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农田汇水河道水生植物原位净化工程处理效果分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
为了研究水生植物原位净化工程处理效果,于2017年5—11月,在江苏省泗洪县四河乡的农田汇水河道,利用水葫芦和绿狐尾藻构建组合生态浮床,沿着水流方向设置4个水质采样点,每月监测水体基本理化指标,主要包括水温(T)、酸碱度(pH)、溶解氧(DO)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、化学需氧量(COD_(Cr))、悬浮物(SS),分析河段水质沿程变化;在试验开始时、每次采收时监测单位面积植物生物量,干物质含量与氮磷含量,计算植物氮磷富集量。结果显示:植物种养后,沿程各采样点数据对比,水体pH值逐渐趋于中性;各采样时间数据对比,水体DO浓度呈升高趋势。在植物旺盛生长期(7—10月),组合生态浮床对河段水体TN、TP、COD和SS的沿程总消减率分别为50.41%~78.00%、44.62%~73.33%、46.15%~57.82%和33.33%~52.38%,其中最高值出现在8月。按照有效试验周期180 d(5—10月)计算,水葫芦的氮、磷去除量分别约为0.76 g·m~(-2)·d~(-1)和0.09 g·m~(-2)·d~(-1);绿狐尾藻的氮、磷去除量分别约为1.17 g·m~(-2)·d~(-1)和0.08 g·m~(-2)·d~(-1)。除了植物自身的吸收作用,根系微生物降解作用在污染物净化过程中也发挥了重要作用。在农田汇水河道原位净化工程中,水葫芦与绿狐尾藻组合生态浮床大幅消减水体氮磷浓度,有效降解有机物及拦截颗粒物,对于缓解下游水域富营养化问题具有积极的意义。  相似文献   
3.
2019 年 8 月对韶关北江特有珍稀鱼类省级自然保护区内水域开展了浮游植物、浮游动物、底栖动物等调查,共发现浮游植物种类 6 门 67 种(属),浮游动物 68 种(属),大型底栖动物 3 门 27 属(科)。浮游植物种群丰度为 6.41×105~11.03×105 cells/L,Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数为 2.226~2.803;浮游动物种群丰度为 54~151.25 ind/L,Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数为 2.814~3.244;底栖动物种群丰度的变化范围为 18~102 ind/m2。表明:韶关北江特有珍稀鱼类自然保护区内水体为中营养型,生物多样性指数一般,水体环境质量中等,水体受污染程度较低。  相似文献   
4.
近期暴发的新冠肺炎使人们谈食色变,针对水生野生动物的保护与利用问题备受社会各界人士的关注。水生野生动物作为一种宝贵的自然资源同时也是生态系统中的重要组成部分,其价值不仅体现在维持生态平衡上,也体现在满足人类养殖开发与利用上。水生野生动物在实现社会经济可持续发展,改善和丰富人民的物质和文化生活中具有不可代替的重要位置。但是,在针对水生野生动物保护与利用之间是存在矛盾的。本文从水生野生动物保护与养殖利用的关系等方面进行阐述,并从水生野生动物野外资源保护和规范水生动物的繁殖与利用等方面进行展望。呼吁社会积极鼓励和宣传水生野生动物合理的驯养繁殖及加工利用事业,引导消费者正确食用安全的驯养产品,进而实现扩大、改善水生野生动物生存空间和环境,实现水生野生动物种群规模不断发展壮大,最终实现水生野生动物资源的可持续性与合理的永续利用。  相似文献   
5.
为建立快速筛选孔雀石绿的前处理方法,对标行标水产品中孔雀石绿的快速检测胶体金免疫层析法(KJ201701),用于水产品中药物残留的现场快速检测使用。试验采用提取、氧化、浓缩和复溶四个步骤,对氮吹、SPE柱、反萃取三种不同提取方式进行前处理优化和比较,通过胶体金免疫层析试纸条进行检测。结果表明:三种方法均能达到同时检测水产品中孔雀石绿的目的,检测时间为反向萃取法相似文献   
6.
  1. In 1949, Aldo Leopold formalized the concept of the ‘land ethic’, in what emerged as a foundational and transformational way of thinking about natural resource management, biodiversity conservation, and stewardship in terrestrial systems. Yet, the land ethic has inherent linkages to aquatic ecosystems; Leopold himself conducted research on rivers and lakes, and freshwater ecosystems figured widely in his writing.
  2. We reflect on the land ethic and other aspects of Leopold's scholarship to identify key messages that provide insight into the stewardship and management of freshwater ecosystems around the globe. We also frame what we call the ‘freshwater ethic’ around Leopold's legacy. Although Leopold could not have envisaged the stressors affecting modern aquatic ecosystems, his core principles remain salient. These apply not only to ecosystem protection, but also to the ethics of modern conservation economics, sustainability, and the protection of natural capital, in which lakes, rivers, and wetlands now figure prominently.
  3. We identify key ‘Aldo-inspired’ recommendations for protecting and restoring freshwater ecosystems in the Anthropocene that emanate directly from his writings (e.g. adopt an ecosystem approach, identify win–win–win scenarios, recognize the irreplaceability of wild waters, and strive for freshwater optimism).
  4. In an epoch where links between people and nature are becoming more explicit in environmental management, policy, and governance, we suggest that Aldo Leopold's work illustrates how inspirational, seminal thinkers have offered leadership in this domain. We contend that today there is still much that can be learned from Leopold, especially by the next generation of environmental practitioners, to ensure the effective stewardship of our aquatic ecosystems.
  5. We submit that the adoption of a freshwater ethic in parallel with Leopold's land ethic will enhance the stewardship of the world's increasingly threatened fresh waters by raising the profile of the plight of fresh waters and identifying enduring actions that, if embraced, will help conserve and restore biodiversity.
  相似文献   
7.
本文通过调研水产品在流通、加工、贮藏和零售四个产业链环节的损耗情况,对不同类型水产品损耗原因和差异进行分析,提出降低我国水产品产业链损耗的建议措施。单一水产品品种的损耗率数据通过调研直接获得,水产品(整体)及各品类产业链损耗率基于2008-2019年水产品品类及品种产量结构加权计算所得。结果显示:2008-2019年,我国水产品年均损耗量426.55万吨,年均损耗率8.09%。其中海水养殖、淡水养殖、海洋捕捞水产品的损耗率分别为12.37%、6.59%、5.82%。从产业环节看,水产品流通环节损耗量117.73万吨,损耗率2.23%;加工环节损耗量169.67万吨,损耗率3.22%;贮藏环节损耗量40.83万吨,损耗率0.77%;零售环节损耗量98.32万吨,损耗率1.86%。以鲜活方式流通与消费容易导致更高的损耗率,海水养殖产品损耗率较大、接近淡水养殖和海洋捕捞的总和,加工和流通是产业链的薄弱环节。为进一步降低损耗,应扩大加工产品消费,鼓励加工技术创新;升级冷链物流体系,降低产品物理损耗;促进组织化发展,提高标准化作业水平。  相似文献   
8.
Microbiological analyses were conducted on wild eels from the L′Albufera Lake (Spain). A total of 174 individuals were collected in two surveys (i.e. year 2008 and autumn–winter 2014) among those caught by local fishermen into the lagoon. The prevalence of Shewanella putrefaciens group was 1.7% in 2008 and rose above 32% in 2014. It was due to an outbreak of shewanellosis that presented a morbidity rate of 64%. S. putrefaciens group strains were isolated as pure cultures from the sick eels that showed white ulcers surrounded by a reddish inflammation, damage of the mouth, extensive skin discoloration, exophthalmia, ascites and bad odour. The S. putrefaciens group was recovered from freshwater samples taken at the L′Albufera system, along autumn–winter 2015. Its counts significantly increased in freshwater parallel to hypoxia and temperature rising. Shewanellae strains were identified as S. putrefaciens and S. xiamenensis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. These isolates recovered from sick eels or freshwater were virulent for European eel by IP challenge (LD50 106 CFU g?1 body weight). They also caused 30–38% cumulative mortality, in European eels challenged by a 2‐h bath (107 CFU mL?1). These results suggest that shewanellosis could be transmitted through water highlighting the fact that hypoxic conditions increase this bacterium levels in water.  相似文献   
9.
为优化浮性水产饲料挤压膨化加工参数,以膨化度、容积密度、吸水性和溶失率作为饲料加工品质评价指标,采用响应面分析法研究了螺杆转速、出料段机筒温度和物料含水率对饲料加工品质的影响,并利用扫面电镜观测了饲料微观形貌。结果表明:适中的螺杆转速、出料段机筒温度以及低物料含水率,有利于形成较高的饲料膨化度;高螺杆转速与高出料段机筒温度有利于形成较低的饲料容积密度、吸水性以及溶失率;优化后的浮性水产饲料膨化加工参数为螺杆转速130 r·min-1,出料段机筒温度150 ℃,物料含水率10%,其加工后的饲料膨化度、容积密度、吸水性和溶失率分别为1.223、0.398 g·mL-1、214.803%、4.297%;优化后的浮性水产饲料微观表面相对光滑圆润,物料的熔融效果较好,结构质密,饲料膨化加工综合质量较好。  相似文献   
10.
Design and reporting quality of diagnostic accuracy studies (DAS) are important metrics for assessing utility of tests used in animal and human health. Following standards for designing DAS will assist in appropriate test selection for specific testing purposes and minimize the risk of reporting biased sensitivity and specificity estimates. To examine the benefits of recommending standards, design information from published DAS literature was assessed for 10 finfish, seven mollusc, nine crustacean and two amphibian diseases listed in the 2017 OIE Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals. Of the 56 DAS identified, 41 were based on field testing, eight on experimental challenge studies and seven on both. Also, we adapted human and terrestrial‐animal standards and guidelines for DAS structure for use in aquatic animal diagnostic research. Through this process, we identified and addressed important metrics for consideration at the design phase: study purpose, targeted disease state, selection of appropriate samples and specimens, laboratory analytical methods, statistical methods and data interpretation. These recommended design standards for DAS are presented as a checklist including risk‐of‐failure points and actions to mitigate bias at each critical step. Adherence to standards when designing DAS will also facilitate future systematic review and meta‐analyses of DAS research literature.  相似文献   
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