Screening and identification of soybean varieties with high phosphorus efficiency at seedling stage

In order to simplify the workload and find a reliable method for screening soybeans with different phosphorus(P)efficiencies,47 soybean varieties were screened from 90 varieties according to yield under normal phosphorus,and 10 indicators including root phenotype,phosphorus utilization efficiency at the seedling stage and yield were measured.Through single-index cluster analysis,the performance value and relative value of the abovementioned indexes under low-phosphorus conditions were analyzed,and then,the combined indexes were analyzed by principal components method.The membership function method and the cluster analysis method was used to calculate and analyze the comprehensive score value.Three indexes of root P utilization efficiency(X₁),relative value of root P utilization efficiency(X₂),and root volume(X₃)under low P at the seedling stage were selected as the most consistent with the yield screening results under low P condition,and the mathematical model of the comprehensive score value was obtained:D=1.218X₁t 0.320X₂t 0.007X₃-0.664(P=0.000,R²=1.000).The comprehensive score can screen and identify the P efficiency of soybeans with fewer indexes in the early growth stages,which provides a more rapid and reliable mathematical model for screening and identifying a larger number of germplasm resources for P efficiency.     

Effects of dietary fish oil replacements with three vegetable oils on growth,fatty acid composition,antioxidant capacity,serum parameters and expression of lipid metabolism related genes in juvenile Onychostoma macrolepis

Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets with soybean oil (SO), linseed oil (LO), algae oil from Schizochytrium sp. (AO), mixed oil (MO, SO:LO:AO = 1:1:1) and fish oil (FO; control group) were selected to feed juvenile Onychostoma macrolepis (initial weight 1.86 ± 0.07 g) for eight weeks. The results showed that in the LO and FO groups fish grew best. There was no significant difference in specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) between the MO and FO groups (p > .05). The highest contents of 18:2n‐6, 18:3n‐3 and 22:6n‐3 in liver and muscle were found with the SO, LO and AO groups, respectively (p < .05). There appeared the highest malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the lowest superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the fish liver of the AO group. There appeared the highest concentrations of serum glucose (GLU), cholesterol (CHOL) and triglycerides (TG) in the SO group. The expressions of lipid anabolism genes were significantly up‐regulated by dietary SO and LO (p < .05). The expressions of lipid catabolism genes were significantly higher with the AO, MO and FO groups (p < .05). This study recommended that LO or MO as a better vegetable oil source for juvenile O. macrolepis.     

连翘叶精油微胶囊制备工艺优化及其对油脂抗氧化的影响

为探索制备连翘叶精油微胶囊的工艺条件及其对油脂的抗氧化效果，以包埋率为评价指标，在单因素试验的基础上，采用响应面法对连翘叶精油微胶囊的工艺条件进行了优化，同时采用测定过氧化值（POV）、脂肪氧化程度值（TBARS）的方法探索了微胶囊对油脂的抗氧化能力。结果表明，连翘叶精油微胶囊的最佳工艺参数为：壁芯比8∶1（g/mL），包埋温度60 ℃，包埋时间2.3 h，包埋功率400 W，在此条件下连翘叶精油微胶囊包埋率可达44%。油脂抗氧化研究结果表明，微胶囊组ML（0.20 g）、MM（0.10 g）、MS（0.05 g）的POV值高于阳性对照组（VC），但明显低于空白对照组；微胶囊ML、MM、MS三组的TBARS值低于空白对照组，且随着连翘叶精油微胶囊用量的增大，其对油脂氧化的抑制作用逐渐增强。     

大豆PHD家族蛋白的全基因组鉴定及表达特征分析

PHD（Plant Homeodomain Finger）基因家族编码一类锌指转录因子,广泛参与植物的生长发育和逆境应答过程。通过全基因组鉴定获得了95个大豆PHD家族蛋白。通过共线性分析、进化树构建、基因结构和功能结构域鉴定、GO注释分析、不同组织间和非生物胁迫下表达分析等,获得了大豆PHD家族基因复制、家族进化、保守结构域及基因表达等信息。结果表明,大豆PHD基因在家族进化、基因结构和保守结构域上存在较大变异,可能参与Zn ²⁺结合、DNA结合及表观遗传调控等分子过程,参与调控植物生长发育和逆境应答。这些结果为进一步研究大豆PHD家族在生长发育和逆境应答中的生物学功能提供重要线索。     

油浴热处理对竹材干缩性和力学性能的影响

为了探明竹材独特结构和油浴热处理对竹材干缩性和力学性能的协同影响，本研究以机油为导热介质对毛竹进行油浴热处理，分析了不同热处理温度（150、180、210℃）和不同处理时间（1、3、5 h）条件下竹材干缩性及力学性能的变化情况。结果表明：经过热处理后，竹材含水率和横向干缩率均有下降，表明高温热处理克服了竹材亲水性强和干缩性差的缺点。但是经过热处理后，竹材的力学性能总体呈下降趋势。在同样的热处理条件下，带青带黄竹材的物理力学性能均高于去青去黄竹材，说明保留竹材的竹青竹黄对热处理十分有利，且同时能提高竹材的利用率。     

不同加工处理方式对芝麻油风味的影响研究

以传统作坊式水代法芝麻油、传统作坊式压榨芝麻油、商品芝麻油为研究对象，采用顶空固相微萃取与气质联用技术（HS-SPME-GC/MS）和聚类分析对不同芝麻油挥发性化合物进行了检测和系统对比。结果表明：通过聚类分析，发现水代芝麻油和商品芝麻油的挥发性化合物组成相似程度更高；此外，芝麻油中吡嗪类化合物、含硫杂环化合物和苯系物因不同加工处理方式的差异显示出较大变化，其中3-乙基-2,5-二甲基吡嗪、4-甲基噻唑、愈创木酚等可作为区别三种芝麻油的关键风味物质。     

Comparison of effects of dietary‐specific fatty acids on growth and lipid metabolism in Nile tilapia

The dominant fatty acids (FAs) in oils are often used to explain different nutritional effects of dietary oils in fish. However, the amounts of dominant FAs among oils are different, and the nutritional roles of these important FAs in fish have not been precisely compared at similar levels in feeding trials. In the present study, different amounts of palmitic acid were added to safflower oil (SO), olive oil (OO) and fish oil (FO) to obtain comparable amounts (about 550 g/kg of total FAs) of 18:2n‐6, 18:1n‐9 and 20:5n‐3 + 22:6n‐3 and subsequently fed to Nile tilapia (11.1 ± 0.01 g) for 8 weeks. The results showed similar growth among groups but FO group obtained lower fat deposition, serum ALT and AST activities, compared to OO. Lipogenesis‐related gene expressions were higher in OO group than FO group in liver, muscle and adipose tissue, but there were only few differences in these genes between SO and FO groups. Lipid catabolism genes in FO group were higher than OO and SO groups in adipose tissue, but not in muscle, and the significantly higher expressions of CPT1b and PPARα were only observed in liver. Overall, dietary 18:2n‐6, 20:5n‐3 and 22:6n‐3 were beneficial to normal growth and lipid metabolism, whereas high amount of 18:1n‐9 induced lipid deposition and liver damage in Nile tilapia.     

螯合剂对油葵修复镉砷复合污染土壤的影响

为提高油葵对农田土壤重金属的提取效率,研究了不同螯合剂(NTA、EGTA、EDDS和EDTA)对油葵修复Cd、As复合污染农田土壤的影响。结果表明,施用4种不同螯合剂对油葵根、茎、叶、花盘和籽粒生物量影响不大。不同螯合剂对油葵各器官Cd、As含量和积累量影响不一样。与CK处理相比,施用NTA、EGTA、EDDS、EDTA导致油葵花盘Cd含量分别提高30.2%、55.1%、41.9%和43.3%,根系As含量分别提高23.6%、18.1%、15.6%和15.4%,但是对籽粒和茎中Cd含量影响不显著。施用NTA、EGTA、EDDS和EDTA处理使油葵植株总Cd积累量分别比CK处理提高32.8%、45.3%、40.5%和41.6%,而对油葵As积累量没有显著影响。4种螯合剂对油葵各器官Cd、As富集系数有不同影响,而对Cd、As转运系数影响不显著。施用EDTA处理使根际土壤Cd含量比CK处理降低25.0%,施用NTA和EDTA处理使根际土壤As含量分别降低18.1%和14.3%。4种螯合剂均可以提高油葵对Cd、As污染土壤的修复效率。     

钾肥和硅肥对油用亚麻茎秆抗倒伏特性的影响

为了优化油用亚麻抗倒伏的肥料运筹措施,以‘陇亚11号’和‘定亚23号’为试验材料,通过裂区设计,研究了钾肥（不施钾、52.5 kg K₂O/hm²和105 kg K₂O /hm² 3个水平）和硅肥（不施硅和90 kg SiO₂/hm² 2个水平）用量对油用亚麻茎秆形态学、力学抗倒伏特性及产量的影响。结果表明：‘陇亚11号’的株高、重心高度及茎粗、壁厚、抗折力均显著大于‘定亚23号’,茎秆形态学及力学抗倒伏特性的综合影响下,‘陇亚11号’较‘定亚23号’倒伏率提高21.24%而产量降低9.43%。钾肥显著改善了抗倒的茎秆表观形态学特性,施钾后茎粗、壁厚、茎秆抗折力、抗倒伏指数提高而株高和重心高度降低,千粒重和籽粒产量分别提高7.35%和9.34%。硅肥对茎秆形态学、力学特性及籽粒产量均无主效应,但硅肥与钾肥的互作使茎粗显著增加。抗倒伏指数与茎粗、壁厚呈显著正相关,与株高、重心高度呈显著负相关。品种间的茎秆抗倒伏特性差异较大,施用钾肥显著改善了抗倒的茎秆表观形态学特性,优化了茎秆机械性能,增强了油用亚麻的抗倒伏能力;供钾量较低时,硅肥与钾肥对茎粗的互作正效应明显。     

饲料脂肪源和碘酸钾对中华鳖稚鳖生长、存活率、肝肠组织形态和脂类代谢的影响

为了比较饲料中添加鱼油、茶籽油、亚麻籽油以及碘酸钾对中华鳖（）稚鳖生长和脂类代谢的影响，本研究配制了4种油脂含量为10%的饲料，分别为鱼油料（FO，对照组）、鱼油+碘酸钾料（FO+PI，碘酸钾添加量为75 mg/kg）、茶籽油料（TO）和亚麻籽油料（LO），饲喂初重为（5.06±0.05）g的中华鳖66 d。FO+PI组和LO组中华鳖稚鳖的存活率显著低于FO组（<0.05）。各组中华鳖稚鳖血浆中葡萄糖、总胆固醇和甘油三酯水平无显著差异（ACACA）的表达水平，上调了中华鳖-499的表达水平（-23b的表达水平（<0.05）。FO+PI组和TO组的稚鳖肝脏细胞内脂滴空泡较少，同时TO显著影响了肠道组织的黏膜褶。结论认为，相比于鱼油组，在饲料中添加10%茶籽油、亚麻籽油和添加75 mg/kg碘酸钾不会引起稚鳖生长差异，但是亚麻籽油和碘酸钾降低了稚鳖的存活率，茶籽油和碘酸钾影响肝脏的脂类代谢。