and filamentous bacteria; there usually is no biofouling on the RO membrane surface with the absence of microbial source and nutrient composition; it is easy to cause biofouling on the fouled membrane; the germicidal treatment and the protection in the shut-down period are important for RO. Guidance for the analysis and reduction of biofouling in the practical engineering is provided. 相似文献
5.
Bivalve aquaculture is worldwide impacted by biofouling development. Immersed infrastructures and shells of the reared species create new substrate for a wide range of epibionts, mainly composed of suspension feeders. Biofouling development is generally considered as a plague for bivalve aquaculture, and its control results in additional costs that can represent up to 30% of total operational costs of the industry. Epibionts have not only consequences for the species they overgrow (i.e. basibiont), but they can also alter the ecological functioning of the exploited ecosystem. In this review, we point out that the assessment of the net effect of biofouling is more complex than expected, as it combines negative and positive effects on both the commercial production and the ecosystem. Furthermore, we emphasize that the removal of biofouling can be stressful and damaging for the reared species. Biofouling control should be carefully reconsidered, on the basis of a holistic approach considering: (i) the interactions between epibionts and their basibionts; (ii) its impact on the final product; and (iii) its contribution to the sustainability of the ecosystem. 相似文献
6.
Biofouling in finfish aquaculture is an important issue because copper based antifoulants contribute to marine pollution and biofouling management incurs heavy costs to the industry. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness five treatments (non‐biocidal: Dyneema, Netpolish, Aquacoating and ThornD; biocidal using cuprous oxide: Netrex) as compared with an untreated nylon net. After 8 months, effectiveness was determined by quantifying changes in: per cent net occlusion, per cent cover of major fouling groups, and biomass. Only one non‐biocidal treatment performed better than the control in one performance index (Dyneema had lower biomass), and overall, the copper treatment was most effective. The results from this study demonstrated that the effectiveness of copper treatments will continue to be a barrier to the implementation of non‐biocidal antifoulants, and that more research is needed to develop effective, non‐biocidal antifoulant coatings for aquaculture operations. 相似文献
7.
In order to evaluate the quality of oysters and whether a production method affects quality or not, a set of objective quantitative quality measures was developed. Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) were cultured using two different treatments (never desiccated or desiccated daily with tidal exposure) and the meats were tested by textural, physico‐chemical and chemical analyses over a 25‐day cold storage period. Texture analyses parameters (cutting force and chewiness on oyster adductor muscles) were strongly correlated with storage time before the death of oysters and could be used as a quality indicator for oyster. Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) could be used as freshness indicator for raw Eastern oysters, with the acceptability of 11 mg/100 g. Models for evaluating the quality of oysters were established that reflect the impact of a biofouling treatment on oyster's shelf life and texture attributes. The methods and quality indicators developed in this study were effective in evaluating the quality and freshness of Eastern oysters objectively, and could serve as routine quality check of oyster meat for the industry. 相似文献
8.
近年来,生物污损对我国海水养殖业造成了严重的经济损失。为探索一种新型、绿色的防控技术,本研究选择长鳍篮子鱼(Siganus canaliculatus)、黄鳍棘鲷(Sparus latus)、平鲷(Rhabdosargus sarba)和双刺三棘鲀(Triacanthus biaculeatus)等4种福建东山湾代表性鱼类作为研究对象,利用高通量测序技术分析了这些鱼类消化道内的18S rDNA基因,以查明其食物组成,并探讨它们对污损生物的摄食差异。研究结果显示, 4种鱼类的食物组成存在显著差异。双刺三棘鲀主要以硬骨鱼类为食,表现出明显的肉食性偏好;而长鳍篮子鱼、黄鳍棘鲷和平鲷则表现为杂食性,其中黄鳍棘鲷偏向植物性饵料,平鲷更偏于肉食性。值得注意的是,长鳍篮子鱼在摄食污损生物方面表现出较高的偏好,尤以海鞘纲生物为主要食物。研究还发现,大规格的长鳍篮子鱼[(180±2)mm]相比小规格[(120±2)mm],摄食海鞘的量更大,摄食的种类也更多。本研究揭示了长鳍篮子鱼在污损生物生态防治中的潜在应用价值,研究结果为探索污损生物的生态防治策略和方法提供了新的见解和依据。 相似文献
9.
Bacteria growing inside biofilms are more resistant to hostile environments, conventional antibiotics, and mechanical stresses than their planktonic counterparts. It is estimated that more than 80% of microbial infections in human patients are biofilm-based, and biofouling induced by the biofilms of some bacteria causes serious ecological and economic problems throughout the world. Therefore, exploring highly effective anti-biofilm compounds has become an urgent demand for the medical and marine industries. Marine microorganisms, a well-documented and prolific source of natural products, provide an array of structurally distinct secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities. However, up to date, only a handful of anti-biofilm natural products derived from marine microorganisms have been reported. Meanwhile, it is worth noting that some promising antifouling (AF) compounds from marine microbes, particularly those that inhibit settlement of fouling invertebrate larvae and algal spores, can be considered as potential anti-biofilm agents owing to the well-known knowledge of the correlations between biofilm formation and the biofouling process of fouling organisms. In this review, a total of 112 anti-biofilm, anti-larval, and anti-algal natural products from marine microbes and 26 of their synthetic analogues are highlighted from 2000 to 2021. These compounds are introduced based on their microbial origins, and then categorized into the following different structural groups: fatty acids, butenolides, terpenoids, steroids, phenols, phenyl ethers, polyketides, alkaloids, flavonoids, amines, nucleosides, and peptides. The preliminary structure-activity relationships (SAR) of some important compounds are also briefly discussed. Finally, current challenges and future research perspectives are proposed based on opinions from many previous reviews. 相似文献
10.
Christof Baum Peter Rohde Lars Friedrichs Stefan Carl Ludger Kalmer Torsten Bendig 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(9):5159-5165