Potential application of baited remote underwater video to survey abundance of west coast rock lobster Jasus lalandii

The first assessment of the baited remote underwater video system (BRUVs) for monitoring rock lobster Jasus lalandii (Milne‐Edwards) in South Africa was compared to annual ring net and trap survey data. Count data from 58 BRUVs, 36 ring net and 95 trap samples were fitted with generalised additive models using depth, habitat, time and spatial gradient as independent variables. A power analysis was used to determine the number of samples needed per annum to detect a 5 and 10% increase and decrease in population size. The BRUVs outperformed the nets and traps in terms of sampling effort and were better at detecting changes in abundance of lobster than abundance of three fish species. Considering factors such as cost, analysis time, additional data and environmental impact, traps are the most feasible method in deeper waters but BRUVs could replace nets and traps in depths less than 60 m, low‐density areas and marine reserves.     

基于粗糙集的高校图书馆用户评价分析

现代图书馆是以用户（读者）为中心,加强对用户评价的调查和数据处理对改善图书馆工作具有重要的意义。利用粗糙集理论的属性约简和区分函数等工具,对学校图书馆日常调查所积累的用户对图书馆服务质量的评价数据进行分析,给出了一个挖掘其中隐藏的模式和知识的方法,有助于图书馆管理层提高服务水平和促进馆员素质建设。     

Spatially targeting the distribution of agricultural input stockists in Malawi

Developing the rural agricultural input markets in sub-Saharan Africa can improve the current low productivity of smallholder farmers. Malawi has seen significant efforts in addressing the availability of agricultural inputs at village level in the last few years; for example, the improvement of rural agro-dealer networks. Nevertheless inputs are still difficult to obtain for many remote smallholder farmers. Spatial analysis can help in the expansion of input stockists, especially agro-dealer networks, by assessing the coverage of existing input outlets and deriving optimum locations for village-level input stockists.We address three research questions. First, what is the locational efficiency of the current village-level stockists of inputs (Citizens Network for Foreign Affairs – Rural Agricultural Market Development Trust trained network of agro dealers and public sector)? Secondly, how many village-level stockists of markets are needed to reach 60% of the population in the central region of Malawi within one hour? Finally we address the potential spatial components of the sustainability of input stockists relating to the potential demand from smallholder farmers and the access to bulk supplies. The problem of finding the optimum location for village-level stockists of markets is addressed in two stages, using spatial analysis in conjunction with location–allocation models. First, the locational efficiency of the existing network of stockists of inputs is determined, followed by the establishment of a set of optimal sites for village-level stockists of inputs. A final step explores the viability of stockists and calculates the population surrounding the stockists taking into account competition from other sources of inputs and the accessibility of the selected stockists to potential wholesalers who are bulk distributors of farm inputs.Our results show that locational efficiency can be assessed in terms of the differential access of households to resources and transport. Often, these differences are not considered in covering problems and can have a large effect on the physical access to inputs. The results can be used to define which areas are inherently difficult to serve with agricultural inputs and could inform efforts to provide incentives to remote areas. Further implications for input policies in Malawi are that improvements in road infrastructure might not directly benefit the poorest farmers (if they are walking) but could serve to reduce the wholesale prices and therefore the retail price. In addition, the improvement in roads might increase the number of potential customers of any particular stockist, with economies of scale allowing the reduction of prices while ensuring a satisfactory profit margin for the stockist. The results of our models imply that Citizens Network for Foreign Affairs may need to train stockists over a wider area to increase the access to inputs of those smallholder farmers with least resources.     

追踪不可压缩两相流相界面的CLSVOF方法

根据CLSVOF方法的基本思想,将VOF和Level Set两种方法结合起来,用于追踪不可压缩两相流相界面的计算.通过对经典的两相流流动问题的计算,研究了CLSVOF方法对对流输运方程和动量输运方程计算精度的影响,并与VOF方法和Level Set方法进行了对比.研究结果表明:求解对流输运方程时,CLSVOF方法的计算精度明显高于Level Set方法;求解动量输运方程时,CLSVOF方法产生的虚假速度接近于0,基本克服了利用VOF方法求解动量输运方程时的虚假速度势问题.     

基于Petri网的产品拆卸过程规划

引用拆卸优先矩阵来描述产品零件间的物理特性,并以优先矩阵为基础,以Petri网为工具,建立了包括零部件回收价值及拆卸成本在内的产品拆卸Petri网模型,采用Petri网基于不变量的性能分析方法,对模型进行求解,得到了满足需求约束的最佳拆卸序列。     

基于集对分析与三角模糊数耦合的土壤重金属污染评价模型

土壤重金属污染程度综合评价问题是一个前沿的、复杂的不确定性问题。本文尝试利用集对分析方法描述土壤重金属污染评价过程中的确定性和不确定性特征,并应用角模糊数刻画集对差异度系数以改进集对分析方法,进而提出了基于集对分析与三角模糊数耦合的土壤重金属污染综合评价新模型。实例应用结果及与其他方法对比分析表明:该模型评价过程直观、计算简便、结果客观合理,在土壤重金属污染评价中具有参考价值。     

基于Petri网的棉花图像处理系统模块化设计方法

图像处理在农业领域中的应用十分普遍,但要做到对图像实时处理的同时降低用户的使用成本是该领域的难题。该文以棉花图像处理系统为例,提出一种基于图像处理系统模块化设计方法,首先划分图像处理系统功能模块,基于Petri网模型构建顶层控制器;然后将Petri网模型图转换为VHDL语言文件,并在QuartusII环境中进行仿真验证;最后以底层模块中的图像分割模块为例,说明系统的并行性。这种基于Petri网的全局异步的设计方法,可以降低图像处理系统设计与调试的难度和对时序的要求。     

Petri网理论及其在食品工业中的应用

Ｐｅｔｒｉ网是用于描述和分析异步并发系统的最常用的形式模型之一．本文给出了赋时着色Ｐｅｔｒｉ网和赋时连续Ｐｅｔｒｉ网，通过扩展上述模型，得到具有层次的Ｐｅｔｒｉ网．探讨了层次结构Ｐｅｔｒｉ网在现代食品工业企业中的应用，包括生产线的建模和分析，以及后勤系统的设计．     

温州市张网捕捞能力的分析

根据2003年温州市4个地区张网渔业调查数据,运用数据包络法分析其捕捞能力。结果表明,2003年温州市张网平均利用率为89.2%。考虑了协同作用后,把占有率也当作产出,平均利用率提高至95.2%,能力产量达到109453 t。如果要保持现有产量,则可减船71艘。     

The use of fyke nets as a quantitative capture technique for freshwater eels (Anguilla spp.) in rivers

Abstract  Fyke netting is a convenient and effective technique for capturing freshwater eels, and catch-per-unit-effort is usually assumed to be an index of eel abundance. The present study investigated the potential of depletion fishing using baited fyke nets to obtain population estimates of longfin eels Anguilla dieffenbachii Gray, in a river in the South Island of New Zealand. The probability of capture (capture efficiency) of a single night's fishing increased with increasing size of eel, and ranged from 0.2 to 0.9 for eels <400 mm, to 0.7–0.9 for eels ≥500 mm. The capture efficiency of baited vs unbaited nets was assessed in a small stream that was electric fished after netting trials were completed. Baited nets proved to be an effective method of assessing abundance of longfin eels (>400 mm) but not shortfins ( A. australis Richardson); capture efficiency of the population of longfins (the sum of fyke caught and electric fished eels) was 0.4 for a single night's fyke netting, increasing to 0.8 over four nights. Comparable efficiencies for shortfins were <0.1 and 0.3 respectively. Unbaited nets were markedly less efficient for both species.