基于ISSR标记的20种荷花品种资源遗传多样性分析

[目的]研究20种荷花材料遗传多样性和亲缘关系。[方法]利用ISSR-PCR体系筛选出16条多态性引物,并利用16条ISSR引物对20种荷花材料进行PCR扩增。[结果]16条引物扩增出225个位点,多态性位点占75.56%。通过Popgene32软件计算出20个荷花品种间的相似性系数为0.577 8~0.951 1,平均值为0.779 6。通过聚类分析将20个荷花品种分为两大类,白洋淀红莲和冬瓜莲可归为一类,其他18个品种划分为第二类。[结论]ISSR标记技术可有效应用于不同荷花品种的遗传多样性分析和亲缘关系的鉴定。     

莲藕棒孢霉叶斑病病原鉴定及其生物学特性测定

对海南省海口市桂林洋莲藕田的莲藕植株上发生的一种新病害莲藕棒孢霉叶斑病的病原进行了鉴定,并对病原菌进行了生物学特性测定。研究结果表明：该病原菌为山扁豆生棒孢[Corynespora cassiicola (Berk.& Curst.) Wei];病原菌菌丝生长的适宜条件为温度25~30 ℃,pH 6~9,碳源为无水葡萄糖或D-木糖,氮源为牛肉膏或大豆蛋白胨;最适生长条件为温度28 ℃,pH 7,碳源为无水葡萄糖,氮源为牛肉膏。光照对该病原菌的影响不大。     

山楂、冬瓜、荷叶天然复合保健饮料的工艺研究

以山楂(Crataegus pinnatifida)、冬瓜[Benincasa hispida(Thunb.)Cogn.]、荷(Nelumbo nucifera)叶为原料制作天然复合保健饮料,添加蔗糖、柠檬酸、CMC-Na、蜂蜜为辅料,通过单因素试验和正交试验优化其工艺。结果表明,制作天然复合保健饮料的优化工艺为饮料原汁100 m L、蜂蜜4%、蔗糖2%、柠檬酸0.05%、CMC-Na 0.08%,在此工艺条件下制得的天然复合保健饮料色、香、味俱佳。     

荷花新品种蔡甸红莲的选育

蔡甸红莲是从自然杂交苗中选育,经无性繁殖而成的莲花新品种,观赏性状稳定,属于中小株型重瓣品种群。该品种始花期早,6月20日始花,群体花期长,达60 d,着花较密,每缸6~8朵,花蕾红色,花型重瓣,97(73~112)枚,花径15(13~16)cm,最大瓣径长6.1 cm,宽4.1 cm;花态碗状。花色Red-Purple Group 57A;雄蕊多数,附属物大,白色具彩斑。     

High diversity,expanding populations and purifying selection in phytoplasmas causing coconut lethal yellowing in Mozambique

In this study, the putative phytoplasma species causing coconut lethal yellowing disease in Mozambique and Tanzania were characterized. The 16S rRNA and secA genes were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Mozambican coconut phytoplasmas belong to three different types: ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola’ 16SrXXII‐A, a second strain that was previously isolated in Tanzania and Kenya (16SrIV‐C), and a third strain that was different from all known lethal yellowing phytoplasma species. The third strain potentially represents a novel species and is closely related to pine phytoplasma. Co‐infection with ‘Ca. Phytoplasma pini’‐related and ‘Ca. Phytoplasma palmicola’ 16SrXXII‐A strains was observed. Furthermore, sequence variation in ‘Ca. Phytoplasma palmicola’ at the population level was consistent with purifying selection and population expansion.     

钾营养对莲藕产量形成和氮磷钾养分累积分配的影响

[目的]研究钾营养对莲藕产量形成及氮磷钾养分积累与分配的影响.[方法]采用盆栽试验,设置不施钾(-K)和施钾(+K)处理进行全生育期试验.[结果]莲藕移栽76 d后,+K处理叶片和叶柄干物质累积量明显高于-K处理,并均在97 d膨大茎成型后逐渐降低;膨大茎干物质累积速率和累积量在早期为+K处理低于-K处理,97 d后+K处理的干物质累积速率明显加快,其累积量于139 d明显高于-K处理,160 d不同处理膨大茎干物质累积量趋于稳定,+K处理为1 204 g/株,比-K处理高19.7%.在97-160 d产量形成关键期,膨大茎中氮、磷和钾的累积量,+K处理比-K处理分别高32.8%、10.3%和74.2%,其中来自其它器官转移的氮、磷和钾,+K处理比-K处理分别高1.20,0.12和1.26 g/株,来自根系直接从土壤中吸收转运的氮、磷和钾,前者比后者高2.16,0.04和5.70 g/株.莲藕氮、磷、钾累积总量之比-K处理为1:0.14:0.90,+K处理为1:0.13:1.31.[结论]钾营养促进莲藕干物质生产和累积、促进根系对养分的吸收并提高莲藕各器官尤其是叶柄中钾的含量,在生育后期促进干物质和养分从叶片等器官转移并贮存到膨大茎中并最终增产.     

Phytoplasmas associated with disease of coconut in Malaysia: phylogenetic groups and host plant species

Coconut palm ( Cocos nucifera ), oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis ), Bermudagrass ( Cynodon dactylon ) and Madagascar periwinkle ( Catharanthus roseus ) with symptoms indicative of phytoplasma disease were collected from different locations in Malaysia. PCR assays employing phytoplasma universal rRNA gene primers P1/P7 alone or P1/P7 followed by R16F2n/R16R2 detected phytoplasmas in eight out of 20 Malayan Red Dwarf (MRD), nine out of 12 Malayan Yellow Dwarf (MYD) and 12 out of 12 Malayan Tall (MT) coconut palms displaying coconut yellow decline symptoms. Positive detections were also obtained from six out of six oil palm seedlings showing symptoms of yellowing and necrosis, from 10 out of 10 Bermudagrass samples with white leaf symptoms, and from eight out of eight periwinkle plants showing phyllody, virescence, little leaf, proliferation and foliar yellowing. Phytoplasmas were not detected in any of the symptomless plants tested. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of PCR products determined that phytoplasmas infecting both MRD and MT coconuts and Bermudagrass in Serdang, Selangor State, were all members of the 16SrXIV ' Candidatus Phytoplasma cynodontis' group, whereas isolates in periwinkle in Serdang were all members of the 16SrI ' Ca. Phytoplasma asteris' group. However, the phytoplasmas detected in MYD coconuts and oil palms from Banting, Selangor State, and in periwinkle from Putrajaya were collectively very similar (99%), but shared <97·5% similarity with 16S rDNA sequences of all other known phytoplasmas, indicating that they represent a novel taxonomic group. Thus, at least two phylogenetically distinct phytoplasmas are associated with the coconut yellow decline syndrome in Malaysia, both of which were also detected in other plant species.     

荷花观赏池植物造景探讨

荷花（Nelumbo nucifera）是我国最常见的水生观赏花卉之一，大面积栽植荷花能形成壮美的景观。从主景区、配景区和池岸植物配置区3个方面就荷花观赏池的设计进行了探讨。     

莲膨胀素基因的克隆及其序列分析

膨胀素是一类存在于植物细胞壁上，并能快速缓冲张力，使植物细胞壁松驰的蛋白质。以中国莲幼叶总RNA反转录所得的cDNA为模板，设计简并引物，用PCR方法成功扩增出expansin部分序列，经克隆测序，得到长度在531-532bp的序列共3个，编码177个氨基酸，而且均存在expansin的保守区域。与其它物种，如杂交杨树、烟草、杂交葡萄、野马铃薯、樱桃等物种的expansin相比，核苷酸相似性为84％-85％，氨基酸序列相似性为86%-99％。莲expansin的成功克隆为研究莲的生长发育以及莲品种的改良等打下了良好的基础。     

湖北省莲藕品种演变及栽培利用特点

湖北省是莲藕起源地之一,亦为我国莲藕重要产区.其品种演变历史可划分为传统品种阶段(1980年以前)、新品种选育的起步和奠基阶段(1980～1990年)、传统品种更新和新品种快速推广与持续选育时期(1990年以后).不仅拥有许多传统品种,而且选育了多个新品种,是我国莲藕新品种的主要选育地区.在莲藕茬口配置、设施栽培、种藕繁殖、采挖以及莲藕产品开发利用等方面具有明显的地方特色.