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为了解光氧化水稻的光合特性对UV-B辐射的反应,以籼稻两用不育系812S(野生型)及其光氧化突变株系812HS为材料,在自然条件下,采用40 kJ·m-2·d-1剂量的UV-B增强辐射处理植株65 d,分别在幼苗期、分蘖期、拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期进行相关生理指标检测和分析。结果表明,与自然光照条件相比,增强UV-B辐射使812HS的分蘖数和有效分蘖数减少,植株矮化,但对其生长抑制程度弱于普通水稻;812HS的叶绿素含量在分蘖期显著降低,但降低幅度低于普通水稻,抽穗期后叶绿素含量显著增加,尤其是在灌浆期,812HS叶绿体含量的增加幅度较普通水稻极显著多出34.3个百分点。增强UV-B辐射处理后,812HS的PSⅡ原初光转化效率(Fv/Fm)在分蘖期的提高幅度比普通水稻大,而在拔节期和灌浆期则明显低于普通水稻。PSⅡ失活的原因是质体醌PQs和PSI蛋白复合体对UV-B辐射敏感,电子从QA-向QB-传递过程受阻,致使快还原型库PQ受影响,说明增强UV-B辐射会抑制水稻的光合作用和生长,但对光氧化水稻812HS的抑制效应弱于普通水稻。本研究结果对于深入了解水稻的光氧化知识和丰富水稻栽培生理知识具有积极意义。  相似文献   
3.
为探讨UV-B在植物工厂紫叶生菜水培种植中的应用,本实验在红蓝组合光中添加不同强度的UV-B,研究对紫叶生菜生长及品质的影响。结果表明:随着UV-B强度的增加,紫叶生菜株高及地上鲜重受到显著抑制。高强度下UV-B辐射会降低紫叶生菜可溶性糖和Vc含量,显著增加花青素及总酚含量,提高抗氧化能力。UV-B辐射可以加深紫叶生菜颜色,对鲜重会产生抑制,需要进一步减少辐射时间。  相似文献   
4.
通过田间试验,在UV-B增强和施硅条件下,利用ASD便携式手持光谱仪在水稻分蘖期、拔节期、抽穗期和灌浆期选择典型晴天观测冠层光谱曲线,通过计算一阶导数曲线分析光谱的红边参数特征。UV-B辐射设2个水平,即对照(自然光,ambient UV-B,A)和UV-B增强(比自然光增强20%,elevated UV-B,E);施硅设2个水平,即不施硅和施硅(硅酸钠,200kg SiO_2·hm~(-2))。结果表明:UV-B增强下水稻叶面积指数(LAI)和叶绿素含量(SPAD值)降低,而施硅可提高叶面积指数(LAI)和SPAD值,缓解UV-B增强对水稻生长的抑制作用。各处理间水稻冠层光谱的差异主要体现在近红外波段,UV-B增强使水稻近红外波段反射率降低,施硅使近红外波段反射率上升。UV-B增强使水稻光谱红边位置蓝移,施硅使红边位置红移。随着生育期推移,水稻光谱红边位置、红边幅值和红边面积均呈现先增后减的趋势,且在拔节期达最大。  相似文献   
5.
In this study, the changes in vitamin C, l-ascorbic acid (AA) and l-dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) levels in broccoli flower buds were examined during pre-storage and storage periods, simulating refrigerated transport with wholesale distribution and retail, respectively. Broccoli heads were pre-stored for 4 or 7 days at 0 °C or 4 °C in the dark and then stored for 3 days at 10 °C or 18 °C. During storage the broccoli heads were exposed for 12 h per day to three different levels of visible light (13, 19 or 25 μmol m−2 s−1) or a combination of visible light (19 μmol m−2 s−1) and UV-B irradiation (20 kJ m−2 d−1), or they were stored in the dark. The vitamin C content in broccoli flower buds during storage was significantly affected by pre-storage period and temperature. Higher vitamin C levels in flower buds after storage were observed for broccoli heads pre-stored for 4 days or at 0 °C as compared to those pre-stored for 7 days or at 4 °C. Storage temperature also affected vitamin C in broccoli flower buds, with higher levels observed for broccoli stored at 10 °C than at 18 °C. Hence, vitamin C in broccoli flower buds was demonstrated to decrease together with increasing pre-storage period, pre-storage temperature and storage temperature. AA in broccoli flower buds was influenced mainly by storage temperature and to a minor extent by pre-storage temperature. The DHA level and DHA/AA ratio were stable in flower buds of broccoli pre-stored for 7 days, whereas increasing tendencies for both DHA level and ratio were observed after pre-storage for 4 days. These results indicate a shift in the ascorbate metabolism in broccoli flower buds during storage at low temperatures, with its higher rate observed for broccoli pre-stored for shorter time. There were no effects of the light and UV-B irradiation treatments on vitamin C, AA and DHA levels in broccoli flower buds.  相似文献   
6.
以来源于入侵地美国和中国本地的乌桕(Triadica sebifera)为研究对象,通过模拟UV-B辐射增强、氮沉降加剧,研究两者对不同种源地乌桕种群叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明,UV-B辐射和氮沉降在乌桕株高方面存在显著交互作用,UV-B辐射和种源在Fv/Fm方面存在显著交互作用;UV-B辐射显著增加乌桕SPAD;氮沉降显著增加乌桕SPAD,降低Y(Ⅱ)、ETRmax;氮沉降能减缓UV-B辐射对乌桕株高生长的胁迫作用;来源于入侵地美国的乌桕种群相比于中国本地乌桕种群,具有较高的实际光能转化效率和株高生长速度,较低的SPAD,并对UV-B辐射胁迫更敏感。  相似文献   
7.
Stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is an important wheat disease worldwide that is greatly influenced by environmental conditions. Ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation is one important environmental factor affecting the occurrence and epidemiology of wheat stripe rust. Investigating UV-B radiation effects on the epidemiology of stripe rust may be conducive to monitoring and predicting this disease. In this study, wheat seedlings were exposed to UV-B radiation during different periods under laboratory conditions and radiation effects on epidemiological components of wheat stripe rust were investigated. Results showed that incubation period was shortened, and the infection efficiency, sporulation quantity and disease index increased when UV-B radiation was performed only pre-inoculation. When the UV-B radiation was performed only post-inoculation or both pre- and post-inoculation, the incubation period was prolonged, and the infection efficiency, sporulation quantity and disease index were reduced. When healthy wheat seedlings were inoculated using urediospores collected from wheat leaves irradiated by UV-B only post-inoculation or both pre- and post-inoculation, infection efficiency, sporulation quantity and disease index were also reduced. However, in the latter, the disease incubation period did not differ under varying UV-B radiation intensities compared to that when wheat leaves were not treated with UV-B radiation. Overall, the effects of direct exposure of wheat plants to UV-B radiation with different intensities in different periods on epidemiological components of wheat stripe rust were systematically explored, and the results suggest that the effects of UV-B radiation increased gradually with the increase of UV-B radiation intensity. This information provides a basis for monitoring and predicting this disease as well as for conducting further studies on pathogen virulence variation.  相似文献   
8.
为探讨褪黑素对UV-B辐射后的秦艽原生质体的影响,本研究采用单细胞凝胶电泳技术检测秦艽原生质体DNA损伤程度,选取尾部DNA含量(TailDNA%)作为DNA损伤程度的分析指标.MEL以0、1、10 μmol·L-1的终浓度加入原生质体悬液中,UV-B辐射处理的辐照度为0,5 W·m-2.试验分2组:1)原生质体分别用UV-B辐射处理不同的时间(0、5、10、30、60、120 s),暗培养60 min后电泳.2)原生质体被UV-B照射40 s后,分别暗培养不同时间(0、1、2、3、4、6h),再电泳.结果显示在5~30 s的时间内,辐射时间越长,Tail DNA%越高,相同的辐射时间下,MEL浓度越高,TailDNA%越低;在1~6 h培养时间内,MEL处理的样品,TailDNA%值均低于阳性对照组,并且TailDNA%值的大小与所处理的MEL的浓度呈反比关系.由此可见褪黑素降低了UV-B辐射诱导的植物原生质体DNA损伤程度,促进DNA损伤的修复.本试验应用SCGE技术,进一步揭示了MEL在植物抗环境胁迫中所起到的促进作用.  相似文献   
9.
以黄化番茄和普通番茄幼苗为试材,研究UV-B辐射对番茄幼苗生长和光合作用的影响.结果表明:UVB辐射处理对番茄幼苗株高、茎粗、叶片的抑制作用非常明显,且对叶绿素破坏严重,导致幼苗光合速率降低,类黄酮含量升高10%以上.UV-B处理后两种番茄生长都受到明显抑制,但以黄化苗的变化更为明显,表明黄化番茄幼苗对UV-B辐射更为敏感.  相似文献   
10.
以2个烤烟品种(红花大金元和K326)为供试作物,研究增强UV-B辐射、干旱及交叉胁迫对烟草活性氧水平、膜质过氧化、膜稳定性、抗氧化酶活性等逆境生理指标的影响,旨在揭示植物对紫外和干旱交叉胁迫的适应机制。结果表明:UV-B辐射和干旱胁迫可导致烟草H2O2含量上升,膜稳定性相应下降。当2种胁迫同时发生时,烟草氧化损伤程度低于单因子胁迫或处于2种单因子胁迫之间。产生这种交叉适应性的原因可能是UV-B辐射诱导的抗氧化酶活性增强和干旱诱导的渗透调节物含量增加产生叠加作用,增强了植株的抗氧化能力,从而缓解了彼此对植物体造成的氧化损伤。红大品种获得交叉适应性的能力高于K326。  相似文献   
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