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1.
  目的  分析竹类植物不同组织部位及不同处理方法对其基因组大小的影响,可提高植物基因组大小测定精度。  方法  以竹类植物叶片和笋为材料,以水稻Oryza sativa为参照,设置细胞核染色时间为1、3、5、7、9、12、18、24和30 min共9个梯度,利用流式细胞仪对不同组织部位及处理的基因组大小进行分析。  结果  ①对同一竹种而言,其叶片和笋流式峰形图相似,基因组大小仅存在微小差异,差值为0.04~0.20 pg。②不同竹种对染色时间要求不同,其中,唐竹Sinobambusa tootsik、花叶唐竹Sinobambusa tootisik f. albo-striata、平安竹Pseudosasa japonica var. tsutsumiana、曙筋矢竹Pseudosasa japonica f. akebono、美丽箬竹Indocalamus decorus、花叶赤竹Sasaella glabra f. albo-striata及红秆寒竹Chimonobambusa mamorea f. variegata染色1 min即达到最大荧光峰值,孝顺竹Bambusa multiplex和黄皮绿筋竹Phyllostachys sulphurea染色3 min达到最大峰值,茶竿竹Pseudosasa amabilis var. amabilis和柳叶细竹Thyrsostachy ssiamensis染色5 min达到最大峰值,仅黄皮刚竹Phyllostachys sulphurea(叶片)7 min达到最大峰值。③12个竹种的荧光强度在1~30 min内存在较大变化,除茶竿竹、柳叶细竹、孝顺竹叶片及唐竹笋外,其他竹种的荧光强度变化值均在5%以上,特别是平安竹和花叶赤竹变化更大,分别为12.93%和12.88%。④热带木本竹种孝顺竹和柳叶细竹基因组大小为(1.64±0.54)~(2.69±1.01) pg,其他10个温带竹种基因组大小为(3.76±1.51)~(5.73±1.85) pg。10个温带竹种中,刚竹属Phyllostachys竹种基因组较小,大小为(3.76±1.51)~(3.91±0.95) pg,其他竹属的一些竹种基因组较大,大小为(4.82±0.54)~(5.73±1.85) pg。  结论  ①竹类植物叶片和笋均可作为基因组大小分析材料,细胞核染色时间对基因组大小测定结果存在一定影响,染色时间以3~5 min最佳。②热带木本竹种基因组大小明显小于温带木本竹种,温带木本竹种中,刚竹属竹种的基因组大小明显小于其他竹种。图1表5参29  相似文献   
2.
祁连山东段高寒植被类型对土壤理化特征的影响   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
[目的]探讨祁连山东段不同高寒植物的土壤理化特征,为区域水资源合理利用提供理论依据。[方法]对祁连山东段6种灌丛植被和高寒草地的土壤基本性状、土壤持水能力和土壤渗透性进行了相关指标的测定。[结果]①祁连山东段高寒植被的土壤容重随着土层深度的增加而增大,土壤含水量则随着土层深度的增加而降低。②祁连山东段土壤总孔隙度随着土层深度的增加而减小,毛管孔隙和非毛管孔隙无明显的垂直变化规律;③祁连山东段土壤最大持水量随着土层深度的增加而递增,土壤毛管持水量表现为先减少后增加的变化趋势;土壤非毛管持水量变化规律则不太明显。④祁连山东段土壤初渗透率(0.58~2.81 mm/min)高于平均渗透率(0.05~1.26 mm/min)和稳渗透率(0.04~1.31 mm/min),6种高寒植被的土壤初渗透率表现为高寒草地>山生柳>硬叶柳>绣线菊>千里香杜鹃>金露梅>头花杜鹃;平均渗透率表现为绣线菊>金露梅>千里香杜鹃>山生柳>硬叶柳>高寒草地>头花杜鹃;稳渗透率表现为绣线菊>金露梅>千里香杜鹃>山生柳>硬叶柳>头花杜鹃灌丛>高寒草地。[结论]研究区域高寒植物类型的不同会对该区域土壤理化特征产生不同影响,即土壤理化特征与植物之间存在相互联系与相互作用的关系。  相似文献   
3.
为探索低温启动型且具有纤维素强分解能力的复合菌系HT20作用下秸秆腐解的影响因素。采用室内培养试验,通过响应曲面优化法Box-Behnken设计建立HT20添加量、温度、秸秆含水率和尿素添加量与秸秆腐解率之间的模型,结合大田微区模拟试验验证HT20实际田间应用效果,并与常用的4种秸秆腐熟剂进行比较。结果表明:秸秆腐解率受HT20添加量、温度、秸秆含水率的影响显著,且各影响因素间交互作用对秸秆腐解率影响显著,尿素添加量与HT20添加量之间交互作用对秸秆腐解率影响不显著。与不添加腐熟剂(CK)和常用腐熟剂相比,HT20腐解速率提高20.10%~81.46%,腐解时间缩短17.62~183.41d,养分提高5.44%~71.49%,微生物数量增加1.57%~76.14%。表明,低温复合菌HT20在冀东滨海稻区还田秸秆腐解中起到了主导作用。研究结果为本地秸秆还田中低温复合菌系HT20的施用提供理论指导,为我国北方稻区秸秆还田提供技术支撑。  相似文献   
4.
Floral resources, such as carbohydrate-rich nectar or pollen, can bolster fitness and raise reproductive output of adult lepidopterans. Here, we used laboratory experiments to assess how those plant-derived foods impact adult fecundity, reproductive physiology and flight performance of an invasive strain of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda(FAW; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in China. More specifically, supplementary feeding on bee pollen and honey enhanced FAW flight duration, testis size, ovarian development, longevity and adult fecundity. FAW adults attained the longest pre-oviposition(10.8 days) and oviposition period(6.8 days) and longevity(19.2 days) on 5% acacia honey. Upon access to 2.5% acacia honey and 2.5‰ pine pollen, S. frugiperda attained the highest mating rate(79.7%), fecundity(644.9 eggs/female) and egg hatching rate(82.3%). Feeding on honey further delayed decay of male testes, while ovarian development was enhanced when female moths were allowed access to 2.5% honey and 2.5‰ pine pollen. Upon feeding on 5% honey solution, S. frugiperda engaged in flight over the longest duration(9.5 h), distance(29.9 km) and speed(3.1 km h~(–1)). Honey had a comparatively greater effect on the above parameters than pollen. Our findings help decipher FAW invasion patterns and population dynamics, facilitate the development of nutritional attractants, and contribute to integrated pest management of this newly-invasive pest in eastern Asia.  相似文献   
5.
林分空间结构会显著影响其林下幼树更新。为明确其影响林下幼树更新的关键因子,以湖南省青羊湖国有林场青冈栎林天然次生林为研究对象,测量幼树株数密度、树高、地径和冠幅,计算混交度、大小比数、开敞度指数以及聚集指数代表林分空间结构,评价林下幼树更新情况,并用灰色关联度分析方法探究两者间的相关关系。结果表明,青羊湖国有林场13块青冈栎林样地林下更新幼树有6种,分属于4科5属,分别是青冈栎、苦槠、多脉青冈、南酸枣、黄檀、马尾松,青冈栎在更新幼树中占明显优势,是优势树种,幼树重要值为63.09%。青冈栎林各林分空间结构指数与林下更新指数均大于0.5,关联度较高,综合所有林分空间结构指数对林下更新指数关联度的均值来看,对林下更新的影响由大到小为大小比数>开敞度>聚集指数>混交度,大小比数对青冈栎林下更新影响最为显著。在促进青冈栎天然次生林林下更新时,应以调整林木大小分化程度为主,综合考虑林木空间分布格局的调整方案。  相似文献   
6.
This study evaluated the status of native and stocked fish species in 13 prairie lakes in central Canada over eight years (2007–14) using three metrics: resource-use (benthic versus pelagic carbon via stable isotopes); body condition (relative weight index Wr); and parasite load (cestode gut enumerations). Analyses included game and non-game fishes, like naturally occurring northern pike, Esox lucius L., and yellow perch, Perca flavescens Mitchill, but focused on stocked walleye, Sander vitreus (Mitchill) because it supports a robust recreational fishery. Walleye and northern pike were significantly more reliant on benthic carbon than yellow perch or forage fishes (p < 0.05), but this reliance was not associated with any measured environmental variables for any species. In lakes with game fishes, forage fishes exhibited higher reliance on benthic energy, possibly due to predator avoidance strategy, particularly yellow perch. Walleye body condition index was consistently lower (<95–105) than values exhibited by the other two game fishes (81–139), and parasites were only common in walleye and associated with lake-water salinity (r2 = 0.93, p < 0.05) and sex (p < 0.05). Based on the results, the most desirable game fish, walleye, appears less resilient to environmental variability than northern pike and yellow perch, making this species more susceptible to impacts of future climate change.  相似文献   
7.
This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of water temperature (WT) and dietary protein levels on growth, body composition and blood biochemistry of GIFT tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus; initial average body weight: 38.75 ± 0.61g, n = 20). The fish were fed with six diets contained graded levels of protein (209.6, 251.0, 302.4, 354.3, 401.9 and 456.8 g/kg) and raised in each of WT (22°C, 28°C and 34°C) for 8 weeks. Results showed that the growth, feed utilization and protein efficiency were significantly increased with the increase of dietary protein level and followed by the latter platform at each WT. The fish raised at 28 and 34°C showed similar growth performance, and their values were significantly higher than the fish raised at 22°C (p < 0.05). The lipid contents in whole body were decreases with the increase of dietary protein level at each WT. However, the whole‐body protein, ash and moisture contents were not affected by dietary protein level or WT (p > 0.05). The values of serum biochemical indices (ALP, ALT, AST and TCHO) were all decreased with the increase of dietary protein. The optimal dietary protein requirement for GIFT tilapia to achieve maximal growth performance is 374.4, 301.7 and 304.9 g protein/kg diet at 22, 28 and 34°C, respectively.  相似文献   
8.
从教学内容设计、授课形式、考核模式及结合研究生具体研究课题对食品专业硕士研究生“分子生物学与生物技术”综述式和Seminar教学法进行了阐述。这2种教学方法不仅能够帮助学生全面深入地掌握课程的基本理论知识、熟悉分子生物学研究思路和方法、了解相关研究领域的新进展,并且能够增强硕士研究生对科学研究的兴趣,达到促进研究生科研创新能力培养的目的。  相似文献   
9.
整合素β3作为整合素超家族的一员,在早期胚胎发育和胚胎附植中发挥着重要作用。为探究牦牛繁殖周期各阶段输卵管不同部位中整合素β3的表达情况,本研究采集繁殖周期不同阶段(卵泡期、黄体期和妊娠期)雌性牦牛的输卵管组织,按照输卵管不同部位(峡部、壶腹部和漏斗部)将试验材料分为九组,通过实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)和蛋白免疫印迹(WB)检测整合素β3基因和蛋白在繁殖周期各阶段输卵管不同部位中的表达水平,运用免疫组织化学法对整合素β3进行定位。结果显示,在繁殖周期各阶段中,输卵管峡部的整合素β3表达量均显著高于壶腹部和漏斗部。在峡部中,整合素β3的表达量在妊娠期最高,黄体期最低;而在壶腹部和漏斗部中,整合素β3的表达量在卵泡期最高。免疫组织化学结果显示,整合素β3主要分布于牦牛输卵管的肌层、浆液腺、基细胞、黏膜上皮的分泌细胞、纤毛细胞中。综上所述,整合素β3在牦牛繁殖周期各阶段输卵管的不同部位均有表达,且存在表达差异,由此推测整合素β3对牦牛受精以及早期胚胎的发育发挥着重要作用。本研究结果为进一步探索整合素β3对牦牛生殖繁育的作用提供了理论依据。  相似文献   
10.
  1. Many species and populations of odontocetes have modified their behaviour to take advantage of feeding opportunities provided by fishing activities, with depredation of fishing gear being the most common type of adaptation.
  2. The northern Adriatic Sea has been identified as an important marine mammal area because of a regular occurrence of common bottlenose dolphins. Boat surveys were conducted within a 3,000 km2 sector of the Adriatic Sea off the coast of Veneto, Italy, between April and October 2018–2019. Based on 76 days at sea, 10,711 km of navigation, and 81 h 26 min of dolphin tracking, this study contributes novel quantitative information on dolphin spatial distribution, and on their occurrence in the wake of beam trawlers, otter trawlers, and midwater pair trawlers.
  3. A combined generalized additive model and generalized estimation equation framework indicated that trawling—along with other physiographic, biological and anthropogenic variables—influenced dolphin distribution. In days of trawling, the chance of encountering dolphins increased by ~4.5 times (95% confidence interval 1.8–11.0) near active beam trawlers, by ~16.0 times (7.1–36.0) near otter trawlers, and by ~28.9 times (12.0–69.6) near midwater pair trawlers.
  4. Spatial modelling was used to create maps of predicted distribution, suggesting differences in habitat use between trawling and no-trawling days. Spatial modelling for all days identified a dolphin distribution hotspot of 832 km2, situated off the Po river delta.
  5. Evidence contributed by this study can be used to inform management action within one of the world's areas most heavily impacted by fishing and other human encroachment. Such management action would help enforce the European Union's Habitats Directive and Marine Strategy Framework Directive, while also informing EU's Maritime Spatial Planning.
  相似文献   
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