Impact of ethanol,succinic acid,and the combination thereof at levels produced during sponge fermentation on hard wheat,soft wheat,and durum wheat farinograph rheology

The sponge and dough mixing process is one of the most common in the world, yet the mechanistic understanding of this process has yet to be sufficiently explored. In this study, aqueous solutions of ethanol, succinic acid, and their combination were prepared at concentrations intended to replicate fermentation times of 3, 4 and 6 h. These solutions were added to a farinograph mixer to make dough using hard wheat, soft wheat, and durum wheat flour. The results indicate that these yeast metabolites (ethanol, succinic acid) impact the mixing resistance, peak mixing value, and dough mixing stability in each of the flour types, likely primarily affected by the ratios of gliadin to glutenin and LMW glutenin in each flour type. Results suggest a stabilizing non-covalent interaction imparted by gliadin at peak mixing time, a stabilizing effect of HMW glutenin during break down, and synergistic effects of ethanol and succinic acid that leads to a faster rate of breakdown in later stages of mixing. It also suggests an increase in mixing resistance when acidulants are added to durum wheat dough. Taken together, this study adds new insights on the sponge and dough mixing process in a way that has not previously been conducted.     

建设用地集约利用评价指标的权重确定方法研究

基于建设用地集约利用评价指标,应用文献统计法和综合分析法,阐述了中国建设用地及建设用地集约利用评价指标权重赋权方法的现状,着重研究了各种权重确定方法在建设用地集约评价中的实践应用,并对其进行总结和讨论,探讨了建设用地集约利用评价指标权重确定方法的发展趋势.     

Surgical Repair of a Diaphragmatic Tear in a Thoroughbred Broodmare

A 9-year-old multiparous Thoroughbred broodmare presented for evaluation of acute signs of colic. The patient had a 4-month history of poor appetite, weight loss, and decreased body condition after parturition, despite appropriate feeding by the farm to minimize weight loss associated with increased nutrient requirements. The patient was diagnosed with a diaphragmatic hernia through transabdominal and thoracic ultrasonography. The diaphragmatic hernia was repaired surgically under general anesthesia.     

红曲发酵力测定方法的可行性研究

红曲米是福建红曲黄酒酿制过程中重要的糖化发酵剂。发酵力是衡量酿造用红曲品质的一个重要指标。研究通过酒精测定法和二氧化碳失重法测定酿造用红曲的发酵力,以评价2种发酵力测定方法的可行性。结果表明,二氧化碳失重法更适合于红曲米发酵力的测定。研究还对福建省20个红曲米的发酵力进行了测定,结果表明用二氧化碳生成量能够很好地表征红曲米发酵力的强弱。红曲米发酵力测定方法可行性分析对红曲米相关标准的制定具有重要意义。     

Effectiveness of strategic anthelmintic treatments in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fasciola gigantica</Emphasis> in cattle in Iringa region,Tanzania

A longitudinal field trial was conducted to determine the effectiveness of strategic anthelmintic treatments in the control of gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes and Fasciola gigantica in cattle. A total of 167 cattle (6–18 months) from three large-scale dairy farms, four traditional farms and nine small-scale dairy farms were randomly selected. The selected animals on each farm were ear tagged and allocated into three groups based on live weight and treated as follows: Group T4 was treated with albendazole 10% drench at 10 mg/kg four times a year (mid rainy, end of the rain, mid dry and late dry/early rainy season). Group T2 was treated with albendazole 10% drench at 10 mg/kg two times a year (mid rainy and late dry/early rainy season). Group UT remained as untreated control. Faecal, blood and pasture samples were taken every month for 13 months. In addition, individual body weight (BWT) was measured on every sampling date. Results showed that two and four strategic treatments significantly reduced faecal egg counts (FEC) by 49.5% and 62.3% respectively compared to untreated control animals (P < 0.001). Two and four strategic treatments per year significantly reduced the proportion of animals passing Fasciola eggs in faeces by 30.6% and 51.7% (P < 0.001), respectively. Animals treated two and four times a year significantly outgained untreated animals by 14.8 kg and 17.7 kg respectively at the end of the trial (P < 0.05). The management system had a significant effect on packed cell volume and the proportion of animals passing Fasciola eggs in faeces (P < 0.05). The programme of two strategic treatments per year was only effective in controlling GI nematodes. It is concluded that a programme of four strategic treatments per year was effective in controlling GI nematodes and F. gigantica and improved weight gain.     

基于生存模型的上海F1赛事游客停留时间研究

采用文献资料法、三维摄像解析法，对获得2011年全国长投公开赛女子链球冠军张文秀的投掷技术进行拍摄、解析，对单、双脚支撑时间、旋转阶段时间特征、速度及加速距离变化、链球的旋转半径等进行运动学分析并与国外优秀女子链球运动员相比较，收集数据并作统计学处理。从录像和数据分析中，找出张文秀旋转技术上的不足，针对问题提出了改进旋转技术的建议，为训练提供参考，为提高我国链球运动水平提供理论依据。     

溶胀剂U预处理对真丝织物性能及丝纤维结构的影响

为利用溶胀剂的膨化和分纤作用提高真丝织物的接枝增重率和改善织物的性能,采用不同浓度的溶胀剂U对真丝织物进行预处理,再以甲基丙烯酰胺(MAA)为单体,过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂对真丝织物接枝增重。选择体积分数为10%的溶胀剂U对真丝织物进行预处理,丝纤维直径由11.90μm增加至14.24μm,起到了较好的膨化和分纤作用,织物的强力、折皱回复角、白度损失也较小。与未进行预处理的真丝织物相比,用10%溶胀剂U预处理后真丝织物的接枝增重率提高,织物的强力、折皱回复角、白度得到改善。真丝织物经10%溶胀剂U预处理后进行丝纤维微观结构形貌表征:红外光谱(IR)显示丝纤维仍保持着β-折叠结构;扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观测到丝纤维表面覆盖的聚合物减少,横截面变粗,直径变大,出现分纤现象和微孔特征;X-射线衍射分析表明丝纤维的结晶度提高。     

Effects of strategic helminthosis control on age at first lambing and lambing interval of communally grazed Menz ewes in Ethiopia

A three-year longitudinal study was conducted to evaluate effects of strategic anthelmintic treatment regimes on age at first lambing (AFL), weight at first lambing (WFL) and lambing interval (LI) of 356 communally grazed ewes and 675 lambs owned by 10 smallholder farmers in the central highlands of Ethiopia. The ewes were stratified by weight and randomly allocated to three treatment groups as untreated control (TG1), twice-dosed per year (TG2) for both nematodes and trematodes in mid-January and mid-June and four-time-dosed per year (TG3) in June for nematodes, in August–September for nematodes and adult Fasciola, in November–December and January–February for immature flukes. The fixed effect of anthelmintic treatments, parity, season and year of lambing on AFL and LI was evaluated. Mean ± standard error (SE) of lambing interval was 292 ± 3 days. Both anthelmintic treatments (TG2 and TG3) shortened (P < 0.01) LI by about 23 days compared to non-treated ewes (TG1). Season and year of lambing had a significant (P < 0.001) effect on LI. Mean ± SE of AFL and WFL was 598 ± 10 days and 17.2 ± 1.37 kg, respectively. Anthelmintic treatments and parity of dam of the ewe lamb did not affect AFL (P > 0.05). Birth and lambing seasons of the ewe lamb had significant (P < 0.05) effect on AFL. On the other hand, lambing season of the ewe had significant (P < 0.05) effect on WFL. Ewe lambs born in the long rains lambed more than 50 days earlier than the ewe lambs born in short rainy and dry seasons. Lambing occurred year-round with two peaks in August–September and December–January, each 5 months after the two rainy seasons. Anthelmintic treatment at the beginning of the two rainy seasons should improve reproductive performance of Menz ewe lambs in similar agro-ecology in the central highlands of Ethiopia.