Dietary eicosapentaenoic acid requirement of juvenile rock bream,Oplegnathus fasciatus

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the optimum dietary level of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n‐3) based on growth and non‐specific immune responses in juvenile rock bream. A basal diet without EPA supplementation was used as a control, and six other diets were prepared by supplementing with 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 or 40 g of EPA per kg diet. The actual EPA concentrations of the diets were 0.5, 4.3, 8.5, 13.0, 16.8, 21.0 and 41.2 g of EPA per kg diet, and the diets were abbreviated as EPA_0.5, EPA_4.3, EPA_8.5, EPA_13.0, EPA_16.8, EPA_21.0 and EPA_41.2, respectively. Triplicate groups of fish averaging 1.06 ± 0.01 g (mean ± SD) were fed one of the seven experimental diets at the apparent satiation for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, weight gain, specific growth rate and feed efficiency of fish fed EPA_16.8, EPA_21.0 and EPA_41.2 diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed EPA_0.5, EPA_4.3, EPA_8.5 and EPA_13.0 diets (p < .05). Superoxide dismutase activity of fish fed EPA_16.8, EPA_21.0 and EPA_41.2 diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed EPA_0.5, EPA_4.3 and EPA_8.5 diets. Fish fed EPA_21.0 and EPA_41.2 diets showed significantly higher lysozyme activity than did fish fed EPA_0.5, EPA_4.3, EPA_8.5 and EPA_13.0 diets. The broken‐line analysis of weight gain indicated that the optimum dietary EPA level was 16.7 g/kg diet. These results suggested that the optimum dietary EPA level in juvenile rock bream could be greater than 16.7 g/kg diet but less than or equal to 16.8 g/kg diet based on the broken‐line analysis and the ANOVA test of weight gain.     

中国境内松江鲈鱼群体遗传变异的ISSR分析

运用ISSR分子标记技术,分析中国境内松江鲈鱼浙江(Z)、山东(S)、河北(H)、辽宁鸭绿江(Y)等4个不同群体间的遗传变异。从100个ISSR引物中筛选出多态性引物15个,对每群体各30个个体进行分析。每引物的扩增条带为6~17条,共得到有效位点181个,其中多态位点136个,多态位点百分率为75.14%。4群体中,H群体的有效等位基因数、Nei氏基因多样性、Shannon氏信息指数及多态位点百分率为最低,分别为1.258 5、0.153 0、0.2322、49.17%;而Y群体的相应值为最高,分别为1.479 4、0.277 7、0.411 2、74.03%;Z和S两群体的值明显高于H群体、略低于Y群体。若将4群体作为一个整体,则总的Nei氏基因多样性指数为0.269 1、Shannon氏信息指数为0.400 9,显示松江鲈鱼的遗传多样性较丰富。群体间的遗传分化系数(GST)为0.131 3,基因流(Nm)为3.309 4,表明松江鲈鱼群体间存在中等程度的遗传分化和一定程度的基因交流。分子方差分析(AMOVA)表明:在总的遗传变异中,85.54%的变异来自种群内个体间,14.46%的变异来自种群间;同样,群体间存在显著(P<0.05)或极显著的遗传分化(P<0.01)。根据群体间Nei氏遗传距离构建的UPGMA树中,Z群体首先与S群体聚类、再与Y群体聚类,呈现出从南向北的地理分布格局,但H群体却单独为一支,与其他群体间的距离较远。     

南海区驯养条石鲷亲鱼的初次性成熟和产卵

2008年4月初在广东省饶平县对2006年5月人工孵化和培育的2龄条石鲷（ Oplegnathus fasciatus）成熟亲鱼进行激素诱导,研究和观察条石鲷亲鱼初次性成熟的繁殖生物学。结果显示,在南海区全人工养殖的条石鲷亲鱼初次性成熟年龄为2龄,成熟亲鱼的最小型为全长245 mm、体质量610 g,最大个体为全长300 mm、体质量1450 g;产卵季节为4月10日~7月15日,产卵盛期为4月中旬至6月下旬;为升温产卵型鱼类,产卵温度为20.0~28.8℃,适宜的产卵温度为20.7~27.6℃;雌、雄亲鱼发育同步,个体大小和成熟年龄差别不大;雌鱼属于一年一次分批产卵类型,产卵期超过3个月;24尾初次性成熟雌性亲鱼的总产卵量为3180.0×104粒,日最高产卵量为341.5×104粒;其产卵量和受精卵质量与水温的变化关系密切,受精卵的浮卵率随温度的变化而变化,在水温相对衡定时,浮卵率相对稳定并维持在80%~95%的较高水平;受精卵平均卵径为（0.860±0.023）mm,油球径为（0.191±0.009）mm。     

Population age and sex structure of Aphanius fasciatus Nardo, 1827 (Pisces: Cyprinodontidae) in the Mesolongi and Etolikon lagoons (W. Greece)

The population structure of Aphanius fasciatus in the Mesolongi and Etolikon lagoonal system was studied, using 5794 fish. Significant differences were observed in the number of individuals of each sex, the age and size composition and survival. The overall males to females sex ratio was 1:2.44, although there was seasonal variation. During the reproductive period the percentage of males in the population decreased significantly, while after reproduction and during recruitment they increased. The females in each age class were larger than the males (40.33 mm and 36.72 mean total length for females and males, respectively). The survival rate of females was greater than males (0.73 for females and 0.60 for males). The strategy of this species is to invest in female individuals.     

条石鲷早期发育阶段鳍的分化

条石鲷仔稚鱼在室外水泥池进行培育,培育水温24-28℃,盐度28-32,pH7.6-8.4,对条石鲷早期发育阶段鳍的发育、分化进行了观察.结果表明:初孵仔鱼奇鳍鳍褶起始于头部,绕过尾部,终止于肛门;3日龄仔鱼出现胸鳍;8日龄仔鱼脊椎末端下侧出现放射丝;12日龄仔鱼脊椎末端开始上翘,腹鳍基形成;15日龄仔鱼胸鳍出现软条,背鳍、臀鳍在支鳍骨上方的相应位置分化出软条,尾鳍由圆形转变为截形,腹鳍形成2枚软条;20日龄仔鱼背、臀、尾鳍软条出现分节,腹鳍形成4枚软条,透明,无色素,尾鳍呈长截形,鳍中部略有内凹;30日龄稚鱼各鳍鳍条数目已发育完全,尾鳍鳍条出现分支,胸鳍和尾鳍还未有色素分布,背、臀鳍的鳍棘部已全部出现色素,软条部分还未完全着色素,腹鳍已全部着色素;40日龄进入幼鱼期,外部形态和成鱼相似,各鳍鳍条发育完全.条石鲷仔稚鱼胸鳍长与全长呈直线回归关系,且胸鳍长随日龄的增加而增长,呈指数关系.条石鲷各鳍的发育时序依次为胸鳍、尾鳍、背鳍、臀鳍、腹鳍.     

松江鲈β-肌动蛋白基因全长cDNA的克隆和序列分析

[目的]获得松江鲈β-肌动蛋白基因cDNA全长序列,并检测松江鲈β-肌动蛋白在组织中的表达。[方法]以松江鲈肌肉总RNA为模板,采用RT-PCR、5′-RACE和3′-RACE的方法扩增β-肌动蛋白基因cDNA片段,用RT-PCR方法检测组织表达。[结果]获得了松江鲈β-肌动蛋白基因cDNA的3个片段,测序后拼接得到1 905 bp全长cDNA序列,其包含了1 128个核苷酸的开放性阅读框,翻译编码375个氨基酸。核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分析发现,松江鲈β-肌动蛋白基因序列与点带石斑鱼、军曹鱼、红鲷鱼等同源性相对较高,与哺乳动物和鸟类同源性相对较低;系统发育分析表明,松江鲈β-肌动蛋白与点带石斑鱼关系最近。RT-PCR分析表明,该基因在检测的肌肉、肝脏、肠和脑4种组织均有表达。[结论]首次得到了β-肌动蛋白基因cDNA全长序列,并证明了松江鲈的β-肌动蛋白基因非常保守。     

条石鲷卵巢发育的组织学研究

采用常规的生物学调查和石蜡组织切片法,对条石鲷Oplegnathus fasciatus卵巢发育周期和卵巢发育中各个时期卵母细胞的形态特征以及产卵类型等进行了组织学研究。结果表明,条石鲷卵母细胞的发育过程在年周期中可分为6个时相：Ⅰ时相的卵母细胞呈原始分化状态,Ⅱ时相卵母细胞出现明显的卵黄核,Ⅲ时相卵母细胞出现皮质液泡,Ⅳ时相的卵母细胞分化明显,卵黄颗粒部分融合,Ⅴ时相和Ⅵ时相分别为卵子形成和退化吸收时相。卵巢发育可分为6个时期：繁殖期主要在5—7月,其卵巢有Ⅳ期、V期;8月卵巢开始退化,9月进入重新发育的Ⅱ期,直到翌年3月都为越冬Ⅱ期卵巢;3月下旬条石鲷卵巢开始重新发育为Ⅲ期卵巢。条石鲷卵巢的平均成熟系数为0.70%~12.57%。组织学观察结果表明,各时相卵母细胞发育不同步,因此条石鲷属多次产卵。     

外源人绒毛膜促性腺激素诱导黑边石斑鱼排卵的研究

【目的】了解外源人绒毛膜促性腺激素(human chorionic gonadotropin,HCG)诱导黑边石斑鱼(Epinephelus fasciatus)排卵的影响。【方法】以成熟的黑边石斑鱼为研究对象,测量其体长、体质量和肥满度后,在2018年7—8月,使用HCG激素(剂量为200 IU/kg或500 IU/kg)注射分别对6尾雌鱼进行成熟诱导。【结果】在200 IU/kg HCG处理中,注射24 h前有5尾雌鱼的卵母细胞处于第三次卵黄球前期阶段;注射48 h后2尾雌鱼出现核移动卵母细胞,1尾雌鱼的卵母细胞为第三次卵黄球后期阶段;注射60 h后1尾雌鱼出现排卵现象,其余5尾雌鱼均为第三次卵黄球后期阶段。在200 IU/kg HCG处理的排卵个体中,注射时其卵母细胞直径为477.0 μm,注射后60 h卵母细胞的直径增加至624.4 μm。此外,经催产、排卵、受精和孵化后共获得总卵数16 906粒,受精率为68.7%,孵化率为43.0%。而500 IU/kg HCG处理的黑边石斑鱼排卵失败。【结论】使用剂量为200 IU/kg的外源HCG激素可诱导黑边石斑鱼成熟且排卵,但为了提高排卵率、受精率和孵化率,其注射剂量和效应时间还需要进一步调节。     

光唇鱼网箱养殖试验

网箱单养、混养光唇鱼的试验结果表明,在25m2网箱中,单养光唇鱼以200～220尾/m2的放养密度比较合适,单位面积产量可达12.7～12.9 kg/m2;瓯江彩鲤网箱中混养光唇鱼,在瓯江彩鲤保持180尾/m2的放养密度不变的情况下,混养20尾/m2的光唇鱼,其效果比单养瓯江彩鲤更好,单位面积产量可达103.2kg/m2.     

Synthesis and biological activity of furanyl anti-juvenile hormonal compounds

Twenty-one synthetic compounds, containing one or more furan rings, were demonstrated to possess anti-juvenile hormone (AJH) activity as evidenced by their induction of premature metamorphosis in the milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas) by contact, topical application or fumigation. The ED₅₀ of the four most active analogs required to induce precocious metamorphosis from 3rd-instar nymphs by residue contact in a Petri dish compared favorably with that of precocene II (6,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl 2H-chromene) a naturally occurring phytochemical AJH. Precocious metamorphosis was fully reversible by co-treatment with juvenile hormone (JH III) or JH analogs, demonstrating that the observed AJH activity resulted from an induced deficiency of juvenile hormone.