地膜覆盖对棉枯萎病发生的影响

地膜覆盖显著降低了棉花枯萎病的发病率与病情指数，极显著地提高了棉花的产量。     

Yield Stability of Winter Wheat (Triticum sp.) Cultivars and Lines

The purpose of this study was to compare responsiveness to environment as well as the stability of newly developed promising lines with traditional commercial cultivars. Subject research was conducted in Ankara between 1983-1989 on common and durum wheat cultivars and lines. Regression coefficient (b) was used as the criterion of genotypes' responsiveness to environment whereas deviation from regression (S²d) and coefficient of determination (r²) were used as stability parameters. Each experiment year was regarded as an environment and yield average of each year was used as the environmental index.
In consequence of the research, it was determined that new varieties with high yield, adaptable to diverse environments could be developed by means of hybridizations between parents having different genetic characteristics which were provided from diverse ecological regions.     

承德避暑山庄杜梨瘿螨发生规律研究

[目的]研究杜梨瘿螨在杜梨树上的自然发生规律,并观察评估杜梨瘿螨对其他果树、蔬菜为害的可能性。[方法]野外调查结合室内观察了解杜梨瘿螨在杜梨树上的自然发生规律 室内人工接虫饲育观察杜梨瘿螨对其他多种果树、蔬菜为害的可能性。[结果]基本摸清了杜梨瘿螨在杜梨树上的自然发生规律,杜梨瘿螨在承德一年发生2代,以成螨于杜梨芽鳞内越冬,春季4月中旬在杜梨树初展叶时,越冬螨虫开始出蛰活动 7月下旬叶面上的虫瘿数达到最高峰,8月上旬后螨虫开始蛰伏越冬。接虫饲育试验表明,杜梨瘿螨仅在桃、山楂叶片上能存活较长时间,但不能形成虫瘿,在所有的供试果树和蔬菜上均不能最终成活。[结论]杜梨瘿螨活动为害期集中在4~7月,具有生态脆弱性,属单食性害虫,只能在杜梨树上形成虫瘿,对供试的多种植物不构成危害。     

火鹤花衰退病诊断与检疫

本文描述了火鹤衰退病病害症状和2种穿孔线虫(香蕉穿孔线虫Rodopholus sim-ilis和柑橘穿孔线虫R．citrophilus)的鉴定特征，提出了检疫检验和疫情处理方法。     

非自然越夏区小麦白粉病模拟鉴定病圃

作者于1990～1995年根据陕西省关中麦区小麦白粉病侵染循环特点,人工模拟自然发病条件,在非自然越夏区杨陵(省农科院试验地)成功地建立起白粉病菌可周年存活,且秋、春季均能充分诱发感染的混合菌系病圃,宜对小麦种质材料进行全生育期抗白粉病鉴定。利用该病圃已对陕西省1000余份小麦品种(系)及部分国内外抗源亲本材料做了抗病性鉴定和利用评价。     

甘肃、青海地区小麦条锈菌监测及群体遗传多样性分析

【目的】了解甘肃和青海小麦条锈菌(Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici)春季流行传播路线、群体遗传多样性和生殖模式,明确春季流行期两省小麦条锈菌的传播关系及菌源交流规律,进而为两省小麦条锈病的预测预报、确定越夏初始菌源来源和有效治理提供理论依据。【方法】选择条锈病常发生的地区作为调查和研究区域。甘肃省4个试验点:陇南市文县、陇东平凉市崆峒区、中部麦区定西市临洮县、临夏州临夏县;青海省2个试验点:西宁市城北区、海东市互助县。2017年秋季,在甘肃和青海省6个试验点内根据当地小麦播种适期依次种植82份变异观察圃材料。2018年4—8月,对试验点82份变异观察圃材料进行田间病害调查,并采集到551份小麦条锈菌标样,使用15对引物进行SSR分子标记分析。利用GenAlEx和POPPR v2.5.0软件对数据进行相关分析,不显著的rbarD值表示连锁平衡,用于推断群体是否发生有性重组。【结果】82份变异观察圃材料在甘肃地区发病比青海地区严重。15对引物组合共扩增出81个位点,每对引物组合产生的多态性位点为2—12个。551份样本克隆矫正后,共鉴定出505个多位点...     

Isolation of Scalimides A–L: β-Alanine-Bearing Scalarane Analogs from the Marine Sponge Spongia sp.

A chemical investigation of a methanol extract of Spongia sp., a marine sponge collected from the Philippines, identified 12 unreported scalarane-type alkaloids—scalimides A–L (1–12)—together with two previously described scalarin derivatives. The elucidation of the structure of the scalaranes based on the interpretation of their NMR and HRMS data revealed that 1–12 featured a β-alanine-substituted E-ring but differed from each other through variations in their oxidation states and substitutions occurring at C16, C24, and C25. Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of 1–12 against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria showed that 10 and 11 were active against Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus subtilis, respectively, with MIC values ranging from 4 to 16 μg/mL.     

耐辐射丝状真菌F161的分离鉴定及其对锶的吸附特性

[目的]鉴定分离自新疆某辐射污染区的丝状真菌F161,研究其吸附锶特性.[方法]采用形态学观察、分子生物学鉴定及碳源利用实验鉴定菌种;采用压力试验和吸附试验研究特性,对锶的吸附测定采用ICP-MS,对放射性90锶的吸附的测定采用液闪检测仪.[结果]菌株F161鉴定为青霉属真菌;菌株F161能够耐受10 KGy剂量的钴源...     

三种内生真菌与大花蕙兰共生对矿质营养吸收的影响

以从兰科植物出的内生真菌与大花蕙兰接种,均能形成菌根,其中ＧＣ９４１和ＧＣ９４５两种菌只侵染根的表皮细胞,在细胞内呈菌丝结结构,而ＧＣ９３４菌在侵染前期同前两和种真菌,后期菌丝可部分侵染皮层细胞,并呈疏松的分枝状结构。３种内生真菌可使幼苗茎叶干重比增施矿质营养但不接种真菌的处理（ＣＫ２）提高１７３．２％－２５０．１％,并对植株吸收Ｎ,Ｐ,Ｋ养分有促进作用,其中ＧＣ９４５菌使幼苗吸收Ｎ和Ｋ的量比ＣＫ