鲟鱼鱼糜漂洗工艺优化及其对品质的影响

本研究以鲟鱼(Acipenser sinensis)肉为原料，通过正交实验对鲟鱼鱼糜的漂洗工艺进行了优化，对鱼糜漂洗前后的蛋白质含量及其组成、水分分布、凝胶性能等进行了研究。结果显示，鲟鱼鱼糜的最佳漂洗工艺为：水漂洗1次，盐水漂洗1次，盐的质量分数为0.25%，漂洗时间为1 min。鲟鱼鱼糜经漂洗后，其盐溶性蛋白比例显著升高(P<0.01)；鱼糜中的水分受到的束缚力增加，自由度减小，形成了更为致密的凝胶网状结构；破断力、凹陷距离、凝胶强度、持水力、白度等表征凝胶性能和鱼糜品质的指标明显提升。研究表明，采用恰当的漂洗工艺可显著提高鲟鱼鱼糜的品质。     

Fatty Acid Porfiles of Farm-Raised Catfish Fillet:

Fatty acid profiles of the total lipids and the phospholipid classes of farm-raised channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fillets were analyzed. Monoenes represented 49.22 mol% of the total lipid fatty acids while polyunstaturated fatty acids (PUFA) accounted for 19.37 mol%. The total n-3 PUFA content was low (4.22 mol%). The total saturated fatty acids as 31.44 mol %. Catfish contained phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and sphingomyelin (SPH). Analysis for the individual phospholipid class fatty acid profiles indicated that PI had a high concentration of 18:0 (33.20 mol%) and 20:4 n-6 (13.08 mol%). Phosphatidylethanolamine had the highest concentrations of combined eicosapentaenoic acid, and docoshahexaenoic acid, of 17.37 mol%. Higher ratios of n-3/n-6 PUFA were found in the phospholipid classes than the total lipids. LPC and SPH did not contain measurable PUFA of the n-3 series. The level of 18:1 n-9 in PC, PE, and LPC was approximately 31 mol% whereas in PI, PS, and SPH, the level was approximately 16 mol%. The understanding of the basic distribution of fatty acids in the individual phospholipid classes of channel catfish may be an essential first step in explaining the protective role of 18:1 n-9 and n-3 PUFA against thrombotic and cardiovascular disorder in humans.     

鱼糜回收技术及其设备的开发研究

对鱼糜生产排放废水中鱼糜回收的技术工艺设备和回收鱼糜的再利用等技术进行了系统研究。结果表明，(1)废水中固形物含量1.2％～1.8％；其中鱼糜含量0.6％～1.2％(鱼糜按水分80％计)；(2)pH值为5.2～5.4时，鱼糜回收率最高，在95％以上；(3)鲜度差的原料，鱼糜回收量大；(4)添加0.04％CaCl2对回收鱼糜的脱水有显著效果；(5)利用高位连续释放的方法回收鱼糜，有利于鱼糜的连续回收。     

Effects of Partial and Complete Replacement of Synthetic Cryoprotectant with Carrot (Daucus carota) Concentrated Protein on Stability of Frozen Surimi

ABSTRACT

The study aimed to evaluate the effects of carrot concentrated protein (CCP) as additive on the functional and textural properties of surimi from striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) during six months of frozen storage (?20°C). The CCP (82.22% crude protein) was used as an additive either a lone or with a synthetic cryoprotectant (sucrose-sorbitol-sodium tri-polyphosphate). Control was made with synthetic cryoprotectant only. Molecular weight of CCP was found to be 36 kDa. After six months, the results revealed that up to 50% of synthetic cryoprotectants could be replaced by CCP during frozen storage of surimi. Biochemical parameters such as protein solubility, Ca²⁺ATPase activity, and gel strength decreased significantly (p < .05) during storage. Treatment T-3 (CCP 0.5% + 50% of synthetic cryoprotectant) maintained quality of protein significantly superior (p < .05) in respect to denaturation and other functional and sensory attributes compared to all the treatments. The microstructure images of surimi confirmed that addition of CCP modified the ice crystal growth during frozen storage. This study suggests that CCP can be a potential additive to protect protein from denaturation along with partial replacement of chemical cryoprotectants.     

Comparative Study between Surimi Gel and Surimi/crabmeat Mixed Gel on Nutritional Properties,Flavor Characteristics,Color, and Texture

ABSTRACT

In this study, we determined the nutritional properties, flavor characteristics, color, and texture of surimi gel (SG) and surimi/crabmeat mixed gel (MG) to evaluate their edible value. The results showed that the addition of crabmeat to surimi significantly increased fat content, some mineral contents (Na, Mg, Ca, Cu, Fe, and Zn), yellowness (b*) value, and altered the volatile profile (aldehydes, esters, and some heterocyclic compounds). The essential amino acid/total amino acid ratios of SG and MG were both 0.41, consistent with the recommended value, indicating the high quality of protein. Texture profile analysis of MG showed similar values of hardness, chewiness, and gumminess to SG. Principal component analysis of electronic nose data showed that the addition of crabmeat to surimi altered the flavor characteristics of SG. Therefore, the utilization of crabmeat for surimi can be a feasible and promising method for fortifying the nutritional and flavor characteristics of surimi products.     

用三氯化铁回收鱼糜漂洗液中的水溶性蛋白

三氯化铁（ＦｅＣｌ３）是一种十分有效的蛋白质凝聚剂，它对白鲢鱼糜漂洗液中的水溶性蛋白质有较强的凝聚作用。使用它，蛋白质的回收率可达８０％以上，且废水的ＣＯＤ可下降７７％左右。最适宜的回收操作条件为：体系的ｐＨ值在５．５～６．５，水温０～１５℃，ＦｅＣｌ３的投加量Ｑ根据水样的蛋白质浓度Ｃ按式Ｑ＝０．１６３Ｃ＋０．０１６（ｇ／Ｌ）确定。经测定，凝聚物含蛋白质６３．１％，脂肪５．２％，灰分２１．８％。     

木薯淀粉对金线鱼鱼糜3D打印效果的影响

以金线鱼鱼糜为研究对象,通过添加木薯淀粉能使鱼糜制品的凝胶特性得到改善,持水性和弹性得以提升,实验从表观黏度和流变特性(输送难易程度)、打印效果(外观形貌、定型性)、鱼糜制品凝胶特性3个方面研究了木薯淀粉对金线鱼鱼糜3D打印效果的影响。采用质构分析、低场核磁分析、流变分析、成型效果分析方法,对凝胶强度、质构特征、持水性、水分分布及组成、表观黏度、动态流变进行测定。结果显示,随着木薯淀粉添加量的增加,金线鱼鱼糜浆料的凝胶强度、硬度、弹性、持水性均呈先上升后下降的趋势,在木薯淀粉添加量为2%时达到最高值,较对照组相比分别提高了113.63%、249.00%、28.00%和9.14%。鱼糜中的不易流动水(T23)相对含量在木薯淀粉添加量为2%时达到最高,T23峰比例为0.98。随着木薯淀粉添加量的增加,鱼糜浆料的表观黏度和屈服应力上升,浆料的弹性模量(G?)和损失模量(G??)随着木薯淀粉添加量的增加呈先上升再下降的趋势,在木薯淀粉浓度为3%时达到最高,损失正切(tanδ)在淀粉浓度为2%时达到最高。研究表明,在木薯淀粉添加量为2%时,鱼糜3D打印的效果最佳。本研究对鱼糜3D打印有积极指导意义,为实现食品领域3D打印的实用化、广泛化、多样化提供了参考。     

Oxygen permeability and antioxidative properties of edible surimi films

The oxygen permeability (PO₂) and antioxidative activity of edible surimi films were investigated. Surimi films with lower PO₂ were successfully prepared by heating the film-forming solutions (pH 3) at 70°C for 20 min. On the other hand, it was revealed that surimi films themselves possess antioxidative properties based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity and reducing power. Sardine oils in surimi film pouches were stored for 40 days at 40°C in the dark. Both peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values increased slightly during the initial period of storage but decreased significantly at the later stage of storage, indicating that oxidation of sardine oil was effectively hindered by packing in surimi film pouches. Furthermore, polymerization of myosin heavy chain in surimi films was observed during the storage at 40°C.     

Effect of Squid Melanin-Free Ink and Pre-Emulsification on Properties and Stability of Surimi Gel Fortified with Seabass Oil during Refrigerated Storage

ABSTRACT

The effects of melanin-free ink (MFI) and pre-emulsification on gel properties and stability of bigeye snapper surimi gel fortified with seabass oil during refrigerated storage of 10 days were studied. Lipid oxidation as determined by peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) of surimi gel increased as the level of seabass oil increased (P < 0.05). When MFI was incorporated into surimi gel, lower PV was obtained throughout the storage (P < 0.05). Addition of seabass oil pre-emulsified with soy protein isolate (SPI) in the presence of MFI yielded surimi gel with the highest breaking force and could improve oxidative stability during refrigerated storage (P < 0.05). Slight decrease in whiteness was found in surimi gel added with MFI, while those added with MFI along with pre-emulsified seabass oil showed increased whiteness (P < 0.05). Addition of MFI did not affect total viable count and psychrophilic bacterial count in surimi gels. Thus, the incorporation of pre-emulsified seabass oil prepared using SPI in conjunction with MFI could improve quality and oxidative stability of gel from bigeye snapper surimi.     

5种淡水鱼鱼糜凝胶基本特性研究

文章以凝胶特性、肌原纤维蛋白化学键以及脂质、磷脂含量等为指标,研究了5种淡水鱼[黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)、鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)、鲮(Cirrhinus molitorella)、鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)]鱼糜第一段和第二段加热的凝胶性能变化。结果显示,第一段加热鱼糜的凝胶强度、硬度、咀嚼性、白度、持水性显著小于第二段(P<0.05),但凝胶弹性和内聚性差异不明显。表面疏水性均在第二段加热后显著增大,且增加程度差异显著(P<0.05);对于二硫键,鳙和黄颡鱼两段加热的凝胶样品差异不显著(P>0.05)。第二段加热凝胶的脂质质量分数介于38.24~76.45 g·kg^-1,磷脂质量分数介于1.929~3.452 mg·g^-1。