暗纹东方鲀冻藏品质劣化的原因解析

通过比较冰晶、内源蛋白酶以及氧化对冻藏暗纹东方鲀(Takifugu obscurus)品质的影响，确定冻藏暗纹东方鲀品质劣化的关键因素。实验通过液氮浸渍快速冻结抑制鱼肉组织中冰晶增长、碘乙酸浸泡前处理抑制鱼肉内源蛋白酶活性、复合抗氧化剂浸泡前处理抑制蛋白/脂质氧化作用的设计，区分冰晶、内源蛋白酶和氧化3种因素对冻藏鱼肉品质的影响；并以硬度、解冻流失率、蒸煮损失率、挥发性盐基氮含量、K值、Ca2+-ATPase活性、肌原纤维小片化指数和肌纤维长度作为鱼肉品质的评价指标。结果显示，冻结过程中控制冰晶增长对暗纹东方鲀冻藏品质的改善作用最大，冻藏24周后，速冻组的硬度比内源蛋白酶抑制组和氧化抑制组分别提高了26.8%和20.5%，解冻流失率分别降低了44.2%和44.8%，且该处理组TVB-N、K值和Ca2+-ATPase活性变化更慢，24周后分别为10.5 mg/100 g、6.8%和1.43 μmol Pi/mg/10 min。综合各项指标发现，冰晶、内源蛋白酶和氧化对冻藏暗纹东方鲀品质劣化均有影响；其中，冰晶作用是导致暗纹东方鲀在冻藏过程中品质下降的最主要影响因素，内源蛋白酶和氧化对冻藏暗纹东方鲀品质的影响次之，且二者对品质影响无显著性差异。     

Oxidation of diazinon and malathion by myeloperoxidase

The aim of the work was to investigate the in vitro oxidation of diazinon and malathion, organophosphorous pesticides (OPs) containing phosphorthioate group, catalyzed by enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO). The oxidation was performed in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The products were identified as oxon derivatives (phosphates), where the sulfur atom from thioate group was substituted by an oxygen atom. No hydrolysis products were detected after enzyme - induced oxidation. The oxidation efficiency was controlled using acethylcholinesterase (AChE) bioassay for determination of oxon derivatives concentration. The influence of OPs concentration, incubation time of OPs with MPO, as well as MPO concentration on the yield of oxo forms was investigated. Kinetic constants of MPO in oxidation of malathion and diazinon were estimated. The maximum concentration of oxo forms was achieved after 10 min incubation of OPs in 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) with 100 nM MPO.     

利用补气提高催化转化器效能的研究

进行了补气量对催化转化器降低二冲程小型汽油机排放影响的试验。对补气系统的结构参数如补气管及补气阀进气管尺寸，补气孔位置进行了试验与调整，以达到最佳降排放效果，试验结果表明，补气对于利用催化转化器降低二冲程小型汽油机排放非常重要，且补气量存在一最佳值，各结构因素都会对排放造成重要影响。应合理选取。     

Discussion of the Application and Foreground of Falling Water Aeration with the Process of Sewage Treatment

The engineering design of sewage treatment plant for the Chongqing city, P. R. China is analyzed in this paper. Considering the situation of China and other projects, the characteristics of falling water reactor for the environment protection project and economy of investment is introduced ; the application and foreground of falling water aeration in the process of sewage treatment is discussed, such as Oxidation - ditch, SBR, and so on. The conclusion indicated that the falling water aeration can be designed and used as an independent aeration, and, it is an upgraded technology of sewage treatment which is adaptive for city water environment control in middle and small towns in China. The falling water aeration may reduce running cost of the sewage treatment plant, is adaptive for foothill and the mountainous areas, and reduces project investment and environments damage.     

Kinetics of substrate oxidation and hydrogen peroxide production by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides Large Colony (LC) type and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri

Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides Large Colony (LC) type is a pathogen of goats causing contagious agalactia and respiratory disease, found on all continents where small ruminants are kept. It shares close genetic characteristics with M. mycoides subsp. capri. Substrate oxidation by 22 strains of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides LC from nine countries was compared with that of eight strains of M. mycoides subsp. capri from five countries. There was considerable similarity in the substrates used, but substrate saturation coefficients (K_s) varied for different substrates. Substrate utilization patterns and K_s values did not (1) significantly differentiate the LC strains from each other, (2) show any correlation with geographical origin, or (3) distinguish the LC strains from the capri strains. These results support previous studies justifying the reclassification of these subspecies as a single species.     

Effects of previous elemental sulfur applications on oxidation of additional applied elemental sulfur in soils

Oxidation of elemental sulfur (S⁰) in 20 Chinese agricultural soils was tested and the effects of previous S⁰ applications on the oxidation of additional applied S⁰ in selected soils were investigated using laboratory, greenhouse, and field experiments. Results showed that sulfur oxidative capacities presented great variability among 20 tested soils, with a coefficient of variation of 92.4%. There were no significant relationships between S⁰ oxidation and physical and chemical properties of the selected soil. Previous S⁰ amendment significantly increased the oxidation rate of additional applied S⁰. These stimulatory effects after the first applications of S⁰ were greater than those after two applications. The percent increase in S⁰ oxidation rate due to S⁰ pretreatment was negatively correlated with the oxidation capacities of soils before S⁰ pretreatments. The significant reduction of sulfur oxidation in autoclaved soils and significant increase in S⁰ oxidation after inoculation with S⁰-treated soil suspension demonstrated that microbial oxidation was mainly responsible for the enhancement of soil oxidation ability after previous S⁰ amendments.     

水稻白叶枯病菌转录调控因子OxyRxoo对细菌抗氧化系统的调控作用

病原细菌对活性氧的降解是抗氧化和侵染中的重要毒性机制之一。阐述了水稻白叶枯病菌（Xanthomonas oryzaepv.oryzae）的转录调控因子OxyRxoo在病菌抗氧化系统中的调控作用,以及目前对OxyRxoo的研究进展。     

一株嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌的分离及其氧化活性的研究

本研究从铜陵新桥矿区的高硫矿堆废水中分离一株嗜酸菌S t1,经生理生化特征及16S rDNA分子鉴定,确定其为嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌。该菌株分别在含有FeSO4·7H2O、S0、黄铁矿石颗粒（FeS2）的9K无机盐液体培养基中获得生长所需要的能量。结果嗜酸菌S t1对Fe2＋氧化速率最快,培养到36h时溶液中44.1g·L-1 FeSO4·7H2O有95%被氧化;S0为能量底物的培养体系中,培养到26d时培养液中SO42-浓度达到2.2412 mg· mL-1,pH值降至1.18;黄铁矿石颗粒（FeS2）为能量底物的培养体系中,SO42-平均生成速率为1.3602 mmol·L-1·d-1,黄铁矿石颗粒氧化速率达到0.068mmol·d-1·g-1。     

Banana Prevents Plasma Oxidative Stress in Healthy Individuals

There is increasing evidence that lipid peroxidation and oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL) is important in atherogenesis. The present study was designed to study the effects of a single banana meal on plasma lipids and lipoprotein profile, plasma oxidative stress and susceptibility of LDL to oxidation in 20 healthy volunteers. Lipid and lipid peroxide (LPO) levels were measured before the meal (baseline, fasting) and 2 h after it (post-dose). The susceptibility to copper-induced oxidation of baseline and post-dose LDL was measured as conjugated diene (CD) formation. Results showed that the LPO contents in plasma, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), LDL and high density lipoprotein (HDL) decreased significantly in the 2 h post-dose phase. Prolongation of lag phase and decrease of CD formation during LDL oxidation indicated that post-dose LDL was less susceptible to oxidative modification than the homologous fasting LDL. In conclusion, the consumption of banana reduces the plasma oxidative stress and enhances the resistance to oxidative modification of LDL.     

生物柴油氧化稳定性研究

采用烘箱法，将样品置于63℃±2℃的培养箱中，定时取样检测样品过氧化值、酸值、硫代巴比妥酸值，考察B5、B10、B20、B100菜籽油生物柴油（RME）、大豆油生物柴油（SME）、棕榈油生物柴油（PME）、废煎炸油生物柴油（FWME）和0#柴油氧化稳定性，同时考察金属介质对B100生物柴油氧化稳定性的影响。结果表明，4种生物柴油的氧化稳定性依次为FWME＞RME＞PME＞SME，而0#柴油氧化稳定性远优于生物柴油；B5、B10、B20生物柴油样品表现出较好的氧化稳定性，但随着样品中生物柴油添加比例的增加，其酸值也高，样品的氧化主要是生物柴油氧化导致的；金属铜对生物柴油和0#柴油的氧化均有催化作用，金属铁的催化作用不明显。