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1.
从患病的克氏原鳌虾(Procambarus clarkii)中分离纯化得到一株优势菌株AX1707。通过革兰氏染色、氧化酶试验、生化鉴定、16S rRNA基因测序和进化树构建等操作进行分析,结果显示,AX1707为布氏柠檬酸杆菌(Citrobter braakii),人工感染试验结果显示该菌具有较强致病性,药敏试验结果显示其对恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星、氟苯尼考、复方新诺明、庆大霉素和多西环素敏感,对四环素和新霉素中度敏感,对红霉素和氨苄西林耐药。  相似文献   
2.
基于眼柄微结构的克氏原螯虾生长分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
甲壳类的蜕壳生长机制使其能够记录生物学信息的钙化组织周期性消失。一直以来,甲壳类年龄和生长的研究都是一个比较棘手的问题。本文观察和分析了采集于上海浦东新区南汇新城镇河道的克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)的眼柄微结构,并研究了其眼柄上的生长纹与体长、体质量的关系。结果显示,克氏原螯虾眼柄切片的横截面和纵切面均可观察到其微结构由表层、色素层、钙化层和膜层等4部分组成;眼柄内存在明暗相间的生长纹,样本生长纹的数目范围为8~31个;生长纹间距由色素层与钙化层的交界处到钙化层与膜层的交界处呈现出由宽到窄的变化趋势。克氏原螯虾眼柄的生长纹数目与其体长、体质量的Logistic关系式分别为L=(96.66)/(1+e~(-0.25(t-2.54)))、W=(22.48)/(1+e~(-0.41(t-11.78)))。  相似文献   
3.
1. Despite their importance for aquatic biodiversity, ponds are among the most vulnerable freshwater habitats. Owing to their isolation in terrestrial environments, ponds are expected to be relatively well protected from biological invasions, but this depends on many factors. 2. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of a range of variables (water quality, habitat, and landscape attributes) on the colonization of discrete ponds by a widespread aquatic invader, the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii, which can disperse overland. 3. Investigations were conducted in two networks of ponds, each located in close proximity to a large invaded marsh. The two marshes under study differed in the length of time since the crayfish were introduced. 4. The proportions of colonized ponds and crayfish abundances were moderate in both networks, but higher in the network that had been invaded first. In both networks the distance to the marsh was the main predictor of pond colonization, considering similar energy costs to cross aquatic and terrestrial habitats for the recently invaded network, but assuming that dispersal was 25 times costlier across the terrestrial matrix than via streams for the earlier invaded network. Pond characteristics had no influence on crayfish occurrence in either network. Furthermore, predictions of pond invasion were lower for the recently invaded network. 5. The importance of the distance to the marsh indicates that natural dispersal was the main process of pond colonization by crayfish. Findings also suggested that overland dispersal was rare and costly. By contrast, streams were probably significant in facilitating crayfish dispersal. Differences between the two networks might arise from an invasion process still in progress in the recently invaded network. 6. From a management viewpoint, local actions are encouraged to prevent the spread of crayfish via streams. In addition, broader‐scale actions to mitigate other human disturbances would improve the outlook for pond biodiversity.  相似文献   
4.
近年来在湖北省范围内人工养殖的克氏原螯虾暴发了严重的疾病,其中白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)已成为危害克氏原螯虾健康养殖的重要病原。2016年5月湖北省潜江市养殖区暴发了一种传染性疾病,为探究此次疾病病因和流行规律,将染病虾进行临床症状观察、对病料进行PCR检测、系统发育树分析、人工感染和组织病理学观察。结果显示,发病克氏原螯虾临床症状主要表现为摄食减少,活力下降,反应迟钝;组织病理学观察结果显示,克氏原螯虾的肝胰腺、肠、肌肉、鳃组织均出现不同程度变性和坏死以及炎性细胞浸润等典型病理学变化,与WSSV感染克氏原螯虾出现的病变相似;PCR检测患病克氏原螯虾样品,结果显示WSSV呈阳性,阳性检出率为55.56%(15/27),未检测到斑节对虾杆状病毒(MBV)和传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒(IHHNV);检测产物测序并进行系统发育树分析,结果显示,该基因序列与WSSV的EG3株(KR083866.1)核苷酸序列同源性为100%。将病虾的肝胰腺、肠和肌肉组织投喂健康克氏原螯虾,投喂组均表现为急性死亡(累积死亡率为100%),并出现与自然发病虾相同的症状。WSSV的巢式PCR检测结果显示,人工感染病虾为WSSV阳性。根据以上显示,本次养殖克氏原螯虾大规模死亡的病原是WSSV。  相似文献   
5.
  1. Spread of the crayfish plague pathogen, Aphanomyces astaci, by North American crayfish species is considered one of the main reasons for substantial declines and local extinctions of native European crayfish populations. Owing to human introductions, several American crayfish species have become established throughout the world, and thus pose a potential threat to indigenous crayfish populations susceptible to crayfish plague.
  2. In Japan, two such widespread alien species, Procambarus clarkii and Pacifastacus leniusculus, were introduced for aquaculture purposes in the late 1920s and since then successfully expanded their ranges.
  3. Aggressive interactions with alien crayfish along with habitat modifications have been considered primarily responsible for drastic declines in populations of the Japanese endemic crayfish, Cambaroides japonicus, observed in the last few decades. However, the presence of the crayfish plague pathogen, to which Japanese crayfish are susceptible, may be expected, and could contribute to these declines.
  4. Only recently, A. astaci has been reported from Taiwan, and to our knowledge no study focusing on its presence outside of the Western Palearctic has been conducted.
  5. To fill this gap, 54 P. clarkii and 47 P. leniusculus individuals from five different Japanese locations were screened using molecular methods recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health. Aphanomyces astaci DNA was detected in all studied populations, altogether in 61% and 21% of examined individuals of P. clarkii and P. leniusculus, respectively.
  6. The results provide the first evidence of A. astaci presence in Japan and highlight the threat of pathogen transmission to C. japonicus populations.
Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
6.
克氏原螯虾形态与体重的通径分析   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
[目的]确定影响克氏原螯虾体重的主要形态性状,以期为克氏原螯虾的亲本选育、形态辅助育种提供理论基础。[方法]选取了350尾雌性克氏原螯虾和302尾雄性克氏原螯虾,分别测量其体重(Y)、全长(X1)、头胸甲长(X2)、头胸甲宽(X3)、腹节总长(X4)、第一腹节长(X5)和第一腹节宽(X6)。采用相关分析、多元回归分析和通径分析,以体重为因变量形态性状为自变量,计算了雌雄克氏原螯虾各性状间的相关系数,通径系数和决定系数。[结果]相关分析结果显示,雌雄克氏原螯虾各性状间相关性皆达到了极显著水平(P<0.01);多元回归分析中,雌雄克氏原螯虾剔除了与体重性状不显著的形态性状,建立的多元回归方程分别为Y雌=-34.689+10.629X2+6.479X3+0.803X1,Y雄=-33.413+5.727X2+6.770X3+2.043X1+3.045X6 ;通径分析结果表明,头胸甲长在雌性克氏原螯虾中对体重的直接作用最大,其次是全长和头胸甲宽,全长和头胸甲宽通过头胸甲长对体重的间接作用较大。在雄性中,也是头胸甲长的直接作用最大,其次是全长和头胸甲宽以及第一腹节宽,第一腹节宽通过头胸甲长、宽和全长对体重的间接作用最大。[结论]以上结果可为克氏原螯虾的选育奠定基础。  相似文献   
7.
不同饵料培养基对克氏原螯虾池塘浮游藻类及水质的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
张萍  周鑫  秦伟  柏爱旭 《广西农业科学》2014,45(8):1474-1480
【目的】筛选出适合克氏原螯虾养殖的新型饵料培养基,为开展池塘施肥养殖虾蟹提供科学依据。【方法】将不同饵料培养基(底栖饵料生物培养基、鸡粪培养基、鸡粪+猪粪混合培养基)施入克氏原螯虾养殖池塘,每种培养基设两个重复,试验期间以视野法计数浮游藻类,并测定pH、溶解氧(DO)、氨氮、亚硝酸盐、H2S等相关水质化学指标。【结果】与其他池塘相比,施底栖饵料生物培养基池塘的蓝藻门和裸藻门种类数明显减少,硅藻门种类数极显著增加并成为优势种群(P〈0.01);浮游藻类的Margalef丰富度指数和Shannon-Weaver多样性指数也均高于其他两种培养基。在浮游藻类生物量方面,施底栖饵料生物培养基池塘的硅藻门生物量及其所占比例分别为51.01 mg/L和44.4%,约是其他两种培养基的两倍;而裸藻门和蓝藻门的生物量及其所占比例也明显低于其他两种培养基。在水质化学指标方面,底栖饵料生物培养基能稳定水体pH,有效降低氨氮、亚硝酸盐和H2S含量。【结论】底栖饵料生物培养基可有效抑制有害蓝藻的繁殖,促进有益藻类生长并改善水质,在螯虾池塘养殖中可大面积推广应用。  相似文献   
8.
四种稻田农药对克氏原螯虾的急性毒性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用半静态方式水生生物急性毒性实验法,研究了在实验室常温条件下敌百虫、稻瘟灵、毒死蜱、阿维菌素四种稻田杀虫剂对克氏原螯虾( Procambarus clarkii)的急性毒性。结果显示,敌百虫、稻瘟灵、毒死蜱、阿维菌素对体重为(34.43±7.04)g克氏原螯虾的24 h半致死浓度(24 h LC50)分别为65.07、42.16、0.71、1.23 mg/L,48 h半致死浓度(48 h LC50)分别为35.75、33.49、0.59、0.84 mg/L;96 h半致死浓度(96h LC50)分别为12.54、18.83、0.45、0.37 mg/L。其安全浓度分别为3.24、6.34、0.122、0.117 mg/L。根据国家标准和本实验数据可以看出,敌百虫和稻瘟灵对克氏原螯虾中毒,毒死蜱和阿维菌素对其高毒。  相似文献   
9.
We examined the feasibility of inducing synchronous ovarian maturation in the crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, via eyestalk interventional injection (EI) using a Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP) gelatin containing tranexamic acid (TRA), domperidone (DOM) or serotonin (5‐HT). In total, 360 females were randomly assigned to seven experimental groups and a control group. The average survival rate (SR%) and average synchronous ovarian maturation rate (SMR%) in survivors in the EI groups, EI‐TRA, EI‐DOM, EI‐5HT were compared with bilateral eyestalk ablation (BEA), unilateral eyestalk ablation (UEA), abdominal injection (AI) of DOM (0.5 mg crayfish?1) alone (AI‐DOM) or combined with 5‐HT (0.5 mg crayfish?1) (AI‐DOM+5‐HT). The experiment covered a prolonged period of 32 days until two ovigerous females were observed in BEA. EI‐DOM achieved a SMR (66.67 ± 9.62%) higher than the control (22.05 ± 3.06%) (< 0.05), but lower than BEA (88.89 ± 11.11%), UEA (63.33 ± 18.56) and AI‐DOM+5‐HT (59.26 ± 10.14%) (> 0.05). EI‐DOM also achieved a higher SR (53.33 ± 3.85%) than BEA (15.56 ± 2.22), UEA (24.44 ± 5.88) (< 0.05) and AI‐DOM+5HT (51.11 ± 4.44) (> 0.05). However, EI‐TRA (SR = 28.89 ± 4.44, SMR = 37.78 ± 2.22) and EI‐5‐HT (SR = 15.56 ±4.44, SMR = 22.22 ± 11.11) failed to induce significantly higher SMR than the control. These findings suggest that EI methods, such as EI‐DOM, may have positive characteristics for the development of inexpensive and less labour‐intensive techniques for induction of ovarian maturation in decapods.  相似文献   
10.
不同施肥模式下的稻-克氏原螯虾田块水体菌群初探   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
为研究不同施肥模式对稻田养殖克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)田块水体细菌的影响,通过采用Illumina高通量测序技术针对施用化肥(CF)、有机肥(OF)和有机肥加腐熟鸡粪(OM)等3种施肥模式的水体细菌进行检测。高通量测序结果显示在3种不同施肥模式下的稻田中主要细菌门类均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)。主要优势菌属为Sporichthyaceae hgcl_clade、Limnohabitans、Polynucleobacter、Alpinimonas、Comamonadacea和Hydrogenophaga。在3种模式中,施用有机肥的田块细菌丰度显著高于施用化肥和有机肥加腐熟鸡粪的田块,细菌物种多样性显著高于施用有机肥加腐熟鸡粪田块,与施用化肥田块差异不显著。结果表明在施用有机肥模式下,水体微生物具有更好的多样性,生态系统更加稳定。有机肥与腐熟鸡粪配施虽然会降低水体细菌的物种多样性,但是腐熟鸡粪与有机肥配施会大大降低蓝藻细菌的丰度。聚类分析结果显示有机肥组与有机肥加腐熟鸡粪组水体细菌群落相似度更高。对稻田水体细菌与水体理化因子关联分析发现,对水体细菌影响最主要的环境因子是溶氧、总氮、pH和总磷。研究结果为不同施肥处理对稻田水体生态环境的影响以及为稻田综合种养施肥模式优化提供理论依据。  相似文献   
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