硫酸锰溶液处理对玉米种子抗氧化酶活性的影响

Two kinds of corn were used as materials,changes of SOD,CAT,POD and MDA Contents after Germination of maize seeds in five different concentrations of manganese sulphate were studied.The results show that the content of MDA was significantly different among different varieties,difference was very significant compared with control.The activities of antioxidant enzymes of HuangJinNuo 1 first increased then decreased after treated with manganese sulfate,while that of YinLong BaiYuNou continuous elevation,the resistance of Maize after manganese sulphate increased during germination.     

草甘膦铵盐对3种滩涂动物抗氧化酶、丙二醛及大弹涂鱼红细胞微核的影响

为评价草甘膦对河口及滩涂水域生物的影响，采用室内人工染毒法，研究了草甘膦铵盐对可口革囊星虫Phascolosoma esculenta、缢蛏Sinonovacula constricta Lamark和大弹涂鱼Boleophthalmus pectinirostris 3种滩涂动物超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、丙二醛 (MDA) 及大弹涂鱼红细胞微核的影响。结果表明:经低浓度 (63.5 mg/L) 草甘膦短时间 (2 d) 染毒后，可口革囊星虫肠组织的SOD、CAT活性值及MDA含量分别为231.54、1.719 U/mg pro. 和0.60 nmol/mg pro.，3种指标均显著或极显著高于相应对照值 (204.88、1.521 U/mg pro. 和0.54 nmol/mg pro.)，且随着药剂处理浓度增加，SOD、CAT活性及MDA含量均升高；但当染毒时间延长至8 d时，可口革囊星虫肠组织的SOD、CAT活性值及MDA含量均明显降低，分别为155.67、1.403 U/mg pro. 和0.53 nmol/mg pro.，显著低于对照，且随药剂处理浓度进一步增加，酶活性及MDA含量值降低更显著。草甘膦对缢蛏内脏团及大弹涂鱼肝脏SOD、CAT活性及MDA含量的影响表现出类似规律。此外，经低浓度 (53.5 mg/L) 草甘膦染毒8 d后，大弹涂鱼红细胞微核率及核异常率分别为17.00‰ 和21.33‰，均极显著高于相应对照值 (13.67‰ 和13.33‰)，且随着草甘膦浓度增大，其红细胞微核率及核异常率均显著升高，表明大弹涂鱼对草甘膦有较高的敏感性。所得研究结果可为评价草甘膦对河口及滩涂水域生物的影响提供参考依据。     

生长调节物质对小豆豆芽营养成分影响和功能性评价

为筛选最适合芽菜培养的小豆品种,以‘白红8号’为试材,设置3种生长调节物质(乙酰水杨酸、乙烯利和6-苄氨基腺嘌呤(6-BA))的各6个浓度(0.0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5 mmol/L;0、20、30、40、50、60 mg/L和0、2、3、4、5、6 mg/L)喷施处理,测定其生物特性(上胚轴长度、上胚轴直径、萌发率、鲜重、干重和产出比)、营养成分(可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖)及抗氧化等特性。结果表明:3种生长调节物质喷施处理都能够提升其营养价值,在乙烯利喷施浓度为50 mg/L,‘白红8号’小豆芽苗菜中各营养成分、酶活性及抗氧化性等均可达到最大值,显著提高了其营养价值。因此,为提高生产中小豆芽苗菜的产量和营养价值,最终确定乙烯利喷施浓度为50 mg/L效果最佳。     

带鱼高F值寡肽的制备工艺及活性

以带鱼为原料,通过双酶分步水解制备蛋白酶解液,利用活性炭吸附脱除芳香族氨基酸,紫外和氨基酸组成分析测定高F值寡肽(HFP)的F值,并对昆明小鼠体内的活性进行了系统评价。酶解实验结果显示,带鱼蛋白采用胃蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶进行双酶分步水解,胃蛋白酶的最优酶解工艺参数为酶用量3%,料液比1∶5(g/m L),温度35°C,p H 2.0,酶解时间3 h;风味蛋白酶的最优酶解工艺参数为酶用量3%,p H 7.0,温度50°C,酶解时间3 h。活性炭型号筛选和脱芳工艺研究表明,4号粉末活性炭(200目)优于其他4种活性炭,在料液比1∶20(g/m L)、p H 6.0、常温下处理4 h,蛋液的脱芳率最高,F值(OD220/OD280)由脱芳前的5.75增加到脱芳后的30.72。制备的带鱼高F值寡肽经氨基酸组成分析验证,F值(支链氨基酸/芳香族氨基酸)为28.06。活性实验结果显示,与对照组相比,高F值寡肽剂量组昆明小鼠的醉酒时间明显延长,醒酒时间显著缩短,力竭游泳时间明显延长,游泳后的剂量组肝糖原和肌糖原含量增加,血清尿素氮和乳酸含量下降,而乳酸脱氢酶活性则明显提高。另外,剂量组小鼠体内的抗氧化酶SOD、GSH-Px和CAT的活性均显著提高,而丙二醛含量则显著减少。本实验为带鱼高F值寡肽的制备提供技术支持,所制备的高F值寡肽对小鼠具有较好的抗醉酒、醒酒、抗疲劳作用和抗氧化活性。     

Crude garlic extract significantly inhibits replication of grapevine viruses

Efforts to control viral diseases of grapevine include the production of certified material and development of virus-resistant transgenic grapevines. However, effective antiviral agents, once the viruses have infected the plants, are still lacking. This study shows that a crude garlic extract has significant antiviral activity against grapevine viruses. Replication of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (GLRaV-2) was obviously inhibited in grapevine cv. Cabernet Sauvignon calli treated with diluted (1:100) garlic extract. The relative RNA levels of GLRaV-2 and grapevine fleck virus (GFkV) in cv. Summer Black grapevine in in vitro-grown plantlets 10 days after treatment with diluted (1:100) garlic extract were about 22% and 20%, respectively, of that in controls. The viral RNA accumulation of GLRaV-2, GFkV, grapevine virus A (GVA), grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) and grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV) in field-grown grapevine cv. Centennial Seedless plants sprayed with diluted (1:100) garlic extract were about 31–40%, 26–38%, 18–31%, 17–42% and 15–18%, respectively, of that in controls. Moreover, the garlic extract treatment led to a significant decrease in viral RNA accumulation of GLRaV-3, GLRaV-2, GVA, GFkV, GFLV, GRSPaV and grapevine Pinot Gris virus in pot-grown grapevine cv. Shine Muscat plants, and viral disease symptoms in these plants were obviously attenuated. In addition, this extract significantly induced expression of pathogenesis-related protein genes and stimulated activity of antioxidant enzymes in grapevines. Taken together, these results indicate that the crude garlic extract acts as a significant inhibitor against a broad range of grapevine viruses.     

Orange peel fragment improves antioxidant capacity and haematological profile of Nile tilapia subjected to heat/dissolved oxygen‐induced stress

This study evaluated the ability of orange peel fragment (OPF) to act as a functional feedstuff, influencing growth, haematological profile, and antioxidant enzyme activity of Nile tilapia subjected heat/dissolved oxygen‐induced stress (HDOIS). A group of 440 male Nile tilapia (31.7 g ± 0.34) was randomly distributed in 40 250‐L aquaria (11 fish/tank) and fed five practical diets with graded levels of OPF at 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8% for 70 days. The diets were formulated to contain 30% crude protein and 18 MJ/kg crude energy. After the feeding period, growth performance was evaluated and six fish per treatment were sampled for haematological profile and antioxidant enzyme activity, before and after HDOIS. Then, fish were subjected to HDOIS (32°C/2.3 mg/L dissolved oxygen) for three days and the same haematological profile and antioxidant enzyme activity were determined. There was no effect of OPF on the haematological profile, either before or after HDOIS. The polynomial regression model was used to express the relationship between antioxidant enzymes activity and OPF supplementation level. The maximum activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase was reached at 0.66%, 0.63%, and 0.68% of OPF respectively. Results of the present study suggest that a dietary supplementation level of 0.63%–0.68% of orange peel fragment was appropriate to maintain Nile tilapia haematological profile and improve its antioxidant capacity under HDOIS.     

亚慢性铜暴露对背角无齿蚌鳃抗氧化系统的影响

为探究淡水环境中铜(Copper, Cu)污染对背角无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana)鳃抗氧化系统的影响,检测了Cu~(2+)(0.137、0.548、2.192 mg·L~(-1))暴露于背角无齿蚌7、14、21、28 d后,其鳃中超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxidase,GPx)和谷胱甘肽转硫酶(Glutathione-S-transferase,GST)的活性,还原型谷胱甘肽(Reduced glutathione,GSH)和丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)的含量及总抗氧化能力(Total antioxidant capacity,TAOC)的变化。结果显示:随着Cu~(2+)浓度的增加和暴露时间的延长,MDA含量逐渐上升,表现出明显的"剂量-效应"和"时间-效应"关系;抗氧化酶SOD、GPx和GST活性均被显著诱导(P0.05), CAT活性被显著抑制(P0.05),抗氧化剂GSH含量显著降低(P0.05);Cu~(2+)暴露14、21、28 d,T-AOC与对照组相比均显著升高(P0.05)。总体而言,背角无齿蚌鳃抗氧化系统在Cu~(2+)暴露下被激活,但是鳃组织器官仍然受到了氧化损伤。GPx、GST和GSH对Cu~(2+)暴露响应最为灵敏。     

玉米自交系苗期对高温胁迫的响应机制及其抗逆性

高温胁迫影响夏播玉米自交系幼苗生长、田间整齐度和制种产量,探究玉米幼苗期对温度胁迫的响应机制,有利于培育和筛选抗性优良的品种。该试验选取了浙江大学育成的耐热型和热敏感型自交系各2份,45 ℃进行高温胁迫处理,经高温处理后进行叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶活性测定,以及相关基因表达分析。结果表明,经过高温胁迫处理并恢复生长后,与耐热型自交系相比,热敏感型自交系的叶绿素a、b含量、叶绿素a/b值、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性均下降,而脯氨酸含量小幅上升。利用qRT-PCR技术对脯氨酸合成途径的关键酶基因ZmP5CS、降解途径的关键酶基因ZmProDH、热激蛋白基因ZmHSP70和ZmHSP90在高温胁迫条件下的表达特性进行了分析,发现ZmP5CS、ZmHSP70和ZmHSP90明显受热胁迫诱导,并且热敏感型自交系中ZmP5CS、ZmHSP70和ZmHSP90的表达量均显著低于耐热型自交系,而ZmProDH的表达量显著高于耐热型自交系,由此说明,高温胁迫过程中脯氨酸的积累、抗氧化酶活性和热激蛋白基因表达的增强是玉米幼苗耐热性形成的响应机制。     

饲料中花生四烯酸含量对刺参生长性能、抗氧化能力及脂肪酸代谢的影响

为探究饲料中添加花生四烯酸(arachidonic acid,ARA)对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)生长性能、抗氧化能力及脂肪酸代谢的影响,选用初始体重为(10.78±0.06)g的刺参为研究对象,以鱼粉和发酵豆粕为主要蛋白质源,小麦粉为主要糖源制作基础饲料,通过在基础饲料中添加不同比例的ARA-纯化油,制成ARA含量分别为0.02%(对照组)、0.17%、0.36%、0.51%、0.59%和0.98%(占饲料干重)的6组等氮等脂的实验饲料,在室内循环水养殖系统进行为期56 d的养殖实验。结果表明,随着饲料中ARA含量的升高,刺参增重率(weight gain rate,WGR)呈先上升后降低的趋势,0.36%和0.51%ARA饲料组刺参WGR显著高于其他处理组(P0.05),刺参的特定生长率(specific growth rate,SGR)和饲料效率(feed efficiency,FE)与WGR具有相同的变化趋势;刺参体壁粗脂肪含量随饲料ARA含量升高呈先降低后升高的趋势,在0.51%ARA饲料组含量最低,且显著低于对照组与0.98%ARA饲料组(P0.05);同时,随饲料中ARA含量的提高,刺参体壁中ARA和n-6多不饱和脂肪酸(n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids,n-6 PUFA)含量呈显著上升趋势,而二十碳五烯酸(eicosapentaenioc acid,EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid,DHA)和n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids,n-3 PUFA)含量显著降低(P0.05);抗氧化能力方面,0.36%和0.51%ARA饲料组刺参肠道中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)和总抗氧化能力酶(total antioxidant capacity enzyme,T-AOC)活性均显著高于对照组与0.98%ARA饲料组(P0.05),而肠道丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量呈相反的变化趋势(P0.05);刺参肠道中脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acid synthase,FAS)和乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(acetyl-Co A carboxylase,ACC)活性随饲料ARA含量的升高呈显著降低趋势(P0.05);刺参肠道中肉毒碱棕榈酰转移酶-1(carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1,CPT-1)活性随饲料ARA含量升高呈先升高后降低的趋势(P0.05)。研究表明,在本实验条件下,饲料中添加适量ARA(0.36%~0.51%)能够对刺参生长、抗氧化能力起到一定的促进作用,同时结果显示,饲料ARA含量会对刺参肠道内脂肪酸代谢产生一定的影响。