植物谷胱甘肽应答非生物胁迫的分子机制

谷胱甘肽(GSH)是一种普遍存在于植物中的抗氧化剂,在维持组织抗氧化防御和调节氧化还原敏感信号转导中起着关键作用。深入研究GSH在非生物胁迫中的作用,对从分子水平揭示植物GSH积累的调控机制具有重要意义。本研究从植物GSH代谢途径及其相关酶、GSH在植物应激反应中的调节、GSH参与植物激素代谢等方面进行综述,并对谷胱甘肽在植物生长发育、与其它信号通路间交互作用的研究前景进行展望,以期为植物谷胱甘肽代谢以及其在非生物胁迫方面的研究提供一定的理论参考。     

甘蔗抗虫机制的研究进展

甘蔗是重要的糖料作物也是潜在的能源作物,而甘蔗的生长过程中长期受到各种虫害威胁。目前用于防治甘蔗害虫主要是通过化学防治和生物防治,带来的害虫耐药性和环境安全问题不容忽视。选育和利用抗虫品种,挖掘甘蔗自身抗虫特性是目前公认的最根本、经济有效和对环境影响最少的办法。笔者首先介绍了不同甘蔗品种对甘蔗螟虫的抗性等级,再从甘蔗的物理抗性和生理生化抗性2个方面阐述甘蔗的抗虫原理,并重点介绍了甘蔗的诱导型生理生化防御体系。全文还就目前甘蔗抗虫研究现状提出建议和展望,以期为培育甘蔗抗性品种以及蔗田害虫综合治理提供参考。     

植物信号分子对大豆开花与结瘤的协同调控

大豆[Glycine max(L.)Merr.]是世界上重要的粮食和油料作物,其显著的生长特点是营养生长和生殖生长交错时间长,导致以结瘤为代表的营养生长和以开花为代表的生殖生长在物质和能量需求上存在激烈竞争。本文综述了蔗糖、植物激素以及miRNAs等植物信号分子对大豆开花和结瘤调控作用,将有助于理解大豆开花、结瘤的协同调控机制,以期对明确大豆生长发育规律、提高大豆产量提供理论支撑。     

猪源ST9型耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌中前噬菌体的流行状况与转导分析

本研究旨在分析猪源ST9型耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus,MRSA)中前噬菌体的流行情况、结构特点和转导能力,探究前噬菌体在猪源MRSA流行克隆形成中的作用。基于全基因组信息,分析了近年来从我国多省分离的131株ST9型MRSA中前噬菌体的流行率、分型、亲缘关系和结构特征;选取含不同分型前噬菌体的菌株进行诱导,对诱导获得的噬菌体颗粒进行转导,测定转导子的耐药表型及体外适应性。研究结果显示：猪源ST9型MRSA的前噬菌体携带率为78.6%(103/131株),其中,63株携带完整前噬菌体序列,所有前噬菌体序列均不含耐药基因,仅2.9%(3/103株)的前噬菌体序列含毒力基因;前噬菌体谱型丰富,其整合酶分型主要为Sa2int和Sa4int;各型别前噬菌体结构同源性较高,完整前噬菌体可被诱导为长尾噬菌体;噬菌体颗粒可包装供体菌的aadD、tet(L)耐药基因并转导至受体菌中;转导子可获得卡那霉素、四环素耐药表型,体外生长能力与受体菌株无明显差异(P>0.05)。研究结果表明：猪源ST9型MRSA的前噬菌体携带率较高,谱型丰富,不携带耐药基因,部分噬菌体可包装供体菌的耐药基因转导至受体菌,产生的适应性代价小。     

The variation of tree-ring widths of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) affected by air pollution

Using eight populations of Scots pine growing in foothills of the Sudetes (southern Poland) as an example, the character and causes of annual ring variation in 1900–1999 were studied. The climate had a short-term effect on radial growth during the whole period investigated. A long-term decrease of radial growth occurred after 1960, but only in some localities. It was probably caused by non-climatic factors, most likely by industrial pollution. The decline of trees during that period is mainly evidenced by a high variation of width of annual rings, a small similarity of chronologies of annual ring widths, and a lack of signal years. After 1990, the tree recovery process was evident. It was most intensive in localities where the earlier stress was the most severe. Then, trees started to produce wide annual rings, homogeneity of the growth reaction increased, and the signal years began to occur.     

Preparation of recombinant PTD-HSP27 and verification of its ability to penetrate the cell membrane of human lens epithelial cells and rabbit cornea

AIM: To construct the prokaryotic expression system containing protein transduction domain (PTD) with heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) in order to prepare and purify the recombinant protein, and to verify whether the recombinant protein PTD-HSP27 has the ability to penetrate the human lens epithelial cell (HLEC) membrane and the rabbit cornea. METHODS: The plasmid pKYB-PTD-HSPB1-6His was constructed by the technique of overlap extension PCR. The plasmid was transformed and PTD-HSP27 was purified through nickel affinity chromatography column and identified by Western blotting. PTD-HSP27-6His was labeled with the fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). The penetrating ability of PTD-HSP27 into HLECs and rabbit cornea was tested. RESULTS: The recombinant PTD-HSP27 plasmid was successfully cloned and effectively expressed. The correctness of the recombinant protein PTD-HSP27 was demonstrated. Fluorescence microscopic examination showed that PTD-HSP27-FITC was internalized by HLECs. Fluorescent labeled PTD-HSP27 was then observed in the rabbit aqueous humor. CONCLUSION: The recombined gene PTD-HSPB1 was constructed by overlap extension PCR technique and the PTD-HSP27 fusion protein was prepared and purified by nickel affinity chromatography column. Using the technique of PTD-fusion protein, HSP27 was transduced into HLECs and passed through the cornea.     

生长素对植物维管分化的信号诱导作用

植物维管系统与植物生长发育关系密切，维管组织的分化机制也因此倍受关注。生长素可诱导植物维管组织分化，它根据自身浓度的高低产生系列信号，从而通过这些信号来控制其所在部位及其周围区域维管组织的分化状况。该文重点论述了生长素在细胞间的极性运输方式及其信号转导途径、生长素对维管组织分化的信号诱导作用及其表现特征，以及生长素诱导植物维管组织分化的分子机理。     

植物TIR1/AFBs基因家族研究进展

TIR1/AFBs基因家族是一种存在于细胞核中的生长素受体,属于F-box蛋白基因中的一个小亚族。它们通过与相关生长素相结合活化转录因子来促进基因的表达,从而进行调控,是生长素信号转导过程中的关键部分。为了深入研究生长素信号转导机制,从TIR1/AFBs基因家族的发现与结构,家族成员表达模式的差异及对植物生长发育方面的调节等方面概括介绍了TIR1/AFBs基因家族的分子调控机制,总结了TIR1/AFBs基因的功能。最后探讨了TIR1/AFBs基因的研究方向。     

动物鲜味受体的研究进展及其基因表达调控

动物的鲜味受体包括代谢型谷氨酸受体(m GluR)和味觉受体异源二聚体(T1R1/T1R3),是C型G蛋白偶联受体,N末端捕蝇草模块(VFT)区域可与鲜味配体结合,识别鲜味。本文主要论述了鲜味受体的研究进展、鲜味识别转导机制及鲜味受体基因的表达调控等,以期为相关研究提供参考。