地膜覆盖对棉枯萎病发生的影响

地膜覆盖显著降低了棉花枯萎病的发病率与病情指数，极显著地提高了棉花的产量。     

Yield Stability of Winter Wheat (Triticum sp.) Cultivars and Lines

The purpose of this study was to compare responsiveness to environment as well as the stability of newly developed promising lines with traditional commercial cultivars. Subject research was conducted in Ankara between 1983-1989 on common and durum wheat cultivars and lines. Regression coefficient (b) was used as the criterion of genotypes' responsiveness to environment whereas deviation from regression (S²d) and coefficient of determination (r²) were used as stability parameters. Each experiment year was regarded as an environment and yield average of each year was used as the environmental index.
In consequence of the research, it was determined that new varieties with high yield, adaptable to diverse environments could be developed by means of hybridizations between parents having different genetic characteristics which were provided from diverse ecological regions.     

承德避暑山庄杜梨瘿螨发生规律研究

[目的]研究杜梨瘿螨在杜梨树上的自然发生规律,并观察评估杜梨瘿螨对其他果树、蔬菜为害的可能性。[方法]野外调查结合室内观察了解杜梨瘿螨在杜梨树上的自然发生规律 室内人工接虫饲育观察杜梨瘿螨对其他多种果树、蔬菜为害的可能性。[结果]基本摸清了杜梨瘿螨在杜梨树上的自然发生规律,杜梨瘿螨在承德一年发生2代,以成螨于杜梨芽鳞内越冬,春季4月中旬在杜梨树初展叶时,越冬螨虫开始出蛰活动 7月下旬叶面上的虫瘿数达到最高峰,8月上旬后螨虫开始蛰伏越冬。接虫饲育试验表明,杜梨瘿螨仅在桃、山楂叶片上能存活较长时间,但不能形成虫瘿,在所有的供试果树和蔬菜上均不能最终成活。[结论]杜梨瘿螨活动为害期集中在4~7月,具有生态脆弱性,属单食性害虫,只能在杜梨树上形成虫瘿,对供试的多种植物不构成危害。     

火鹤花衰退病诊断与检疫

本文描述了火鹤衰退病病害症状和2种穿孔线虫(香蕉穿孔线虫Rodopholus sim-ilis和柑橘穿孔线虫R．citrophilus)的鉴定特征，提出了检疫检验和疫情处理方法。     

非自然越夏区小麦白粉病模拟鉴定病圃

作者于1990～1995年根据陕西省关中麦区小麦白粉病侵染循环特点,人工模拟自然发病条件,在非自然越夏区杨陵(省农科院试验地)成功地建立起白粉病菌可周年存活,且秋、春季均能充分诱发感染的混合菌系病圃,宜对小麦种质材料进行全生育期抗白粉病鉴定。利用该病圃已对陕西省1000余份小麦品种(系)及部分国内外抗源亲本材料做了抗病性鉴定和利用评价。     

Metabolic Profiling and In Vitro Assessment of the Biological Activities of the Ethyl Acetate Extract of Penicillium chrysogenum “Endozoic of Cliona sp. Marine Sponge” from the Red Sea (Egypt)

Marine sponge-derived endozoic fungi have been gaining increasing importance as promising sources of numerous and unique bioactive compounds. This study investigates the phytochemical profile and biological activities of the ethyl acetate extract of Penicillium chrysogenum derived from Cliona sp. sponge. Thirty-six compounds were tentatively identified from P. chrysogenum ethyl acetate extract along with the kojic acid (KA) isolation. The UPLC-ESI-MS/MS positive ionization mode was used to analyze and identify the extract constituents while 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy were used for kojic acid (KA) structure confirmation. The antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities were assessed in vitro. Both the extract and kojic acid showed potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC 250 ± 0.82 µg/mL. Interestingly, the extract showed strong antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans with MIC 93.75 ± 0.55 and 19.53 ± 0.48 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, KA showed the same potency against Fusarium oxysporum and Cryptococcus neoformans with MIC 39.06 ± 0.85 and 39.06 ± 0.98 µg/mL, respectively. Ultimately, KA showed strong antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ 33.7 ± 0.8 µg/mL. Moreover, the extract and KA showed strong cytotoxic activity against colon carcinoma (with IC₅₀ 22.6 ± 0.8 and 23.4 ± 1.4 µg/mL, respectively) and human larynx carcinoma (with equal IC₅₀ 30.8 ± 1.3 and ± 2.1 µg/mL, respectively), respectively. The current study represents the first insights into the phytochemical profile and biological properties of P. chrysoenum ethyl acetate extract, which could be a promising source of valuable secondary metabolites with potent biological potentials.     

中国北方野生雄绒螯蟹成蟹可食率和生化成分分析

比较了2017年10月由我国绥芬河、图们江和辽河采集的质量为80～160 g的野生雄绒螯蟹成蟹的组织系数、总可食率、可食组织中一般化学组成及脂肪酸组成.试验结果显示:(1)3个种群雄体性腺指数、肝胰腺指数和出肉率差异显著,但3个种群总可食率无显著差异(P>0.05).(2)就性腺而言,图们江种群水分含量最高,绥芬河种群...     

环境因素对淡水浮丝藻生长及产生嗅味的影响

研究温度、营养盐浓度以及光照强度对淡水浮丝藻(Planktothrix sp.)及其代谢产物二-甲基异莰醇(2-MIB)的影响,为控制丝状蓝藻生长及预警水体嗅味物质污染提供实践依据。浮丝藻由中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水藻种库分离于安徽巢湖;设置的实验温度为15、20、25、30℃,BG-11营养盐溶液体积分数为20%、30%、50%、100%,光照为1 000、2 000、3 000、4 000 lx。结果表明,温度对浮丝藻生长密度、总2-MIB生成量及胞外2-MIB分泌量影响最显著,25℃是浮丝藻最适宜生长温度,最高细胞密度可达6.04×10⁵个/mL,30℃是其最适宜的产2-MIB温度,总2-MIB生成量和胞外2-MIB分泌量均最高,分别为3.64×10³ng/L和2.78×10³ng/L;其次为营养盐浓度,增大BG-11营养盐浓度,浮丝藻生长密度和总2-MIB生成量会随之增加,低浓度营养盐时胞外2-MIB分泌量所占比例较高,表明低浓度营养盐更有利于浮丝藻进行胞外2-MIB分泌;光照对浮丝藻生长及产嗅味物质影响较小,...     

温室池水环境与罗非鱼运动性气单胞菌败血症爆发的关系

为阐明温室池水环境对罗非鱼运动性气单胞菌败血症发生的影响,对5年监测所得的发病池的95个水样和无病池的78个水样的水环境因子值进行了统计分析。结果表明,虽然发病池和无病池的水温平均值和pH平均值差异均不显著(p＞0.05),但在18～27 ℃范围内,发病池出现的百分率随水温升高而增加;发病池的溶解氧、总氨氮、分子氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、有机物化学耗氧量的平均值分别为2.85±1.45、2.48±0.99、0.067±0.048、0.361±0.233、39.56±20.31 mg/L;无病池的溶解氧、总氨氮、分子氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、有机物化学耗氧量的平均值分别为3.41±1.39、0.94±0.76、0.025±0.025、0.105±0.066、20.62±9.73 mg/L。发病池的溶解氧平均值显著低于无病池(p＜0.05),发病池的总氨氮、分子氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、有机物化学耗氧量的平均值分别极显著高于无病池(p＜0.01)。根据发病池和无病池出现的百分率随各环境因子变化的趋势可以得出结论：高水温、低溶解氧、高氨氮、高分子氨氮、高亚硝酸盐氮和高有机物化学耗氧量的池水更容易诱发凡隆气单胞菌温和生物型引起的罗非鱼运动性气单胞菌败血症。