养猪场沼渣制备包膜缓释肥理化性质表征

文章以分散式养猪场沼渣为应用研究对象,以8%聚乙烯醇为包膜材料,改性斜发沸石为肥料载体和缓控释材料调理剂,通过添加不同沸石量制备3种复混包膜缓释肥。利用红外光谱、扫描电镜及三维荧光对3种缓释肥的进行表征。结果表明:添加改性沸石的复混包膜肥除了增加显著的沸石红外特征谱外,其余红外光谱图差异不明显,表明添加沸石对有机质(富里酸和腐殖酸)结构和化学键型并未产生明显的影响,即不影响沼渣理化性质;添加改性沸石可以使聚乙烯醇完整的覆盖在肥料表面,膜壳更加平整光滑,膜层更加致密;三维荧光光谱显示复混包膜肥Ⅰ浸出富里酸和腐殖酸浓度最大,复混包膜肥Ⅲ浓度最低,表明添加沸石有减缓肥料养分释放的效果。该研究对于利用养猪场沼渣制备包膜缓释肥有一定的参考价值。     

聚乙烯醇对水稻玉米种子萌发代谢作用及生长的影响

聚乙烯醇Ｐｏｌｙｖｉｎｙａｌｃｏｈｏｌ（ＰＶＡ）具有聚乙二醇Ｐｏｌｙｅｔｈｙｌｅｎｅｇｌｙｃｏｌ（ＰＥＧ）相同的作用：预处理水稻玉米种子后可提高种子活力，促进萌发代谢，其脂肪酶、淀粉酶、过氧化氢酶Ｃａｔａｌａｓｅ（ＣＡＴ）活性都有不同程度的提高。其丙二醇Ｍａｌｏｎｄｉａｌｄｉａｌｄｅｄｙｄｅ（ＭＤＡ）则有所下降。     

Lessons about extinction and translocation: models for eastern barred bandicoots (Perameles gunnii) at Woodlands Historic Park, Victoria, Australia

In 1998 the protected population of Perameles gunnii (eastern barred bandicoot) at Woodlands Historic Park, Victoria, Australia became functionally extinct following removals of individuals for translocation between 1994 and 1996. Population viability analysis and data collected whilst the population was in decline are used to explore the impact that these removals had on the decline of the P. gunnii population at Woodlands. Due to some ambiguities in the life history of P. gunnii at Woodlands, two structurally different population models were used. Explicitly including the removal of animals in the analysis indicates that there may be at least a three-fold increase in the risk of quasiextinction due to removals. In some scenarios, over 17% of the trajectories decrease to a level less than or equal to 10 females within the observed time period of the collapse of the population, that is by April 1998. The modelling approach identified a number of critical factors in the decline of the population, such as variation in survival rates. By representing the life history strategy using two alternate models, quantitative statements about the impact that removals had on the population decline at Woodlands are made. While removals probably contributed to the collapse of the population, removals were not the sole cause of population decline. The real reasons for decline remain unknown; however, it is likely to be closely linked to habitat decline, difficult environmental conditions and predation. If P. gunnii are reintroduced to Woodlands again, then the models presented here may help to develop management strategies to establish a self sustaining population, as well as exploring translocations options.     

Integrating effects of hunting policy, catastrophic events, and inbreeding depression, in PVA simulation: the Scandinavian wolf population as an example

Focusing on the wolf Canis lupus in Scandinavia as an example, criteria are proposed and an analysis performed to assess the effect on extinction risk of various control policies, while accounting simultaneously for effects of inbreeding depression and potential catastrophic events. Each control policy is characterized by a hunting pressure (the increase caused by hunting of annual mortality rates) combined with a hunting threshold (the population size below which hunting is not permitted). Catastrophes are taken into account by including the persistence of a severe catastrophe in the criterion for population viability. Based on these criteria, the results suggest that only a very limited amount of hunting should be permitted at low population sizes. The results also illustrate the importance of including a long-term perspective in modelling threatened populations.     

光合细菌固定化及其处理黄泔水的研究

以PVA-硼酸混合载体法固定光合细菌处理黄泔水，探讨其对黄泔水处理的较佳工艺条件。结果表明：光合细菌的包埋条件为10％聚乙烯醇、4％SiO2、0．15％海藻酸钠和30％菌液。在好氧黑暗、pH值8．0、菌液接种量20％、装液量100mL条件下，固定化光合细菌处理黄泔水120h，其CODcr去除率为91％。     

PVA固定化污泥反应器启动特性的研究

比较了ＰＶＡ固定化污泥反应器和游离污泥反应器在启动过程中的特性差异。结果表明，ＰＶＡ固定化污泥反应器能在高浓度ＣＯＤ下稳定启动，能抗高容积有机负荷和水质不稳定的冲击，ＣＯＤ绝对去除量高２～３倍，出水ＳＳ和Ｏ．Ｄ值明显较低，ＶＦＡ浓度较低而总碱度（ＴＡ）较高，污泥产酸活性和产甲烷活性也较高。游离污泥反应器的性能相对较差，这种差异的微生物学原因在于污泥经ＰＶＡ固定后建立了良好的产酸化和产甲烷化的互营体系，而游离污泥反应器形成这种互营体系则需要较长的时间。     

明胶/PVA类肥料包膜材料的制备与环保性能研究

具有较好环保性能的包膜材料用于缓控释肥生产,可防止膜材料对土壤造成的潜在危害。本文以明胶、聚乙烯醇为原料复合共混制备膜材料,利用红外光谱(FTIR),扫描电镜(SEM)表征材料结构,并研究了膜材料拉伸强度和断裂伸张率力学性能,受控堆肥条件下的生物降解行为,明胶/PVA复合材料包膜尿素的养分缓释性及对小鼠的急性经口毒性。结果表明:当复合膜材料配比为m_(PVA):m_(Gel)=4:1时,组分相容性最好,并表现出良好力学性能、养分缓释性能和生物降解性能,复合材料包膜的肥料对小鼠无毒性作用,具有较好安全性。因此明胶/PVA复合膜材料具有较好的环保性能,其作为缓控释肥料的包膜材料具有较好应用前景。     

纳米SiO2对聚乙烯醇基复合涂膜包装材料成膜透湿性能的影响

聚乙烯醇（PVA）由于其亲水性能而影响其在食品包装上的应用。本研究采用添加纳米SiO2对聚乙烯醇基复合涂膜包装材料进行改性,利用响应曲面方法研究SiO2、硬脂酸、戊二醛对三元复合涂膜材料成膜效能特性的影响及交互作用。结果表明：加入纳米SiO2可有效提高聚乙烯醇基复合涂膜包装材料的阻水阻湿性能,优化组成膜透湿率（8.18 g•m-2•d-1）比对照组（不添加纳米SiO2的PVA复合膜）降低26.61%（p<0.05）。硬脂酸、戊二醛对复合涂膜材料成膜的透湿率的影响与纳米SiO2存在显著的交互作用,每100 mL 5%（W/VH2O）的PVA溶液中纳米SiO2添加量在小于0.05 g范围内随着其含量增大,复合涂膜材料成膜透湿率随硬脂酸、戊二醛的比例增加而降低,阻水阻湿性能提高。     

Characterising Gluing Properties of Lodgepole Pine Containing Beetle-Transmitted Bluestain

In the article, with the instruments of the Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, the experiment method of Forintek Canada Corp. was used to test the laminating of lodgepole pine containing beetle-transmitted bluestain; finally the result was compared with Canada report. The results show that the presence of glue joints of bluestained wood made with either PVA or PRF adhesive makes no difference to the shear strength of the joints, and no difference to durability of the joints using PRF. Also the presence of beetle-transmitted bluestain in wood does not affect the adherence of the interior finishes tested.