Combined effects of water temperature and daily food availability period on the growth and survival of tench (Tinca tinca) larvae

A 16‐day experiment was designed to find the best combination of water temperature (27, 30, 33°C) and daily duration of food availability (12, 18, 24 h) for larval tench (Tinca tinca) growth and survival. Larvae with an initial mean size of 5.7 mm total length (TL) and 0.7 mg wet body weight (BW) were stocked at 15 L^?1. Larvae were fed in excess with live Artemia nauplii with the period of food availability lasting 12, 18 or 24 h daily. The largest final larval size was recorded at 27 and 30°C in groups fed for 24 h a day (17.7 and 17.9 mm TL, 76.1 and 77.7 mg BW, respectively). The combination of the highest temperature and the longest daily food availability was the only set of conditions under which final larval survival was affected (95.4% survival; 98.7–99.9% under all other conditions). The combination of water temperature of about 28.6°C and continuous food availability is recommended as the optimum combination for rearing T. tinca larvae under controlled conditions. Providing continuous food supply to fish larvae under aquaculture conditions was also advantageous in helping to mitigate the effects of slower growth relative to developmental progress, which can occur at high water temperatures. However, should one wish to limit the daily feeding period to 12 h per day, the use of a water temperature between 27.4 and 27.9°C would be the best solution.     

丁鱥鱼胚胎及仔鱼发育的观察

【目的】研究丁鱥鱼在南方较高水温条件下的生长发育情况,解决丁鱥鱼在南方推广养殖中苗种欠缺的瓶颈问题。【方法】对丁鱥亲鱼进行人工繁殖,然后对其胚胎及仔鱼发育过程进行观察记录。【结果】丁鱥鱼催产效应时间11h,受精率为75.3%,孵化率为82.7%,仔鱼成活率59.3%,育成规格为1.5～2.0cm鱼苗20.0万尾。丁鱥鱼受精卵呈卵圆形,大部分呈青灰色,直径0.50～0.77mm,具粘性;在27.0～31.0℃的温度下,受精卵历时1936min发育后孵出,有效积温为908.89℃·h;胚胎发育可划分为6个阶段30个发育时期。刚孵出仔鱼全长3.84～3.87mm,出膜后第3d卵黄囊吸收60%~80%,约有30%仔鱼开口摄食;第4d卵黄囊吸收90%,约有90%仔鱼开口;出膜第5d卵黄囊基本吸收完,但出现少许死鱼苗。【结论】丁鱥鱼适宜在南方进行繁殖及鱼苗培育,水温应稳定在20.0～27.0℃,不宜超过30.0℃,在孵化及鱼苗培育过程中注意清除敌害生物及保持清新水质,并根据水温情况及时投喂开口饵料,提高仔鱼成活率。     

Evaluation of pea protein concentrate as partial replacement of fish meal in practical diets for juvenile tench (Tinca tinca L.)

With the aim to evaluate different replacement levels of fish meal (FM) by pea protein concentrate (PPC) on survival, growth performance and body composition of juvenile tench (Tinca tinca), a 90‐day experiment was conducted with 6‐month‐old juveniles. Four practical diets (50% crude protein) differing in the level of replacement of FM protein by PPC protein were tested: 0% (control), 25%, 35% or 45%, corresponding to 0, 207.5, 290.4 or 373.3 g PPC kg^?1 diet respectively. Survival rates ranged from 96.4% to 98.5%. The 25% and 35% replacement diets resulted in similar growth values (P > 0.05) to those obtained with the control diet (average of the three feeding treatments: 57.57 mm total length, 2.48 g weight and 1.87% day^?1 specific growth rate). The 45% replacement diet had the lowest growth (P < 0.05). Fish with externally visible deformities ranged from 0% to 1.5%. The relation among amino acid profiles of the diets, body composition, growth performance of juveniles and amino acid requirements of other fish species is discussed. An amount of 290.4 g PPC kg^?1 diet (35% replacement of FM protein) can be included in juvenile tench diets without impairing growth performance.     

丁鱥鱼人工繁殖及鱼苗培育技术

【目的】探讨丁鱥鱼人工繁殖及鱼苗培育技术，满足广大水产养殖户对丁鱥鱼苗的需求，为加快丁鱥鱼在广西的推广养殖奠定基础。【方法】2004年11月和2005年3月，两次引进丁鱥1龄鱼进行培育，2005年春挑选成熟鱼进行人工繁育。【结果】亲鱼经过半年强化培育，平均体重600g/尾以上，雌雄鱼性腺发育到第Ⅳ-Ⅴ期；以促黄体生成素释放激素类似物（LRH—a2）和地欧酮（DOM）混合物催产，经11～13h的发情效应，均出现产卵行为；经人工孵化和鱼苗培育，第1批的人工孵化率最高，为85．0％，但由于采用池塘孵化，仔鱼遭受池塘敌害生物残食，培育失败；第2、3批的人工孵化率分别为59．3％和63．0％，采用小水泥池孵化，两批共孵化出仔鱼约93．9万尾，培育获得规格为3．0—5．0cm鱼苗64．8万尾。【结论】通过科学合理的亲鱼强化培育、药物催产、人工孵化及鱼苗培育，可以成功繁育获得丁鱥鱼苗，但繁育过程中要注意水温调控，当水温上升到20℃以上、最好稳定在23～27℃时，应及时安排生产，以利于提高丁鱥鱼苗数量和质量。     

丁鱼岁“腐皮病”病原菌的分离鉴定与药敏试验

为了确定丁鱼岁腐皮病的病原菌，为该病的诊断和防治提供科学依据。采用细菌常规分离方法，从丁鱼岁体表病灶部位、内脏及血液分离出优势菌株GXZ01，对其进行了生理生化特性、人工感染试验及药敏试验研究。结果表明：（1）菌株GXZ01是温和气单胞菌。（2）该菌呈短杆状，长度约为0.7~1.1 μm，属革兰氏阴性菌；（3）该菌对氧哌嗪青霉素、氟哌酸、菌必治等8种抗生素敏感，对丙氟哌酸、氨苄青霉素等4种药物中度敏感，对青霉素和乙酰螺旋霉素不敏感。表明温和气单胞菌是致病菌，可以导致丁鱼岁腐皮病的发生，这尚属首次报道，将对该鱼的病害防治和健康养殖有着重要的指导意义。     

Decapsulated Artemia Cysts: A Suitable Dietary Supplement for Juvenile Tench (Tinca tinca L.)

There are no specifically formulated dry foods for tench (Tinca tinca L.), which forces farmers to use diets formulated for other fish species. This has major drawbacks, such as high mortality, slow growth, and body deformities. A 120 day experiment was performed with five-month-old juvenile tench (initial mean weight: 0.388 g; total length: 31.78 mm) to evaluate decapsulated Artemia cysts as a supplement to a dry diet for other fish species. Three treatments, differing in the daily supplement, were tested: 1,800 freshly hatched nauplii, 1,800 cysts, and 300 cysts per g of tench biomass. Final survival ranged between 95.3% and 97.9%. Juvenile tench that received the supplement of 1,800 decapsulated Artemia cysts had a specific growth rate (1.28), weight (1.83 g), and total length (52.30 mm) significantly higher than those with the same amount of nauplii. The lowest supplement (300 cysts/g of fish biomass) allowed significantly lower growth and higher condition coefficient (1.40) than the rest. Animals with body deformities (1.06%) were only recorded in the groups that received the lowest cyst supplement. Results showed Artemia cysts are a suitable dietary supplement for juvenile tench, being an advantageous alternative to live nauplii.     

饲料中添加“健肝散”对丁桂鱼脂肪肝的影响

研究饲料中添加"健肝散"预防丁桂鱼脂肪肝病变的作用。采用"健肝散"添加量分别为0.1%、0.2%、0.4%的饲料进行丁桂鱼养殖实验,实验周期为40d,观察"健肝散"对丁桂鱼生长、血清主要生化指标的影响,以及肝脏的组织病理学变化。实验结果,当"健肝散"添加量为0.4%时,丁桂鱼的增重率、相对生长率和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇最高,肝脏脂肪含量最低,与氯化胆碱组均无显著差异(P0.05)。血清中胆固醇、甘油三酯含量最高,与氯化胆碱组有显著差异(P0.05)。谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶的活性较低,其中乳酸脱氢酶的活性显著低于氯化胆碱组(P0.05)。添加量为0.2%和0.4%时,肝体比均较低,与氯化胆碱组无显著差异(P0.05)。添加量为0.1%、0.2%和0.4%时,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇均较高,与氯化胆碱组无显著差异(P0.05)。肝组织病理显示,0.4%"健肝散"添加组可有效降低肝细胞的脂肪病变程度。     

饲料中添加“健肝散”预防丁脂肪肝的作用

研究了在饲料中添加健肝散预防丁(Tinca tinca)脂肪肝的作用。采用健肝散添加量分别为0.1%、0.2%、0.4%的饲料进行丁养殖试验,试验周期为40d,观察健肝散对其生长指标、血清主要生理、生化指标的影响。结果表明,当健肝散添加量为0.4%时,丁的增重率、相对生长率和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇最高,肝脏脂肪含量最低,与空白对照组相比有显著差异(P<0.05),与氯化胆碱组均无显著差异(P>0.05);血浆中胆固醇、甘油三酯含量最高,与空白对照组相比有显著差异(P<0.05),与氯化胆碱组有显著差异(P<0.05);谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶的活性较低,与空白对照组相比有显著差异(P<0.05),其中乳酸脱氢酶的活性显著低于氯化胆碱组(P<0.05)。当健肝散添加量为0.2%和0.4%时,肝体比均较低,与空白对照组相比有显著差异(P<0.05),与氯化胆碱组无显著差异(P>0.05);添加量为0.1%、0.2%和0.4%时,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇均较高,与空白对照组相比有显著差异(P<0.05),与氯化胆碱组无显著差异(P>0.05)。在本研究条件下,丁饲料中添加0.4%的健肝散时,可有效预防其脂肪...     

丁池塘高效养殖试验

2004—2005年，在沈阳市苏家屯区养殖场进行丁鱥池塘养殖试验，试验结果：鱼种培育平均单产6375．0kg／hm^2，平均利润29668．8元/hm^2；成鱼养殖平均单产14071．5kg/hm^2，平均利润579620元/hm^2。     

丁(鱼岁)不同群体的生化遗传多样性分析

2002年10-11月,应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶水平电泳,对我国新疆丁群体和从捷克引进的丁鱼岁群体各30尾个体的ADH、IDH、LDH、SDH、SOD、EST、MDH、ME、6PGDH、G3PDH等10种同工酶和1种肌蛋白进行分析。结果发现,我国丁鱼岁群体在EST-2、SOD、ADH和IDH等4种同工酶存在多态,捷克群体在EST-1、ADH和IDH等3种同工酶存在多态。我国新疆丁群体多态位点比例为28.57%,比捷克丁群体高(21.43%)。平均杂合度分别为0.061 9,也比捷克丁群体高(0.035 7)。捷克丁群体存在一定的杂合子缺失现象。因此,从遗传保护角度,应防止引入我国的捷克丁鱼岁群体进入新疆额尔齐斯河流域进行人工养殖,以免对我国丁天然资源造成污染。