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1.
通过温室盆栽试验研究东方香蒲对重度污染土壤中As、Cd、Pb的耐受性能与累积特征。研究结果表明,与未污染土壤处理相比,当土壤中As、Cd、Pb含量分别达到48.4、16.9mg·kg-1和316mg·kg-1时,东方香蒲生物量、叶绿素含量和过氧化氢酶活性等均无显著降低,东方香蒲对土壤中As、Cd、Pb表现了较强的耐受性能;当土壤中As、Cd、Pb含量分别达到285、42.1、1008mg·kg-1时,东方香蒲生物量、叶绿素含量和过氧化氢酶活性等均明显下降(P〈0.05),表现出植株矮小、叶片枯黄等中毒症状。东方香蒲对土壤中As、Cd、Pb的累积主要在根部,其含量分别可达31.69、35.12mg·kg-1和87.12mg·kg-1,而在茎叶中仅为2.06、2.83mg·kg-1和20.18mg·kg-1,根部向地上部转移系数小。研究结果表明,东方香蒲可作为As、Cd、Pb重度污染土壤植物稳定修复的潜在目标植物之一。  相似文献   
2.
孔庆新  祝冬青 《安徽农业科学》2011,39(20):12027-12028,12033
[目的]研究蒲菜多酚氧化酶(PPO)的酶学性质。[方法]研究蒲菜PPO的吸收光谱和动力学性质,并对温度、pH、底物浓度、抑制剂等因素对蒲菜PPO活性的影响进行探索。[结果]蒲菜PPO催化邻苯二酚的产物在415 nm处有最大吸收峰,动力学方程为:V=0.982[S]/(4.97+[S]),其中,V为反应速度;[S]为底物浓度。蒲菜PPO最适温度为30℃,在95℃、2 min条件下可以有效地抑制蒲菜PPO活性;蒲菜PPO最适pH为6.8,当pH(5.4或pH(7.2时可以有效降低蒲菜PPO活性;柠檬酸、亚硫酸钠、抗坏血酸、EDTA-2Na等抑制剂对PPO均有抑制作用。[结论]蒲菜PPO的酶学性质研究结果可为蒲菜的研究开发提供依据。  相似文献   
3.
Ecosystem and biogeochemical responses to anthropogenic stressors are the result of complex interactions between plants and microbes. A mechanistic understanding of how plant traits influence microbial processes is needed in order to predict the ecosystem-level effects of natural or anthropogenic change. This is particularly true in wetland ecosystems, where plants alter the availability of both electron donors (e.g., organic carbon) and electron acceptors (e.g., oxygen and ferric iron), thereby regulating the total amount of anaerobic respiration and the production of methane, a highly potent greenhouse gas. In this study, we examined how plant traits associated with plant inputs of carbon (photosynthesis and biomass) and oxygen (root porosity and ferric iron on roots) to mineral soils relate to microbial competition for organic carbon and, ultimately, methane production. Plant productivity was positively correlated with microbial respiration and negatively correlated to methane production. Root porosity was relatively constant across plant species, but belowground biomass, total biomass, and the concentration of oxidized (ferric) iron on roots varied significantly between species. As a result the size of the total root oxidized iron pool varied considerably across plant species, scaling with plant productivity. Large pools of oxidized iron were related to high CO2:CH4 ratios during microbial respiration, indicating that as plant productivity and biomass increased, microbes used non-methanogenic respiration pathways, most likely including the reduction of iron oxides. Taken together these results suggest that increased oxygen input from plants with greater biomass can offset any potential stimulation of methanogenic microbes from additional carbon inputs. Because the species composition of plant communities influences both electron donor and acceptor availability in wetland soils, changes in plant species as a consequence of anthropogenic disturbance have the potential to trigger profound effects on microbial processes, including changes in anaerobic decomposition rates and the proportion of mineralized carbon emitted as the greenhouse gas methane.  相似文献   
4.
通过温室盆栽试验研究东方香蒲对重度污染土壤中As、Cd、Pb的耐受性能与累积特征。研究结果表明,与未污染土壤处理相比,当土壤中As、Cd、Pb含量分别达到48.4、16.9mg·kg-1和316mg·kg-1时,东方香蒲生物量、叶绿素含量和过氧化氢酶活性等均无显著降低,东方香蒲对土壤中As、Cd、Pb表现了较强的耐受性能;当土壤中As、Cd、Pb含量分别达到285、42.1、1008mg·kg-1时,东方香蒲生物量、叶绿素含量和过氧化氢酶活性等均明显下降(P<0.05),表现出植株矮小、叶片枯黄等中毒症状。东方香蒲对土壤中As、Cd、Pb的累积主要在根部,其含量分别可达31.69、35.12mg·kg-1和87.12mg·kg-1,而在茎叶中仅为2.06、2.83mg·kg-1和20.18mg·kg-1,根部向地上部转移系数小。研究结果表明,东方香蒲可作为As、Cd、Pb重度污染土壤植物稳定修复的潜在目标植物之一。  相似文献   
5.
检测植物处理污水厂生化尾水的效果和分析植物生理生长特性,为西北干旱半干旱地区人工湿地污水处理系统合理配置土著湿地植物提供理论依据。在复合垂直流-水平流人工湿地中种植芦苇和香蒲,生活污水处理装置的二级生化出水胁迫,植物移栽成活后和收割之前分别检测植物的生理、生长指标和光合参数。结果表明,COD_(Cr)、NH~+_4-N、TN、TP的去除率,种植植物期间分别为79.32%、85.69%、82.17%、91.76%,植物收割后分别为71.34%、58.45%、60.49%、89.86%;芦苇最高株高达到380 cm,香蒲最高株高达到320 cm;地上部分生物量香蒲最高达到4.15kg,芦苇最高达到7.55 kg;香蒲的净光合速率(P_n)分别增加了6.35%、3.99%、22.39%,芦苇的净光合速率(P_n)则分别增加了42.20%、5.26%、8.96%。2种湿地植物在污水胁迫下表现出一定的防御能力,但是抗污能力存在一定的差异。  相似文献   
6.
为探讨人工湿地系统中挺水植物梭鱼草(Pontederia cordata)和香蒲(Typha orientalis)对镉(Cd)积累的动态变化,通过在室外表面流人工湿地采样和室内分析相结合的方法,对8-12月梭鱼草和香蒲地上部和地下部的生物量、镉含量及积累量的动态变化进行了分析。结果表明,梭鱼草根部和茎叶镉含量为0.25~0.70mg/kg和0.07~0.18mg/kg,香蒲根部和茎叶镉含量为0.16~0.39mg/kg和0.11~0.17mg/kg,根部镉含量均显著高于各自的茎叶部,两种植物各部位镉含量均在10月达到最大值,两者对镉的富集与转运能力均随着月份的变化而变化,都呈先增高、后降低的趋势;其中,梭鱼草对底泥镉的富集系数为0.76~3.13,香蒲为0.63~0.91,两者的富集系数最高值均出现在10月;两者的转运量系数分别为1.12~10.47、3.25~8.10,最大值分别出现在9月、10月。在10月之前,同一月份梭鱼草地上部的生物量和对湿地中镉积累量均极显著或显著高于香蒲。两种植物地上部分生物量和对湿地中镉积累量均极显著高于地下部分(P<0.01)。综合考虑两种植物的生物量及对镉的积累量,9月和10月分别为梭鱼草和香蒲地上部分最佳收获月份,能够最大化去除湿地系统中的镉。  相似文献   
7.
通过正交试验,研究了蒲菜叶总黄酮水提法和醇提法,并优化了醇提法提取工艺。结果表明:蒲菜叶总黄酮提取以醇提法为宜,其最佳提取工艺条件是料液比1∶40、用70%乙醇作提取溶剂、回流提取3 h、连续提取3次。  相似文献   
8.
根据对大汶河湿地芦苇和香蒲凋落物分解剩余率测定,分析了凋落物分解动态。结果显示: 1)各处理动态相似,即随着分解的进行,芦苇和香蒲干物质剩余率呈现三个阶段:快速下降-平稳下降-快速下降;2)芦苇分解速度明显小于香蒲,到分解结束时芦苇和香蒲的干物质剩余率分别为 ;3)上层分解速度明显快于下层,到试验结束时,各处理干物质剩余量分别为上层芦苇(FX)42%,下层香蒲(CL)58%,上层香蒲(FX)38.2%,下层香蒲(CX)53.3%。结果对于了解湿地物质循环,对湿地生态系统进行科学管理具有重要意义。  相似文献   
9.
蒲菜汁饮料生产工艺研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
董静  杨用钊  周美玲 《安徽农业科学》2011,(19):11947-11949
[目的]研究蒲菜鲜汁加工成新型绿色保健饮料的最佳工艺。[方法]通过单因素和正交试验,研究蒲菜汁饮料的最佳配方和工艺条件。[结果]最佳配方为:料液比15%,蔗糖4%、柠檬酸0.09%、明胶0.10%。混合物料经20MPa均质,90~100℃杀菌10min,最终获得乳白色、无沉淀、口感佳、具有浓郁蒲菜香气的饮料。通过感官指标、理化指标、微生物指标进行检测得到合格的蒲菜汁饮料,保存期可达6个月以上。[结论]该工艺条件下生产的蒲莱汁饮料口感好、营养丰富、稳定性强。  相似文献   
10.
Several anthropogenic activities lead to the production of substantial amounts of aqueous effluents that contain various toxic trace and heavy metals and which pose potential threats to the wild habitat of wetlands. As a part of the remediation of heavy metals, it is necessary to identify some aquatic hyperaccumulator plants. To this end, a greenhouse study was conducted to investigate the phytotoxicity resulting from lead (Pb) and its accumulation in selected plant species. Lead was added from low to very high levels in a swell–shrink clayey soil (Typic Haplustert). Seven levels of Pb (0, 50, 100 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg kg–1 soil) were applied. Typha angustifolia L. of Typhaceae and Behaya plant (Ipomoea carnea L.) of the Convolvulaceae family were taken as test plants. Lead was added at high and low concentrations to determine whether an increase in concentration would Pb to an increased toxicity to the plants. Recorded weight of the Typha crop was reduced (6%) at 600 mg Pb kg–1 soil, and at greater doses of Pb, the dry-matter yield was inhibited considerably. In the case of Ipomoea, no growth retardation from Pb was observed. Most Pb accumulated in roots and then was transported to shoots. The Typha angustifolia L. and Ipomoea carnea L. plants show promise for the removal of Pb from contaminated wastewater because they can accumulate high concentrations of Pb in roots (1200 and 1500 mg Pb kg–1 respectively) and shoots (275 and 425 mg Pb kg–1 respectively). Lead uptake by both the plants increased with the increasing doses of Pb (50 to 800 mg kg–1 soil). Physiological parameters such as photosynthesis, respiration, chlorophyll content, and different enzyme activities including nitrate reductase (NR), peroxidase (POD), and succinate dehydrogenase (SD) were also studied for the evaluation of these plant species. In Typha plants, at greater doses of Pb, the rate of photosynthesis and chlorophyll content decreased whereas POD and SD activities increased to combat oxidative stress.  相似文献   
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