ω-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸对母猪繁殖性能的影响

长链多不饱和脂肪酸(LC PUFAs)在母猪营养中的作用经常被人们研究,因为猪场的盈利能力主要取决于母猪的繁殖性能。根据以往的研究结果,母猪妊娠期喂食ω-3 LC PUFAs可以减少前列腺素的合成,提高胚胎存活率和仔猪初生重;哺乳期饲喂ω-3 LC PUFAs可以提高乳汁中EPA和DHA含量,改善哺乳仔猪肠道健康和断奶重。文章论述了LC PUFAs(主要是ω-3)对现代高产母猪繁殖性能的影响,为在生产实践中合理添加应用LC PUFAs,提高母猪生产性能提供理论参考。     

雄性食蟹猴生殖系统中Ghrelin的分布定位

本文采用免疫组织化学染色方法,探讨ghrelin在雄性食蟹猴生殖系统内的分布定位。通过对ghrelin免疫阳性细胞在生殖系统中分布部位、含量及细胞形态等方面的研究,为今后ghrelin在食蟹猴体内的功能研究奠定形态学基础。免疫组化染色发现,ghrelin阳性细胞在食蟹猴的生殖系统中有分布。Ghrelin免疫阳性细胞被染为棕色到棕黑色,主要分布于睾丸、附睾及输精管中,精囊腺中无ghrelin阳性细胞分布。Ghrelin阳性细胞在组织中多呈散在分布。细胞大小不一、形态各异,多呈圆形、卵圆形、锥体形、长柱形及其他不规则形。     

Abnormal development of genital organs in offspring male mice exposed to finasteride during pregnancy

AIM: To investigate the effects of finasteride exposure during pregnancy on the development of reproductive organs in offspring male mice. METHODS: CD-1 mice were treated with finasteride from 0 to 17 d after conception. The development of reproductive organs in the offspring male mice were observed by macroscopy, anatomical analysis and histological staining. The spermatogenesis was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS: Macroscopic observation showed that fenasteride exposure during pregnancy resulted in external genital malformations in the offspring male mice, which were manifested as incomplete scrotal fusion and penile malformation. In addition, the anogenital distance was significantly shortened (P<0.01). Histological staining showed that the length of penis at each stage was significantly shortened (P<0.01), the density of seminiferous tubules in testis and mature spermatozoa in seminiferous tubules were significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the luminal space size of seminiferous tubules and interstitial space size of testises were significantly increased (P<0.01). Immunofluorescence staining showed that the densities of Sertoli cells, Leydig cells and spermatogonium in testis were significantly reduced (P<0.01), and the fluorescence intensity of caspase-3 in spermatogenic tubule cells was increased significantly (P<0.01). However, the fluorescence intensity of Ki67 and desert hedgehog (Dhh) was decreased significantly (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Finasteride exposure during pregnancy results in abnormal development of reproductive organs in offspring male mice and affects spermatogenesis.     

生殖激素产品的应用和发展趋势

生殖激素是调控动物体内复杂生殖过程并影响繁殖性能的一系列的重要激素。近年来，利用生殖激素的批次化生产繁殖技术被广泛使用，提高了母猪的繁殖效率，促进了养猪业向集约化和规模化方向的发展。目前在批次化生产过程中主要采用孕马血清促性腺激素（PMSG）和人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）以及化学类激素进行繁殖调控。但是这些产品的应用仍存在一些问题，因此需要开发出成本低、活性好的高品质蛋白类生殖激素产品，应用于猪场批次化生产中，提高生猪养殖效率和降低生产成本，为提升我国乃至全球畜牧业的动物繁殖效率做出贡献，为动物和人类的健康提供重要保证。     

围产期饲喂过瘤胃胆碱对奶牛生产性能及血液生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究围产期奶牛饲喂过瘤胃胆碱(RPC)对泌乳性能、血液生化指标及繁殖性能的影响。试验采用单因素试验设计,选用60头年龄、胎次、预产期、上一胎次产奶量相近的健康围产期奶牛,随机分为3组,每组20头。Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组在基础日粮上分别添加25 g/d和50 g/d RPC,饲喂期从产前3周至产后3周,共42 d。结果表明:Ⅱ组产奶量在产后1~8周显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P0.05);在产后第2周,Ⅲ组的乳脂率、乳蛋白率显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05);在整个试验期,Ⅱ组的谷丙转氨酶含量显著低于Ⅰ组(P0.05),Ⅲ组的天门冬氨酸转氨酶显著含量低于Ⅰ组(P0.05);产后第1周和第2周,Ⅱ组的β-羟丁酸、非酯化脂肪酸含量显著低于Ⅰ组(P0.05);Ⅱ组的甘油三酯含量显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P0.05),Ⅲ组的总胆固醇含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05);日粮中添加RPC可以显著提高情期受胎率(P0.05),显著缩减奶牛空怀天数(P0.05),也对产后初次配种时间的缩短和配种次数的降低有影响。日粮中添加RPC可提高围产期奶牛生产性能,对血液生化指标和繁殖性能产生有利影响,本试验条件下RPC最佳添加剂量为每头牛25 g/d。     

沙棘属植物资源概况及其培育技术研究进展

沙棘属植物具有很强的抗逆性和生态适应性,被广泛地应用到水土保持和生态建设事业中。在此分析了沙棘属植物资源现状,总结了我国近年来沙棘属植物的良种引进、繁殖和栽培技术等方面的研究进展,指出了沙棘属植物资源调查和培育实践中需要重点解决的问题,为今后我国沙棘属植物研究提供方向。     

一例猪繁殖与呼吸综合征高致病性毒株与链球菌混合感染的实验室诊断

某规模化自繁自养猪场产房母猪出现流产,保育猪关节肿胀、倒地不起、大量死亡,为研究发病原因,采集流产胎儿、死亡仔猪的肺脏、脾脏、淋巴结和关节液,进行分子生物学检测,病毒和细菌分离鉴定,并检测不同胎龄母猪猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒抗体,结果显示猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒检测为阳性,使用PAM分离到一株猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒,经序列鉴定为高致病性毒株;抗体结果表明四胎及以上母猪猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒抗体阳性率异常升高;病料分离的细菌经鉴定为猪链球菌,经实验室诊断确定猪场发病的原因为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征高致病性毒株与猪链球菌混合感染。     

Effects of melatonin implantation on cashmere yield,fibre characteristics,duration of cashmere growth as well as growth and reproductive performance of Inner Mongolian cashmere goats

Background

Exogenous melatonin could induce cashmere growth. However, induced growth of cashmere fleece by melatonin implants cannot be combined with the typical growth, resulting in earlier shedding followed by another cycle of cashmere growth. To address this issue, we examine the effects on the cashmere yield, fibre characteristics, and the growth and reproductive performance of cashmere goats of planned administration of melatonin.

Methods

Eighteen half-sib, female goats were assigned to two treatments (n = 9) including a control and a treatment where melatonin (2 mg/kg BW) was implanted at the end of April and end of June. Cashmere growth and shedding were observed for approximately 1 year following implantation. Fibre samples were collected monthly to determine cumulative cashmere length. Initiation and cessation dates for cashmere growth as well as the rate of cashmere growth were calculated. Cashmere yield, weight gain of dam, kidding date, litter size, and birth weight were also recorded.

Results

Melatonin implantation increased cashmere yield by 34.5 % (control 553.7 g vs. melatonin 745.0 g; P < 0.01), cashmere length by 21.3 % (control 95.2 mm vs. melatonin 115.4 mm; P < 0.01), and decreased fibre diameter by 4.4 % (control 14.6 μm vs. melatonin 14.0 μm; P < 0.03). In melatonin-treated goats, the average initiation date was earlier than in control goats (May 18, 2013 vs. July 2, 2013; P < 0.01) but there was a similar cessation date (March 22, 2014 vs. March 27, 2014). Consequently, the duration of cashmere growth was longer in melatonin-treated goats than in control goats (307 vs.270 days; P < 0.01). The final BW, average daily gain, kidding date, litter size, and birth weight were not influenced by melatonin implantation.

Conclusions

These data indicate that melatonin implantation (2 mg/kg BW) on two occasions (late April and June) increased cashmere yield by combining the induced growth of cashmere fleece with the typical growth and decreased the fibre diameter without changing dam growth rate or reproductive performance.     

2001年大火对扎龙自然保护区丹顶鹤栖息与繁殖的影响

2001年8月末至10月扎龙自然保护区发生重大火灾，大火虽对保护区丹项鹤(Grus japonensis)的栖息地有一些影响，但对整个保护区丹项鹤的迁徙数量影响不大；对丹项鹤的营巢环境、巢址选择、巢材等因子产生较大影响，巢周围剩余芦苇面积、高度成为丹项鹤巢址选择的主要因子，次要因子是植被类型；大火对丹项鹤的始营巢期产生了影响，其营巢期较正常年份延缓4～5天。