Isolation and characterization of a rhabdovirus from co-infection of two viruses in mandarin fish

Co-infection of two viruses has been observed in mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi), but the two viruses have not been characterized. In this study, a rhabdovirus has been isolated from the co-infected two viruses extracted from the diseased mandarin fish, and its morphological structure and partial biochemical and biophysical characteristics have been observed and analyzed. The isolated rhabdovirus has a typical bullet shape, and is therefore called S. chuatsi rhabdovirus (SCRV). And, the isolated rhabdovirus produced a higher titer (10^8.5 TCID₅₀ ml^− 1) than did the co-infecting viruses (10^6.5 TCID₅₀ ml^− 1). Subsequently, the viral genome RNA was extracted, and used as template to clone the complete nucleoprotein (N) gene by RT-PCR amplification. Cloning and sequencing of the SCRV N protein revealed 42%-31% amino acid identities to that of trout rhabdovirus 903/87 and the rhabdoviruses in genus Vesiculovirus. SDS-PAGE separation of the isolated SCRV and other two rhabdoviruses also revealed obvious polypeptide profile difference. Moreover, the anti-SCRV N protein antibody was prepared, and the anti-SCRV N protein antibody only could recognize the SCRV N protein, whereas no antigenicity was detected in other two rhabdoviruses. The data suggested that the SCRV should be a rhabdovirus member related to the genus Vesiculovirus in the Rhabdoviridae.     

Stability and inactivation of vesicular stomatitis virus,a prototype rhabdovirus

Viruses may remain infectious outside the host cell for considerable time and represent a source of accidental infection if not properly inactivated. In this study, the survival of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in suspension and dried on surfaces was analyzed. In addition, the sensitivity of VSV to disinfectants and physicochemical changes was investigated. VSV showed a notable stability in suspension at 4 °C with virus titers remaining high over several weeks. The presence of serum proteins had a stabilizing effect on virus infectivity, whereas elevated temperatures reduced survival times. VSV dried on polystyrene, glass or stainless steel surfaces remained infectious for at least 6 days at ambient temperature. VSV showed a remarkable resistance to extreme pH in particular in the alkaline range, but could be rapidly inactivated by heating at 55 °C or higher. The virus was highly sensitive to inactivation by commonly used disinfectants such as aldehydes, alcohols, and detergents. The high stability of VSV on surfaces and in suspension may facilitate dissemination of the virus in livestock by contaminated feeding and water troughs, hands, and milking equipment. This knowledge on the sensitivity of VSV to disinfectants will help to set up appropriate hygiene measures.     

大口黑鲈弹状病毒的分离培养及其卵黄抗体的制备

本研究从爆发性死亡的大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)鱼苗病样中分离培养1株大口黑鲈弹状病毒(M.salmoides rhabdovirus,MSRV)毒株,采用甲醛灭活大口黑鲈弹状病毒,制备佐剂灭活疫苗,免疫产蛋鸡,收集高免蛋,制备MSRV卵黄抗体,测定其效价、中和效果及对病毒复制和宿主细胞内凝集素基因(intelectin)表达的影响。结果显示,成功利用草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)卵巢细胞株CO细胞分离培养大口黑鲈鱼弹状病毒,并用于佐剂灭活疫苗的制备;MSRV佐剂灭活疫苗免疫蛋鸡,成功获得MRSV的卵黄抗体,效价为1∶256,稀释度为1∶64时的中和病毒的作用最为明显,中和作用率达38.29%以上,病毒核酸拷贝数明显降低。同时,还可上调细胞内凝集素的表达。研究表明,特异性卵黄抗体对大口黑鲈弹状病毒具有明显的中和效果,为后续卵黄抗体作为免疫制剂的应用奠定了基础。