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2.
为探究秋海棠的优良栽培基质及草坪草的修剪废弃物替代泥炭作为基质的可能性,以栽培广泛的四季秋海棠幼苗为试材,在上海辰山植物园的栽培大棚中进行盆栽试验.分别选用T1(泥炭∶珍珠岩=1∶1)、T2(泥炭∶珍珠岩∶松树皮=1∶1∶1)、T3(玉米秆∶珍珠岩∶松树皮=1∶1∶1)、T4(玉米秆∶珍珠岩∶松树皮=2∶1∶1)、T5(草秆∶珍珠岩∶松树皮=1∶1∶1)、T6(草秆∶珍珠岩∶松树皮=2∶1∶1)、T7(蛭石∶珍珠岩∶松树皮=11∶1)和T8(蛭石∶珍珠岩∶松树皮=2∶1∶1)8种混合基质,比较四季秋海棠的生长表现差异.结果表明,四季秋海棠在8种栽培基质中,上盆后30~60 d时茎均显著增大,60~90 d时株高、叶数和叶面积增加最多.最佳综合表现为T6处理,在该基质中,分枝数、叶片厚度、开花数、地上部分鲜干质量和相对叶绿素含量均最大.综合评价分析,基质用草秆∶珍珠岩∶松树皮=2∶1∶1替换泥炭,可满足四季秋海棠生长,因此,修剪后的草坪草废弃物可替换泥炭用于秋海棠的无土栽培基质.  相似文献   
3.
Bonamia spp. parasites threaten flat oyster (Ostrea spp.) farming worldwide. Understanding test performance is important for designing surveillance and interpreting diagnostic results. Following a pilot survey which found low Bonamia sp. intensity in farmed Ostrea angasi, we tested further oysters (= 100–150) from each of three farms for Bonamia sp. using heart smear, histology and qPCR. We used a Bayesian Latent Class Model to assess diagnostic sensitivity (DSe) and specificity (DSp) of these tests individually or in combination, and to assess prevalence. Histology was the best individual test (DSe 0.76, DSp 0.93) compared to quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) (DSe 0.69, DSp 0.93) and heart smear (DSe 0.61, DSp 0.60). Histology combined with qPCR and defining a positive from either test as an infected case maximized test performance (DSe 0.91, DSp 0.88). Prevalence was higher at two farms in a high‐density oyster growing region than at a farm cultivating oysters at lower density. Parasite intensities were lower than in New Zealand and European studies, and this is probably contributed to differences in the performance of test when compared to other studies. Understanding diagnostic test performance in different populations can support the development of improved Bonamia surveillance programs.  相似文献   
4.
To select the best microalgae for Ostrea edulis conditioning, four single species diets were fed to batches of broodstock, which were then compared using physiological and biochemical approaches. Ingestion and absorption were first studied, showing that Chaetoceros gracilis and Skeletonema marinoï were efficiently ingested (4.9–5.3 mg g?1 h?1) and absorbed (1.9–2.5 mg g?1 h?1) while Tetraselmis suecica led to the lowest physiological responses (0.36 and 0.12 mg g?1 h?1 respectively). When O. edulis were fed any microalgae except T‐ISO with only 79 mg g?1, gonads accumulated carbohydrates from 116 to 141 mg g?1 and the extent of accumulation depended on the species supplied in the order T. suecica<C. gracilis<S. marinoï. When oysters were fed either of the diatoms (C. gracilis or S. marinoï), an efficient transfer of 20:5(n‐3) to all tissues, including the gonads, was recorded while no enrichment in 22:6(n‐3) occurred in all tissues (polar fraction) when oysters were fed T‐ISO. In contrast (22:5(n‐6)), a characteristic fatty acid of T‐ISO accumulated in all tissues, confirming its allocation despite particularly low ingestion (1.66 mg g?1 h?1) and absorption (0.32 mg g?1 h?1). When oysters were fed C. gracilis or S. marinoï an efficient transfer of cholesterol and campesterol from diatoms to the gonads was observed, while no sterol accumulation occurred in the gonad when fed T. suecica. Because of low ingestion, absorption and poor biochemical compounds' transfer, T. suecica is not recommended for O. edulis conditioning. T‐ISO also exhibited low physiological performances but due to a specific 22:6(n‐3) enrichment in the gonad neutral fraction (16.1%), its potential role in reproduction should be considered. Chaetoceros gracilis is highly recommended for O. edulis broodstock while a source of DHA other than that provided by T‐ISO should be found due to its poor absorption. Because a mixed diet has been shown to be more efficient for O. edulis broodstock conditioning, complementary trials dealing with the effects of other species rich in 22:6(n‐3) such as Rhodomonas salina or Pavlova lutheri should be performed.  相似文献   
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6.
  1. Bioinvasions are known to be highly unpredictable and context‐dependent, varying both spatially and temporally, particularly in areas of intense anthropogenic activity and disturbance. Even the most unlikely invader can rapidly become problematic in the absence of frequent, coherent, and flexible management strategies. Using the recent spread of the Chilean oyster (Ostrea chilensis Philippi 1845) within a designated Special Area of Conservation, the paper describes what can happen to seemingly innocuous non‐native species under the often complicated and uncoordinated current UK legislation framework.
  2. Following >30 years of containment at Tal y Foel (North Wales, UK), O. chilensis, a species with a highly‐reduced natural dispersal capacity, has now spread over a range of >30 km of shoreline. Alternative vectors, including rafting and several anthropogenic activities, are likely to have facilitated the dispersal of O. chilensis away from Tal y Foel.
  3. Areas of high oyster densities (maximum = 232 oysters m‐2) have become established both close to and distant from the site of original introduction. The presence of all year classes throughout the observed age range (≤7 and ≤9 years old in the intertidal and subtidal populations, respectively) confirms regular annual recruitment in the area. Information is now urgently required regarding the factors that promote the persistence and spread of O. chilensis within its new environment, as well as the impacts of its increasing localized dominance on the native biodiversity and ecosystem function.
  4. As well as providing valuable, up‐to‐date information on the recent spread of this non‐native species, the paper highlights discrepancies in the current UK legislation framework that allow for the successful establishment and spread of even the most unlikely invaders. the formation of a comprehensive and dedicated EU legal framework for managing invasives is advocated that also promotes coherence and continuity with impending legislative instruments concerning other relevant sectors.
Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
7.
叶飞  黑淑梅  常海飞 《安徽农业科学》2011,39(16):9505-9506,9509
[目的]为尖尾芋水培生产提供理论依据和技术支撑。[方法]用不同种营养液培养尖尾芋,测定比较形态和生理指标,对尖尾芋水培的4种营养液进行优化选择。[结果]用斯泰纳营养液培养的尖尾芋植株,其株高、叶片数、鲜重、叶绿素含量、光合速率及根系活力均高于日本园试、霍格兰和洛桑营养液,而丙二醛(MDA)含量较低,仅低于日本园试营养液培养的植株。[结论]斯泰纳营养液为尖尾芋的最优水培营养液。  相似文献   
8.
0号柴油水溶性成分对僧帽牡蛎脂质过氧化的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
陈荣 《水产学报》2005,29(2):150-153
在实验条件下,将僧帽牡蛎分别置于含有0.5、2、5 mg·L-10号柴油水溶性成分的海水中,在污染后1、4、7、11、15 d采样,15 d后转入清洁海水中进行6 d的恢复实验,采样,观察消化腺和鳃脂质过氧化的程度。结果表明:(1)正常生理条件下消化腺和鳃也有一定程度的脂质过氧化,消化腺显著高于鳃;(2)脂质过氧化的程度随污染时间的延长而增加,并存在一定的剂量-效应关系,可作为监测海洋石油污染的生物标志物;(3)解除污染后,脂质过氧化恢复到对照水平。  相似文献   
9.
  1. Since the collapse of the Ostrea edulis stock in the mid‐1800s the oyster has struggled to re‐establish itself in self‐sustaining assemblages in Europe.
  2. It is now widely recognized that O. edulis is an integral component of a healthy biologically functional benthic environment and, as such, the restoration of wild stocks has become a matter of urgency.
  3. A major limiting factor in O. edulis stock recovery is the availability of suitable substrate material for oyster larvae settlement.
  4. This research re‐examined the larval settlement potential of several naturally occurring in‐situ shell materials (e.g. Mytilus edulis, Modiolus modiolus, O. edulis), with the aim of determining which shell material is the most appropriate for large‐scale restoration projects.
  5. A positive correlation between available shell material and settlement was determined, and analysis using permanova did not identify an attachment preference by O. edulis to any particular shell type.
  6. The findings suggest that if restoration efforts were coordinated with applied hydrodynamic and habitat suitability modelling, in conjunction with naturally occurring shell substrate concentrations, a cost‐effective recovery for O. edulis assemblages in the wild could be achieved.
  相似文献   
10.
Survival, growth and fatty acid composition of Ostrea edulis larvae (L.) fed four different single species, microalgal diets, Tisochrysis lutea (T), Chaetoceros neogracile (Cg), Skeletonema marinoi (Sm) or Tetraselmis suecica (Ts) from broodstock to pre‐settlement, were studied. Lower larval growth (5.5 μm to 6.5 μm/d) was recorded in progeny continuously fed single Smarinoi or Tsuecica, whereas good growth was achieved with single T. lutea (7.8 μm/d). Larvae, originated from broodstock receiving Sm or Ts, exhibited growth compensation when fed a bispecific balanced diet (TCg). This did not occur when broodstock and larvae were fed Cg or T, for which single or mixed diets led to similar larval growth. Furthermore, survival was high (>90%) regardless of microalgal diet, except for larvae fed from broodstock to pre‐settlement T (53%) or Ts (2%). There were significant differences in 20:5 (n‐3) and 22: 6 (n‐3) contents in polar and neutral fractions of O. edulis expelled larvae dependent on broodstock diet, as well as throughout larval development, but no clear trend was apparent when comparing fatty acid (FA) relative composition of both fractions of O. edulis larvae fed different diets at release or prior to settlement. In contrast, such correlation occurred when FA was expressed in absolute content but exclusively for larvae‐fed single diets and was particularly noticeable between 22: 6 (n‐3) and growth and survival. In the present work, broodstock nutritional deficiencies have been revealed in O. edulis progeny, compensated thereafter by feeding the larvae a mixed diet, and in this balanced condition, no obvious relation with larval development indicators was found with main fatty acid contents.  相似文献   
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