Variation in TBX3 Gene Region in Dun Coat Color Polish Konik Horses

The Polish Konik is a primitive breed of horse, most likely descended directly from the wild extinct forest equus so-called Tarpan (Equus ferus ferus). The studbook of this breed is closed, and only individuals with blue dun in color with a well-developed black middorsal stripe and other primitive markings are entered. The aim of the presented study was the investigation of genetic background of dun phenotype in Polish Konik horses. A total of 93 Polish Koniks were investigated toward single nucleotide polymorphisms in a region of TBX3 gene by Sanger sequencing method. Obtained results confirmed that all investigated horses carry dun dilution genotype. Two new variants were identified which have not been previously described [WT/WT-G/G-A/G; WT/del-G/del-G/G]. Furthermore, our results showed in population of Polish Koniks occurrence of the rare genotype recently found in Estonian-native horses.     

Effect of electroacupuncture on microglia phenotype in injured abducens nerve

AIM: To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture treatment on microglia phenotype in Beagle dogs with abducens nerve injury. METHODS: Healthy adult Beagle dogs were randomly divided into 4 groups:normal control group, sham operation group, injury group and electroacupuncture treatment group, with 5 dogs in each group. In sham operation group, only the isolated nerves were exposed. In injury group, the dogs were restrained when electroacupuncture was performed in electroacupuncture treatment group. In electroacupuncture treatment group, electroacupuncture was performed on the base of dog nerve injury. The experiment was continued for 2 weeks. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of M1 and M2 markers in the microglia. RESULTS: The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in injury group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). In electroacupuncture treatment group, the expression of iNOS was significantly lower than that in injury group (P<0.05). The expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in injury group and electroacupuncture treatment group was higher than that in control group and that in electroacupuncture treatment group was significantly lower than that in injury group (P<0.05). The expression of arginase in injury group and electroacupuncture treatment group was higher than that in control group (P<0.05), and that in electroacupuncture treatment group was higher than that in injury group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in injury group and electroacupuncture treatment group was increased compared with control group (P<0.05). But the expression of BDNF in electroacupuncture treatment group was higher than that in injury group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: After abducens nerve injury, electroacupuncture treatment reduces the expression levels of M1 marker proteins in microglia and increases the expression levels of M2 marker proteins.     

南荻衰老的形态和生理生化特征的研究

为探讨南荻(Miscanthus lutarioriparius)衰老的形态与生理生化特征间的关系,以5种基因型的南荻为试材料,利用目测分级法对其衰老程度进行分级,并测定了旗叶、倒二叶和倒三叶生理生化指标。结果表明:南荻叶片的衰老等级与叶绿素含量成显著负相关,丙二醛(MDA)含量从孕穗期至果实成熟期逐渐增加,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性从孕穗期到抽穗期处于上升阶段,抽穗后到成熟期呈下降趋势;南荻衰老程度在空间上并无规律,但衰老速度在不同基因型间存在差异。     

黄瓜生长素受体同源基因CsAFB和CsTIR在拟南芥中的转化与功能表达

植物生长素受体是生长素信号通路中的重要因子.基于前期克隆得到了黄瓜(Cucumis sativus)生长素受体同源基因生长素信号F-box蛋白基因(auxin signaling F box protein,CsAFB)和转运抑制响应基因(transport inhibitor response,CsTIR),为进一步证实和研究这2个基因的功能,本研究利用拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)Col-0野生型和生长素受体编码基因功能缺陷突变体tirl-1为材料,导入黄瓜生长素受体同源基因,获取纯合转基因系.检测发现,拟南芥突变体tirl-1转入CsAFB/TIR基因后根系发育、外源生长素敏感性和细胞伸长反应均恢复至野生型水平.检测发现,野生型拟南芥中过量表达黄瓜CsAFB/TIR,尤其是Cs TIR基因,植株主根伸长明显受抑,侧根数量剧增,子叶下卷,叶柄上翘,真叶叶缘向离轴面弯曲,顶端优势明显.本研究表明,CsAFB/TIR基因功能类似拟南芥TIR1基因,为黄瓜生长素受体同源基因;过量表达该类基因通过增加生长素受体数量、扩大生长素信号的方式参与调控植物生长发育;为进一步在黄瓜中研究生长素受体功能及作用机理提供理论依据.     

丙环唑对玉米幼苗生长的调控及其相关机制

丙环唑(propiconazole,简称Pcz)作为一种杀菌剂被广泛应用于作物生产,它同时具有调节作物生长发育的作用,但关于丙环唑在玉米上的应用研究较少。本研究以玉米品种郑单958为材料,研究丙环唑(Pcz)对玉米苗期植株生长、细胞形态和激素信号的影响。结果表明,Pcz处理显著抑制玉米中胚轴与胚芽鞘的生长,降低株高,缩短叶片和叶鞘长度,减小叶夹角,同时显著抑制叶片和叶鞘细胞的纵向伸长,促使叶枕细胞排列由疏松变为紧密;Pcz处理显著降低玉米中赤霉素(GA1和GA3)的含量,下调GA合成酶基因GA3ox1基因的表达,上调GA钝化酶基因GA2ox5和GA2ox8表达,而GA合成酶基因GA20ox1的表达呈现先上调后下调模式;Pcz处理显著降低油菜素内酯(BR)含量,但BR合成基因CPD和DWF4的表达上调,可能是由于反馈调节。此外,Pcz处理下调扩张蛋白基因EXPA4、EXPA5和木葡聚糖内糖基转移酶/水解酶基因XTH1、XET1的表达。综上所述,Pcz处理调节GA和BR信号转导途径,抑制GA和BR在植株内积累,调控扩张蛋白、木葡聚糖内糖基转移酶/水解酶基因表达,操纵细胞生长,有效调控株型。     

人工接种CMV后辣椒植株中病毒含量的时序变化及症状表型

以5份不同类型的辣(甜)椒为供试材料,人工接种CMV重花叶型株系,通过DAS-ELISA方法,分别检测接种5、10、15、20、25、30d后辣椒植株中CMV含量的时序变化,同时对供试材料进行人工接种抗性鉴定,并对2种方法得到的数据进行相关性分析。结果显示:不同类型供试材料接种5~15d后的病毒含量逐渐增加,并于15d时达到最高水平,之后略有回落;通过DAS-ELISA检测得到的植株病毒含量与人工接种抗性鉴定得到的病情指数呈正相关,说明2种鉴定方法获得的结果一致。     

‘清水’苜蓿与‘WL168’杂交后代的表型特征及生理特性

本研究以‘清水’紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.‘Qingshui’）与‘WL168’紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.‘WL168’）的杂交后代选育系RSA-01,RSA-02和RSA-03为研究对象,于种植第5年对其表型特征及生理特性进行观测分析。结果表明：RSA-01,RSA-02地上生物量显著低于‘WL168’（P<0.05）,而RSA-03显著高于‘清水’;RSA-02,RSA-03茎粗显著高于‘清水’和‘WL168’,而茎叶比均低于‘清水’;各形态指标中,茎粗变异系数最小,且RSA-03值最小,为2.17%;通径分析表明,RSA-01,RSA-02和RSA-03的茎叶比、茎粗与其地上生物量的直接通径系数分别为-0.649和0.709,-0.700和0.422,-0.858和0.189,茎叶比、茎粗是影响地上生物量的关键因素;RSA-01,RSA-03的过氧化物酶活性显著低于‘清水’和‘WL168’。与亲本‘清水’相比,RSA-03的地上生物量和茎粗都具有显著的杂种优势,但其抗逆性减弱,该研究结果为后期产量改良及抗逆性研究提供理论依据。     

Suitability of European green frogs for intensive culture: Comparison between different phenotypes of the esculenta hybridogenetic complex

European countries are probably the greatest consumers of frogs' legs, although this is occurring in a context of amphibian decline. Imports of frogs' legs have been increasing over the last few decades in relation to the development of deep-frozen products. This demand has stimulated farming with neotropical species for international trade. Today, in spite of some trials on European species, no production is effective. From the early 1990s, small-scale experimental rearing trials have been undertaken in Brittany (France) with a local green frog belonging to the esculenta complex (Rana ridibunda) which accepts granulated feed. This complex comprises two Mendelian species R. lessonae (LL) and R. ridibunda (RR) as well as their hybridogenetic hybrid Rana esculenta, which can be either diploid (RL) or triploid (RLL, RRL).The purpose of this study is to analyse the ability of each taxon to be reared. During the two months following metamorphosis, froglets were trained to eat pellets. The surviving individuals were reared for one year under regulated conditions to estimate the survival rate, growth and production of each frog type.The results show low survival rates (14.8 to 26.2%) for LL and RLL, higher rates (39–46.4%) for F₁ and F₂ from wild RR and RLL, with the highest rates (63.0 to 77.4%) for RL, RRL and all RR, using data from several years of rearing. After three years under rearing conditions, the adult survival rate is highest for rearing strain RR-Rivan 92* (53.7%). The growth rate varies greatly according to phenotype, and only frogs with an RR phenotype reach marketable size. In the wild, LL exhibits some difficulty in reaching this limit. As a result, production increases from 1.5–8.7 kg/m² for individuals with an L hemiclone to 22.9–35.7 kg/m² for each cohort of phenotype RR from at least two generations under rearing conditions.In relation to hybridogenesis processes, hybrids with diploid or triploid genomes do not seem to offer any advantage for production purposes. However, R. lessonae individuals from intensive rearing can produce fertile eggs and tadpoles, which could enable production for restocking to preserve wild diversity or build up new populations in suitable habitats.     

啤用二棱大麦产量构成因素的表型相关分析与应用

应用简单相关、回归分析、偏相关、通径分析方法对沪麦4号等10个啤用二棱大麦品种（系）的产量构成因素进行统计分析和研究，结果表明，3个产量构成因素对单株产量均有正向效应，其中以每株穗数的贡献最大，每穗粒数次之，千粒重贡献最小。因此，提出了高产优质啤用二棱大麦的育种模式：以增加每株穗数“多穗型”为主要选择目标，兼顾每穗粒重，增加千粒重为配合选择指标，并适当协调好千粒重与穗粒数的关系。     

桑树多倍体鉴定和育种研究现状

近年来发现桑属植物存在14条染色体的2倍体(2n=2x=14)物种,而过去认为桑树2倍体有28条染色体(2n=2x=28),这些研究引起对桑属植物染色体组基数的关注。本文概述在植物多倍体研究中细胞学和分子技术的最新进展和应用;总结桑树多倍体类型、形成原因、表型效应及其生产应用;介绍桑树4倍体、3倍体的人工诱变创制技术,包括诱变处理方法、诱变后的管理、诱变体的选择、3倍体的人工有性杂交培育等,以及桑树多倍体的鉴定方法。指出采用物理和化学方法诱导与杂交育种技术结合是桑树多倍体育种的关键技术。提出多倍体育种今后研究的主要方向,为桑树多倍体育种和应用研究提供理论参考。