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1.
近50 a天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川变化分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川是我国监测时间最长、资料最为完备的一条冰川.1962年以来,采用5种观测方法共开展过9次地形图测量和3次乌鲁木齐河源区的航空摄影测量.通过对乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川已有观测数据的分析,结合2012年最新观测资料对该冰川近50 a的变化特征进行了深入研究.结果发现,乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川1962年和1980年的面积数据存在偏差.对原始测图重新数字化后,得到1962年和1980年该冰川面积分别为1.91 km2和1.86 km2.2012年采用GPS-RTK测量技术,对乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川进行详细的地形测绘和末端变化观测,结果显示,冰川面积为1.59 km2,其中东支和西支面积分别为1.02 km2和0.57 km2.近50 a来,该冰川退缩率为16.8%.冰川整体处于消融状态,但冰面消融程度存在显著差异.冰面坡度10°区域消融最为强烈.东支南北坡退缩普遍较强,西支北坡退缩快,东北坡面积有所增加,消融速度加快主要受气温和地形共同影响.  相似文献   
2.
Hui CHEN 《干旱区科学》2015,7(2):159-165
The Heihe River Basin is the second largest inland river basin in the arid regions of Northwest China. Glaciers provide a large proportion of water resources for human production and living. Studies of glacier changes and their impact on water resources in the arid lands are of vital importance. A joint expedition was carried out in 2010 for investigating glaciers in the Hulugou Basin, which is located in the upper reaches of Heihe River. Therefore, glacier changes in the Hulugou Basin of central Qilian Mountains during the past 50 years were analyzed in this study by comparing topographic maps, satellite images, digital elevation models and field observation data from different periods. Results showed that the total area of the 6 glaciers in the Hulugou Basin decreased by 0.590±0.005 km2 during the period 1956–2011, corresponding to a loss of 40.7% over the total area in 1956. The average area reduction rate of the 6 glaciers is 0.011 km2/a. During the past five decades, the glacier shrinkage was accelerated. The changes in glacier ice surface elevation ranged from –15 to 3 m with an average thinning of 10±8 m or an annual decrease of 0.23±0.18 m(0.20±0.15 m/a water equivalent) for the period 1956–2000. The area of Shiyi Glacier in the Hulugou Basin decreased from 0.64 km2 in 1956 to 0.53 km2 in 2011 with a reduction rate of 17.2%. The Shiyi Glacier had been divided into two separated glaciers because of severe melting. Comparative analysis showed that glacier shrinkage in the Hulugou Basin is more serious than that in the other regions of Qilian Mountains.  相似文献   
3.
谯程骏 《安徽农业科学》2010,38(14):7703-7705
利用1973年MSS、1992年TM、2001年ETM+、2007年TM数字遥感影像资料以及数字高程模型(DEM),结合第一次冰川编目资料,通过地理信息系统和遥感图像处理技术提取了唐古拉山冬克玛底地区不同年份的冰川分布范围。结果表明:研究区内的冰川面积1976年比1969年减小了0.84%,1992年冰川面积比1976年的减小了1.77%,2001年冰川面积比1992年减小了4.24%,2007年冰川面积比2002年减小了3.31%。结合气象资料和有限的野外资料进行分析,该地区冰川退宿趋势同气温升高趋势基本一致。1969年到2007年近40年时间里,冰川面积总共减小17.61km^2,占1969年面积的9.81%,冰储量减少5.75km3,相当于水资源损失5.17km3。  相似文献   
4.
2008年夏季,中国科学院天山冰川观测试验站科研人员对天山托木尔峰地区神奇峰冰川(也称青冰滩72号冰川)进行了大规模综合性的野外科考活动,获得了2008年7月30日至8月31日期间的冰川海拔3950m处的实测气象资料,包括气温、降水等。文中将这些气象资料与物质平衡数据相结合,对它们的关系进行了分析。2008年夏季青冰滩72号冰川野外观测资料分析结果表明:研究时段内,冰川日平均气温在0℃以上的天数达到了96%,冰川基本上处于消融状态;降水前后伴随的气温变化幅度大;基于观测数据,对气温和物质平衡进行了回归分析,回归系数为0.631;并利用灰熵关联度分析了降水和物质平衡之间的关系,它们之间的关联度系数为0.497。  相似文献   
5.
新疆叶尔羌河冰川突发性洪水成因调查与分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
1984年8月30日新疆叶尔羌河爆发特大洪水, 仅沿河水利工程损失50余万元, 抢修费达30万元。该河在解放以来, 曾先后有15次突发性洪水灾害。为此, 1985年4月至1987年, 新疆水利厅、中科院冰川所等单位组织了联合科考队伍, 首次赴该河的源头, 探索洪水的奥密。初步查明洪水来自源头时现代冰川区, 是由于冰川前进阻塞河道, 形成冰坝湖、堰塞湖, 其溃决酿成大洪水所致。  相似文献   
6.
Pacific capelin (Mallotus villosus) populations declined dramatically in the Northeastern Pacific following ocean warming after the regime shift of 1977, but little is known about the cause of the decline or the functional relationships between capelin and their environment. We assessed the distribution and abundance of spawning, non‐spawning adult and larval capelin in Glacier Bay, an estuarine fjord system in southeastern Alaska. We used principal components analysis to analyze midwater trawl and beach seine data collected between 1999 and 2004 with respect to oceanographic data and other measures of physical habitat including proximity to tidewater glaciers and potential spawning habitat. Both spawning and non‐spawning adult Pacific capelin were more likely to occur in areas closest to tidewater glaciers, and those areas were distinguished by lower temperature, higher turbidity, higher dissolved oxygen and lower chlorophyll a levels when compared with other areas of the bay. The distribution of larval Pacific capelin was not sensitive to glacial influence. Pre‐spawning females collected farther from tidewater glaciers were at a lower maturity state than those sampled closer to tidewater glaciers, and the geographic variation in the onset of spawning is likely the result of differences in the marine habitat among sub‐areas of Glacier Bay. Proximity to cold water in Glacier Bay may have provided a refuge for capelin during the recent warm years in the Gulf of Alaska.  相似文献   
7.
Soil properties related to soil development were measured in six profiles over approximately 180 years of soil development on recessional moraines of the Hailuogou Glacier, Sichuan of southwestern China. It is hypothesized that soil development is strictly time-dependent. Field and laboratory work indicate that as soil develops from initially coarse gravel outwash, the properties undergo a progressive physical and chemical change such that there is a considerable profile differentiation between the youngest and the oldest soils. The pH is also highly stratified; it decreases with time from 8.5 to 4.2 in the upper mineral soil and increases with depth in all profiles. Accumulation of soil organic C and N increases with time but the rates of accumulation become slower with time. Within the investigated timespan, soil C and N accumulated to a considerable level of 3.5 and 0.6 kg/m2 respectively, with mean annual rates of 28 g/m2 for carbon and 3.5 g/m2 for nitrogen. The rapid accumulation of organic C and N accelerates the processes of soil formation, but the content of organic C and N did not reach a steady-state during the observed timespan. The accumulation of soil organic matter results in increased acid production and in the chemical weathering of minerals that promote formation and translocation of the clay fraction and leaching of carbonate; it is also directly responsible for development of soil properties such as cation exchange capacity (CEC), and bulk density.  相似文献   
8.
Fine-scale geomorphic/pedogenic processes at alpine treeline may facilitate the initial stages of conifer invasion of alpine tundra. Turf-banked terraces and turf exfoliation associated with solifluction may provide both the topographic protection and the seedbed necessary for conifer establishment above treeline. The morphometry, stoniness and surface penetrability of turf-banked terraces were recorded. Whereas differences among sites exist due to topographic constraints, differences in soil penetrability depend on turf exfoliation. Exfoliated turf risers are significantly more penetrable than non-exfoliated solifluction risers and adjacent treads. These penetrable microsites provide favorable conditions for seed germination. The process of turf exfoliation may play a role in conifer advance into tundra during climatic change.  相似文献   
9.
Recent advances in geochronology provide opportunities to identify the glacial and periglacial sequences in mountain area. In this paper, we focus on the Upper Durance catchment (Southern French Alps), in the Clarée valley, where no absolute chronological benchmark was defined. Glacial remnants and periglacial features were investigated, integrated within a chronological scenario thanks to relative (weathering rind thickness) and absolute (CRE technique) dates. We find evidence of the existence of a Late-Glacial valley glacier, that has never been reported before. Then the upper valleys became ice-free during a period corresponding to the Early-Holocene Climate Optimum, whereas two sequences of cirque glaciation are identified during the second half of the Holocene. We also show evidence of three main generations of rockglaciers, which also mainly developed during the second half of the Holocene, probably at the end of the Subboreal period. The location and the altitudes of rockglaciers are strongly dependent on the geomorphic setting (especially the location of the sediment sources), hence complicating their palaeo-climatic interpretations.  相似文献   
10.
Whiteley AR, Bergstrom CA, Linderoth T, Tallmon DA. The spectre of past spectral conditions: colour plasticity, crypsis, and predation risk in freshwater sculpin from newly deglaciated streams. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2011: 20: 80–91. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract – Coastrange sculpin (Cottus aleuticus) have colonised recently deglaciated streams of Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska, USA, within the last 200 years. Highly cryptic colouration across a marked gradient of stream substrate colours within Glacier Bay could result from physiological (rapid) or morphological (slower) colour change. Laboratory experiments revealed that physiological colour plasticity occurred on the order of minutes, with significant variation in the degree of colour change among individuals and between populations. In contrast, morphological colour plasticity occurred on the order of weeks to months. Experimentally manipulated spectral conditions influenced the magnitude and variance of subsequent physiological colour plasticity. In‐stream predation trials revealed significantly more predation attempts on higher background contrast sculpin models, providing evidence that background colour matching has strong fitness consequences. Colour plasticity with apparent fitness consequences occurs at multiple interacting time scales in coastrange sculpin and may play an important role in the colonisation of recently deglaciated streams.  相似文献   
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