System for quasi‐continuous simultaneous measurement of oxygen diffusion rate and redox potential in soil

Oxygen diffusion rate (ODR) and redox potential (E_H) are quantitative indices representing oxygen availability and redox status in soils, which is valuable information for better understanding causes and effects of soil aeration. Because these indices are spatially and temporally highly variable, continuous measurements and adequate numbers of repetitions are essential for accurate in situ monitoring. Here, we present a new, fully automated recording system for in situ measurements where ODR and E_H are measured at the same platinum electrode. The conflict between electrode polarization for ODR and the resulting biased E_H readings is solved by reducing the polarization time and introducing a recovery interval between two consecutive measurement cycles. The shorter polarization time ensures accurate E_H readings. It also results in moderately overestimated ODR readings, but this can be corrected before data analysis. The recovery interval restricts temporal resolution of the E_H‐ODR data pairs to 8 h. We illustrate the use of the system with measurements in a field experiment in Zürich, Switzerland. ODR curves at different depths ran roughly parallel to the corresponding curves of O₂ concentration in soil air but ODR was much more sensitive to precipitation. Low ODR was a necessary but not a sufficient condition for declining E_H. E_H ran parallel to O₂ concentration in soil air rather than to ODR. The fully automated system allows for time series of replicate measurements in multifactorial field studies with reasonable labor requirements. It may be particularly suitable for studies examining the effects of soil tillage, compaction, and irrigation, where structure‐related soil properties such as porosity, gas permeability, and soil aeration play a dominant role.     

关于货位可移动式货架立体仓库的探讨

在现有自动化立体仓库设备的基础上提出了一种新型的以货位可移动式货架为核心的自动化仓库作业方案,阐述了该模式下实现货物自动入库、出库的工作原理以及相关的拣货方法和机械设备的选择.并通过与几种不同设备的比较得出该方案的优势,为现代物流自动化仓库的发展提出了新的思想理念.     

根际通气对盆栽番茄生长及水分利用率的影响

为探索适宜作物生长的水气环境,在3种土壤水分水平下,采用50％土壤孔隙率的1.6,1.2,0.8,0.4,0五种通气系数等处理方法,研究了根际通气对盆栽番茄生长指标与根系生长,以及水分利用率的影响.结果表明:适宜的土壤水分与适宜的通气量相结合对番茄生长具有显著的促进作用,通气处理促进了番茄植株的生长,提高了番茄的根系活...     

Performance evaluation of venturi aeration system

The venturi aeration is an effective practice to increase the dissolved oxygen accessibility in the water bodies. This study aims to optimize the various geometrical parameters of the venturi aeration system. A non-dimensional technique was applied to find the optimum performance of various geometric parameters i.e. throat lengths (t_l), number of air holes (N), and converging and diverging angles (α and β). These experiments have been carried out using 1124 L capacity of tank having dimensions of 105 cm long, 105 cm wide and 102 cm deep. The experiments were conducted at a constant flow velocity of water (1.096 m/s) with varying throat length (t_l = 20–100 mm keeping 20 mm as interval between two consecutive length), number of air holes (N = 1–17 at an equal hole to hole distance of 5 mm between them), and converging and diverging angles (α and β = 10°, 15°, 20° and 25°). Multiple non-linear regression equations were also developed from the linear relation with the dependent variable (Non-dimensional form of standard aeration efficiency, NDSAE) and independent variables (t_l and N). With the geometrically optimized venturi aerator the optimum performance was found for t_l =100 mm, N = 17, and α and β = 15°. The maximum value of standard oxygen transfer rate (SOTR) and standard aeration efficiency (SAE) obtained was 0.0216 kgO₂/h and 0.611 kgO₂/kWh respectively. From the non-dimensional study, it was found that the NDSAE is the function Reynolds number (Re) and Froude number (Fr). The simulation equations were developed on the basis of Re and Fr for NDSAE, and subjected to 7.378 × 10⁻⁶ < Re < 3.689 × 10^-5 and 0.163 < Fr < 0.817, respectively.     

加气灌溉对温室番茄生长及产量的影响

在地下滴灌条件下,作物根系集中在滴头周围生长,易于出现缺氧症状,针对这一问题,运用对照处理方法,研究了加气灌溉对番茄生长发育及产量等方面的影响,并对不同灌水水平下的加气灌溉进行了比较。结果表明,加气处理均可促进番茄生长提高产量,但优果率不高。其中,相较于对照,相同灌水量加气灌溉对开花时间影响不大,但增高13.90%,增...     

自动化温室测控系统的设计

温室测控系统是对温室环境囚素(如温度、湿度和CO2浓度等)进行相应地修正或调整，使植物生长处于最佳或相对最佳的生长环境条件中。为此，介绍了自动化温室测控系统的工作原理和系统的硬件实现方法，并说明了软件的设计及功能。     

Bubbleless Aerated Membrane Bioreactor for Ramie Degumming Wastewater Treatment

Through introducing the principle of bubbleless aerated membrane bioreactor, the traditional membrane bioreactor was improved. It could be obtained that the removal efficiency of COD and NH3 - N in bubbleless aerated membrane bioreactor increased 4% and 2% than that in traditional membrane bioreactor, respectively. Adopting bubbleless aeration as reflushing air which not only increased DO in the MBR, but also advanced the oxygen utilization, and the energy consumption decreased as well.     

Discussion of the Application and Foreground of Falling Water Aeration with the Process of Sewage Treatment

The engineering design of sewage treatment plant for the Chongqing city, P. R. China is analyzed in this paper. Considering the situation of China and other projects, the characteristics of falling water reactor for the environment protection project and economy of investment is introduced ; the application and foreground of falling water aeration in the process of sewage treatment is discussed, such as Oxidation - ditch, SBR, and so on. The conclusion indicated that the falling water aeration can be designed and used as an independent aeration, and, it is an upgraded technology of sewage treatment which is adaptive for city water environment control in middle and small towns in China. The falling water aeration may reduce running cost of the sewage treatment plant, is adaptive for foothill and the mountainous areas, and reduces project investment and environments damage.     

土壤通气性对甘薯养分吸收、~(14)C同化物分配及产量的影响

选用鲁薯 7号和徐薯 1 8为材料 ,研究了土壤通气性对甘薯无机养分吸收、14 C 同化物分配和块根产量的影响。结果表明 :改善土壤的通气性可以增加叶片中钾、钙、锰、硼和锌的含量 ,增加块根中钾和钙的含量 ,减少块根中锰、硼和锌的含量 ,促进14 C 同化物由叶片向块根的运转和分配 ,提高块根中淀粉含量 ,极显著地提高了块根的产量。本文讨论了矿质元素在促进14 C 同化物由叶片向块根运输中的作用