酿酒酵母菌胞内海藻糖提取工艺参数的优化

建立了超声破碎酿酒酵母细胞和冷三氯乙酸化学浸提海藻糖的工艺，探索了离子色谱分析技术条件，采用响应曲面法（RSM），研究了液料比R、超声功率W、工作时间T1、超声总时间T2和浸提时间T3等5个试验关键因子对海藻糖提取的影响规律，并构建了动态控制的数学模型，得到了海藻糖提取最优工艺参数依次为：尺为7、W为698W、T1为4．9s、T2为7．3min、T3为9min。结果表明：模型极显著，具有可行性和有效性，超声功率、工作时间和超声总时间对海藻糖提取量的影响最大，为生产中的应用提供了科学依据。     

平菇中海藻糖的提取与含量测定

[目的]对平菇中的海藻糖进行定性和定量分析.[方法]以平菇为试验材料,以热乙醇为抽提液,用纸层析进行定性分析,以蒽酮比色法进行定量测定.[结果]平菇（含水量为85％）中含有海藻糖,其含量为2.06％,干燥平菇中海藻糖含量则为13.7％.[结论]该研究可为海藻糖的提取和开发提供依据.     

Responses to water withdrawal of tobacco plants genetically engineered with the AtTPS1 gene: a special reference to photosynthetic parameters

We have previously obtained several lines of tobacco transformed with a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene of plant origin (Arabidopsis thaliana), involved in the first step of the biosynthesis of trehalose, a known osmoprotectant. Two showed distinct intensity of expression: high (B5H) and low (B1F). Such lines were analyzed for trehalose-6-phosphate content and the obtained results demonstrated to be in accordance with the expression results. In order to study the responses of photosynthesis to water deficit of transgenic lines in comparison to wild type (WT), three experiments were performed under different conditions: (1) Relative water (2) Leaf gas exchange (3) Modulated Chlorophyll a Fluorescence. Different responses in RWC of plant lines to water withdrawal were detected, with transgenic line B5H indicating less water loss after the water withdrawal period. Similar responses to water deficit regarding the leaf gas exchanges were recorded for the three lines. When subjected to water deficit stress situations, higher F _v/F _m, Φ_PSII and qP were detected for the transgenic lines. Under a SWC of 20% where higher values for such parameters were detected with special relevance for the B5H line, indicating a possible higher ability to withstand severe drought stress and to resist to prolonged periods without water than the B1F and WT lines.     

功能性食品添加剂海藻糖及其研究进展

本文综述了海藻糖的理化性质、生物学特性、生产制备方法、应用研究概况及其发展前景。     

甘蔗根癌农杆菌介导转化海藻糖合酶基因获得抗渗透胁迫能力增强植株

 由双拷贝CaMV35S启动子驱动担子菌灰树花 (Grifolafrondosa)的海藻糖合酶基因 (TSase)构建植物表达载体 pBBBT ,通过三亲交配法将 pBBBT导入根癌农杆菌EHA10 5菌株 ,经根癌农杆菌介导转化甘蔗 (Saccha rumhybrid)栽培品种 ,以增强甘蔗的抗旱能力。结果表明 ,甘蔗胚性愈伤组织对EHA10 5菌株敏感 ,甘蔗外植体开始大量形成胚性愈伤组织时是感染的适宜时期 ,用膦丝菌素 (PPT)筛选 ,抗性植株发生频率平均为 4 .5 %。经PCR及dot Southern检测证明 ,TSase已经整合到甘蔗基因组中。部分转化植株根叶畸形、株型异常、生长缓慢。移栽到含PEG80 0 0 17.4 % (w/v)的MS培养基后 ,观察到转基因植株抗渗透胁迫能力增强     

Accumulation of trehalose in the thermophilic fungus Chaetomium thermophilum var. coprophilum in response to heat or salt stress

The disaccharide trehalose, known to be an effective protectant against various kinds of stress, was observed to accumulate in the cytosol of Chaetomium thermophilum var. coprophilum during heat stress. Trehalose was apparently neither involved in the defence of C. thermophilum var. coprophilum against high concentrations of sodium chloride nor directly linked to thermophily.In C. thermophilum var. coprophilum three different trehalose hydrolyzing activities were eluted from a mono Q anion exchange column by sodium chloride concentrations of 0.10, 0.15 and 0.24 M, respectively.     

The Effect of Trehalose Supplementation of INRA-82 Extender on Quality and Fertility of Cooled and Frozen-Thawed Stallion Spermatozoa

Stallion semen cryopreservation is often associated with poor post-thaw sperm quality. Sugars act as nonpermeating cryoprotectants. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cryoprotective effect of trehalose on stallion sperm quality and field fertility rates subjected to cooling and freeze–thaw process. Semen samples were collected from six Arabian stallions, divided into five different treatments in a final concentration of 100 × 10⁶ sperm/mL by using INRA-82 extender containing 0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mM of trehalose then subjected to both cold storage and cryopreservation. Sperm motility, acrosome, plasmatic membrane, and DNA integrity were analyzed, and 57 mares were used to evaluate the field fertility of chilled and frozen-thawed semen. Results showed that the extender containing 100 mM trehalose only increased the functional acrosomal, plasma membrane, and DNA integrities. The inclusion of 50 mM trehalose in semen extender resulted in significantly (P < .05) increased post-thaw total motility compared to the control group, and chilled semen achieved higher pregnancy rates compared to the frozen-thawed one. Pregnancy rate of mares inseminated with frozen-thawed semen (P < .05; 46.15% vs. 36.36%, respectively) was lower than those inseminated with chilled semen (76.47% vs. 68.75%, respectively) but higher than control. In conclusion, addition of 50 mM trehalose yielded the highest quality stallion semen after cooling and post-thawing in terms of motility, integrities of acrosome, membrane, and DNA as well as improved field fertility.     

外源海藻糖对NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗生理指标的影响

在0.4%NaCl胁迫下,利用0.3%~0.5%的外源海藻糖处理番茄幼苗,研究其对番茄幼苗生长及叶片保护酶活性和氧化损伤的影响。结果表明:0.5%的外源海藻糖处理显著提高了番茄幼苗的株高、茎粗、根系活力、叶片叶绿素含量和SOD酶的活性,显著降低了MDA的含量,缓解NaCl胁迫伤害的效果最好,增强了植株的耐盐性。     

小球藻的风干致死及干燥保护研究

[目的]研究小球藻的风干致死及干燥保护方法。[方法]比较7种保护剂对处于对数生长期的小球藻细胞的保护作用。[结果]海藻糖对藻细胞的保护效果最好,当海藻糖用量为5%时,藻细胞存活率提高了50%。[结论]该研究结果对淡水微藻的诱变育种具有重要指导意义。     

小球藻的风干致死及干燥保护研究

[目的]研究小球藻的风干致死及干燥保护方法。[方法]比较7种保护剂对处于对数生长期的小球藻细胞的保护作用。[结果]海藻糖对藻细胞的保护效果最好,当海藻糖用量为5%时,藻细胞存活率提高了50%。[结论]该研究结果对淡水微藻的诱变育种具有重要指导意义。