不同生育时期冬小麦叶片相对含水量高光谱监测

为实现冬小麦不同生育时期叶片水分含量的快速监测，以冬小麦冠层高光谱数据和红外热成像数据为基础，计算得到5种光谱参数，通过对不同生育时期叶片相对含水量与光谱参数拟合状况进行分析和筛选，分别构建了基于光谱参数的叶片相对含水量反演模型，并对模型进行检验。结果表明，不同生育时期叶片相对含水量与比值指数（RVI）、归一化差值植被指数（NDVI）、比值/归一化植被指数（R/ND）、优化土壤调整植被指数（OSAVI）、冠气温差（TDc-a）均呈极显著相关（P＜0.01）；拔节期、抽穗期、开花期、灌浆前期和灌浆后期叶片相对含水量分别与NDVI、OSAVI、R/ND、TDc-a和TDc-a拟合效果较好，决定系数分别为0.842、0.884、0.831、0.864和0.945；预测模型的均方根误差分别为0.019、0.016、0.027、0.032和0.024，相对误差分别为2.16%、1.80%、3.30%、3.81%和3.53%。因此，在拔节期、抽穗期、开花期、灌浆前期和灌浆后期，可以分别利用NDVI、OSAVI、R/ND、TDc-a和TDc-a估测冬小麦叶片相对含水量。     

黄河未来输沙量态势及其适用性对策

[目的] 探索黄河输沙预测的新思路，预估黄河未来输沙态势与输沙量水平，为黄河流域生态治理规划提供参考。[方法] 结合黄河流域水土保持生态修复现状，采用单累积曲线法、滑动平均及频率分析方法，分析1950—2019年黄河主要来沙区间的实测输沙量变化特征及其未来态势。[结果] 1950—2019年黄河输沙量呈现阶梯式减少。1950—2019年黄河中游各站累积实测输沙量随时间的变化可用“左半抛物线”表征。黄河输沙量自1997年以来已进入相对稳定态势，目前已达企稳状态；黄河潼关站未来年输沙量在90%频率下为1.00×10⁸ t左右，在10%频率下为5.00×10⁸ t左右，未来多年平均输沙量为1.40×10⁸ t。[结论] 为了维持黄河输沙量低稳状态，提升水土保持措施质量与标准，补齐“后水土保持”短板，构建完善的水沙关系调控体系，维持黄河下游河道冲淤平衡，是黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展的保障。     

Acetylation of intact white rice grains to alter the physicochemical properties

The effect of acetylation of milled rice grains of selected varieties (TDK 8, YRW 4, Reiziq, Amber 33, and SHZ 2) with varying apparent amylose contents (3.8–26.6%) on their physicochemical properties was investigated. Milled rice samples were treated with different acetic anhydride concentrations (0.004–0.04 g per 100 g of milled rice samples in 225 mL of water). Results showed that glutinous (TDK 8), very low amylose (YRW 4) and low amylose containing varieties (Reiziq) were prone to acetylation even with 0.004 g of acetic anhydride. X-ray diffraction patterns showed an increase in the crystallinity in acetylated samples and formation of V-type crystals, suggesting the possible interaction of acetic anhydride with starch. Acetylation of rice grains resulted in reduced peak and final viscosities and gel strength, particularly in glutinous (TDK 8) and very low amylose (YRW 4) rice. Differential calorimetric study showed that acetic anhydride treatment resulted in reduced thermal transition temperatures and enthalpy of all varieties. Although increase in the retrogradation thermal temperatures was observed, the enthalpy of retrogradation was reduced with increasing acetylation, suggesting that the extent of starch retrogradation was lower in all varieties with more prominent reduction in the glutinous type. Furthermore, the texture of cooked acetic anhydride treated rice grains was less hard and showed more adhesiveness. This study demonstrated that the acetylation of rice grains (instead of flour) was successfully achieved, showing the potential of applying acetylation to alter the textural, pasting, thermal and retrogradation properties of rice.     

Comparative study on the effects of buckwheat by roasting: Antioxidant properties,nutrients, pasting,and thermal properties

The increasing need to prolong the shelf life of buckwheat has prompted the use of roasting techniques in buckwheat processing. For effective roasting, the responses of common buckwheat (CB) and tartary buckwheat (TB) to the process should be explored. Herein, the antioxidant properties, nutrients, pasting, and thermal properties of raw and roasted buckwheat flours (roasted at 200 °C for 50 s) from two CB and three TB varieties were investigated. Results showed that roasting considerably reduced the total flavonoid content (TFC) and total phenolic content (TPC) of TB. The TPC of CB was significantly improved by roasting, whereas the TFC significantly decreased. The total antioxidant capacities were consistent with the TPCs. Additionally, the colour deepened as the amount of antioxidant compounds increased. Unexpectedly, roasting enhanced the protein and fat contents of CB and decreased those of TB. Roasting improved the nutritional quality and antioxidant capacity of CB, and opposite results were obtained in TB. In conclusion, CB was more suitable to the development of roasted specialty products with nutritional applications than TB. We suggest that differences among varieties should be considered first in the buckwheat roasting process.     

山东潍坊滨海中央商务区工程排盐碱技术研究

为应对潍坊滨海经济开发区重度盐碱土立地条件下园林绿化施工困难的现状,从盐碱地绿化建设可持续发展的角度出发,对潍坊滨海经济开发区中央商务区(CBD)景观绿化工程排盐碱技术进行了系统的介绍。工程结果表明,以排盐碱管网的合理布设以及更换适宜绿化苗木的种植土为前提,结合耐盐碱苗木品种及规格的选择,并施加合理的盐碱地园林苗木养活措施可以实现盐碱条件下的绿化问题。     

浅谈提高房地产项目环评审批效率的措施

为提高苏州高新区房地产建设项目的环评审批效率,在此分析了房地产项目的建设特点及环评审批现状,并结合相关的法律法规依据,提出合理调整环评评价内容、降低环评评价等级、提高环评审批效率的意见和建议。     

Effect of climate change on Spodoptera litura Fab. on peanut: A life table approach

Investigations were conducted to understand the direct effects of rising temperature and the host-mediated effects of elevated CO₂ (eCO₂) on Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera). This study involved i. the construction of life tables of S. litura at six constant temperatures viz., 20, 25, 27, 30, 33 and 35°C ± 0.5 °C reared on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown under eCO₂ (550 ppm) concentration in open top chambers ii. Estimation of threshold temperatures and thermal constants and iii. Prediction of the pest scenarios during near and distant future climate change periods. Significantly lower leaf nitrogen, higher carbon and a higher relative proportion of carbon to nitrogen (C:N) were observed in peanut foliage grown under eCO₂ over ambient CO₂ (aCO₂). The mean development time (days) of each stage, egg, larva, pupa, pre-oviposition and total life span decreased from 20 to 35 °C temperature on eCO₂ foliage. The thermal requirement of S. litura from egg to egg (within the range of 20 °C–35 °C) was 538.5 DD on eCO₂ as against 494.5 DD on aCO₂ foliage. Finite (λ) and intrinsic rates of increase (r_m), net reproductive rate (R_o), mean generation time (T) and doubling time (DT) of S. litura varied significantly with temperature and CO₂ and were found to have quadratic relationships with temperature. The present results on life table parameters estimated by the bootstrap technique showed that the ‘r_m’ values of S. litura on eCO₂ foliage were higher than those in the literature indicating a significant influence of eCO₂. The reduction of ‘T’ was noticed from a maximum of 50 days at 20 °C to minimum of 22 days at 35 °C and ‘λ’ which is the indicator of reproductive value of new eggs was highest at 35 °C and showed a negative relationship with temperature. The data on these life table parameters were plotted against temperature and two non-linear models developed for both CO₂ conditions and used for predicting the pest scenarios. Prediction of pest scenarios based on PRECIS A1B emission scenario data at eleven peanut growing locations of the country during near future (NF) and distant future (DF) climate change periods showed an increase of ‘r_m’ and ‘λ’ with varied ‘R_o’ and reduced ‘T’. The present results indicate that temperature and CO₂ are vital in influencing the growth and life table parameters of S. litura and that pest incidence is likely to be higher in the future.     

Nutrients balance for improvement of phytoremediation ability of teak seedlings (Tectona grandis)

As a green technique, plant-based remediation systems can be used to remove nitrogen (N) pollutants from N-rich wastewaters. However, the excess amount of N and shortage of other nutrients in this system limits the plant growth and affects the plant remediation efficiency. In this study, the effect of adding phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) to the N-enriched wastewater on growth and N-removal efficiency of teak seedlings (Tectona grandis) was evaluated. Twelve ratios of N:P:K were applied to teak seedlings and the related effects were compared with those in control solution containing only N. The results indicated that a ratio of 1N:0.5P:1K increased dry matter accumulation in teak seedlings by improving the balance of nutrients in plants. Teak seedlings grown in nutritionally-improved system eliminated 33.8% N more than those grown in only N solution. The water loss through plant uptake was also enhanced in the improved system up to 56%.     

小功率管式臭氧发生器电源与定时控制设计

介绍了用于果蔬保鲜的小功率管式电晕放电型臭氧发生器电源电路利用电晕放电原理产生臭氧（O3）的工作过程。根据臭氧发生管放电极的空间布局上的特点，设计双变压器回路给予供电，并辅以STC89C52RC单片机控制电路，实现定时可控功能。该设计克服了传统果蔬保鲜臭氧发生器电源模块庞大的缺点，并根据臭氧发生器的机械结构特点设计了合适的电路板,使电源模块体积减小，节省了安装空间。     

中国海洋捕捞渔船油污水产生量估算及对策研究

为获知中国海洋捕捞渔船底舱中油污水的产生量,对东部沿海主要渔区海洋捕捞渔船的底舱油污水状况进行了调研和取样,并进行了测算和分析,以进一步推算中国海洋捕捞渔船油污水的年排放总量,并对其进行探讨和对策建议。推算数据显示:全国海洋渔船年总排水量约为136118 t,全国海洋渔船年总排油量约为5238 t。研究认为:油污水产生量与船龄不直接相关,船龄在5年以下的渔船情况较好;油污水含油率基本在5%以下,长时间静置后下层水含油率仍高于排放标准;海洋捕捞渔船的油污水产生与日常管理水平关系较大。建议:加强宣传,提高渔民的环保意识;加强监管,减少渔船污染物排放;采取措施,鼓励渔船污染物收集;加强合作,建立各部门协同机制;加强研发,推进渔船底舱油污水技术革新。